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Table of Content

    20 April 2007, Volume 29 Issue 2
    专家论坛
    NEW WAY TO IMPROVE GAS WELL PRODUCTION AND CONDENSATE GAS FIELD′S RECOVERY FACTOR
    LI Shi-lun GUO Ping DU Jian-fen et al.
    2007, 29(2):  1-6.  DOI: 10.3863/j.issn.1000-2634.2007.02.001
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    Most of the saturated condensate gas reservoirs with middle or low gas condensate are developed by depletion type. Some are in the middle or late period of development. How to improve gas condensate well production and the recovery of gas condensate in gas field has become a key problem. The article introduced three techniques to improve single well production and four ways to improve gas condensate recovery of condensate gas reservoir developed by injecting gas, then discussed some development schemes of condensate gas reservoir in the middle and late period and proposed purposefully three opinions about developing condensate gas reservoirs by water flood. We hope that the study on this kind fields in the middle and late development period can get enough attention.
    特邀专栏
    TUDY ON CORE STRESS SENSITIVITY FOR GAS RESERVOIR WITH TWO EXPERIMENT METHOD
    GUO Ping ZHANG Jun DU Jianfen et al.
    2007, 29(2):  7-9.  DOI: 10.3863/j.issn.1000-2634.2007.02.002
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    Core stress sensitivity test in lab generally use Change Outside Pressure & Keep Inside Pressure Test method at present, which is not accord with actual gas field development process that overburden pressure do not change while fluid pressure decrease. This paper put forward Change Inside Pressure & Keep Outside Pressure Test method and use Sulige gas field low permeability core do Change Outside Pressure & Keep Inside Pressure Test and Change Inside Pressure & Keep Outside Pressure Test at the condition of formation temperature. Study indicate that core stress sensitivity of Change Inside Pressure & Keep Outside Pressure Test is little than Change Outside Pressure & Keep Inside Pressure Test, core stress sensitivity become more little even tend to a limit with multiple stress sensitivity times. This provides experiment accordance for gas well dynamic analysis and has very important meaning for study on stress sensitivity character of low permeability gas reservoir relative high、medium、low permeability core during multiple stress rise and drop process.
    THE INFLUNCE OF RELATIVE PERMEABILITY CURVES ON GAS CONDENSATE WELL PERFORMANCE
    ZHENG Wei; DU Zhi-min WANG Zhou-hua et al.
    2007, 29(2):  10-13.  DOI: 10.3863/j.issn.1000-2634.2007.02.003
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    he practical oil/gas fluid and cores from production well from Kelake gas field in Xinjiang are used and three kinds of curves tested: relative permeability curve of balanced oil and gas under high pressure and high temperature, normal relative permeability curve and improved normal relative permeability curve considering the effect of irreducible gas. The study also establishes individual well model and analyzes the influences of the different permeability curves on the production performance in gas condensate reservoir. The article indicates that when the three kinds of curves (balanced oil and gas, improved curve and normal curve) is uesed to predicts the individual well performance, the predicted gas recovery is very close, oil recovery goes down orderly and gas condensate saturation in nearwellbore goes up in turn. The results are important to choose correct relative permeability curves, recognize the gas exploitation and guide the late stage of gas field development.
    SIMULATION AND PREDICTION OF HYDRATE FORMATION UNDER THE CONDITIONS OF HIGH CARBON DIOXIDE CONTENT
    HUI Jian LIU Jian-yi YE Chang-qing et al.
    2007, 29(2):  14-16.  DOI: 10.3863/j.issn.1000-2634.2007.02.004
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    A test is carried out with the special equipment of the Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation State Key Lab at SWPU by using hydrocarbon gas samples with different carbon dioxide content to measeru the tempreature in which at the given pressure carbon dioxide hydrate forms. A new prediction model of hydrate formation conditions in high carbon dioxide is developed in the study based on thermodynamics theory. The results of simulation are quite consistent with the results of out test, and the maximun relative error is controlled within 0.91%, which can meet the requirments of engineering design and calculation and is a new means for further study on carbon dioxide hydrate during gas production.
    LABORATORY RESEARCH OF ACCELERATING RATE CALORIMETER TEST OF HIGHPRESSURE AIR INJECTION AT LIGHT OIL RESERVOIRS
    DU Jian-fen GUO Ping WANG Zhong-lin et al.
    2007, 29(2):  17-21.  DOI: 10.3863/j.issn.1000-2634.2007.02.005
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    This paper presents a study on the feasibilities of enhancing oil recovery by injecting air into light oil reservoir in Shanshan oilfield and carries out the accelerating rate calorimeter test research of oilair. While injecting air at high pressure into Shanshan oilfield, so as to improve oil recovery, whether oil sample could become spontaneous combustion at the reservoir condition was investigated. Besides, dynamics parameters of reaction of oilair are obtained. The results show that temperature only increases 8~10℃,after 7.6 days of isothermal aging of oil sample at the reservoir temperature and pressure, and spontaneous combustion was not observed. Moreover, real oil reservoirs have better adiabatic condition, and spontaneous combustion also didn′t happen through the whole progress between accelerated calorimetric and isothermal aging research. Additionally, reaction velocity of oxidation reaction of Shanshan oil sample and air was very high between 150℃ and 350℃. Meanwhile, bond rupture reaction occurred. Activation energy of zero order reaction between oil sample and air was 73.0kcal/mol.as a result, this paper provides theoretic and technology foundation for optimization design of injecting air, in order to improve oil recovery.
    Development of the Research on EOR Mechanism by WAG
    LI Zhen-quan YIN Yong WANG qi-wei et al.
    2007, 29(2):  22-26.  DOI: 10.3863/j.issn.1000-2634.2007.02.006
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    WAG integrates the respective characteristic of gas drive and water drive, it can effectively control mobility ratio and stabilize displacement front to raise macroscopic sweep efficiency, and has been put in extensive use in oil field production practice. This paper summarizes the history of WAG both home and abroad, studies the technical classification of WAG and distinguishes the different methods of partition by WAG which include mixed phase state, injected gas and some other way. Moreover, the research of IOR mechanisms by WAG is summerized, the direction in research for the future is put forward, good sense in tertiary recovery and early stage WAG in oil field is made.
    EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON INJECTIONPRODUCTION RATE SENSIBILITY OF RECONSTRUCTING UNDERGROUND NATURAL GAS STORAGE
    DU Yu-hong; LI Miao DU Jian-fen et al.
    2007, 29(2):  27-30.  DOI: 10.3863/j.issn.1000-2634.2007.02.007
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    Because the poor repetition, high confining pressure and system pressure, fairly high error, high injection rate and actual moving speed of gas and water contacting face in the formation lie in the long core experiment on injectionproduction rate sensibility, short core is used in the physical experiment and the experiments on the sensibility of gas injection rate and production rate finished, the general concept about the gas injection rate and storage capaticy, gas production rate and efficiency of gas by waterflood is obtained which have great meanings to layout energy and gas transportation from west to east in our country.
    INFLUENCE FACTORS OF HYDROCARBON INJECTION EFFECTIVENESS IN WEN5 BLOCK
    XU Yan-mei GUO Ping ZHANG Mao-lin et al.
    2007, 29(2):  31-33.  DOI: 10.3863/j.issn.1000-2634.2007.02.008
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    Gas injection technology is used to improve oil recovery in Tuha oilfield, sensitivity evaluation has been conducted by means of numerical simulation orthogonal experiment method. The studies show that the prominence order of the factors is water saturation, injected gas composition, pressure maintenance, and input speed etc. The study provides the foundation for dynamic monitoring and scheme adjustment. It also has reference significance to IOR by gas injection.
    THE ANALYSES OF NONSTEADY PRODUCTIVITY AND EVALUATION OF CONTROLLED RESERVE OF SINGLEWELL IN LOW PERMEABILITY GAS RESERVOIR
    CHEN Wei DUAN Yonggang YAN Xiaoyong et al
    2007, 29(2):  34-36.  DOI: 10.3863/j.issn.1000-2634.2007.02.009
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    For the problem that gas well conventional systematic analysis doesn′t consider gas reservoir flow characteristic during prediction inflow performance by binomial method and so on, the coupling mechanism of the unsteady flow of fluid through porous medium and wellbore flowing is presented to perform productivity analysis, fully considering flow characteristic of gas reservoir, drainage area and formation pressure descending in the process of producing. By conventional production behavioral information, establishing controlled reserve of gas well, formation parameter, prediction the change of gaswell productivity and pressure under the circumstance of different exploration type and time, evaluating of recoverable reserves and effect of offset pressure, thereby, gas well working system is optimized.
    THE METHOD SOLVING CONDENSATE BLOCK AND IMPROVING PRODUCTIVITY OF GAS CONDENSATE RESERVOIR
    PAN Yi SUN Lei LI Shi-lun et al.
    2007, 29(2):  37-40.  DOI: 10.3863/j.issn.1000-2634.2007.02.010
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    During the exploitation of gas condensate reservoir, especially the low permeability reservoir, the condensate oil will come out when the pressure drops down to the dewpoint pressure, which will cause condensate block and decreases the well productivity, the situation will be worse if the water block exist. So there is significant value to solve these two problems. After investigating domestic and aboard literatures, authors of the paper designe a method of injecting methanol plug +N2(dry gas) puff & huff to decrease the condensate and water block to improve the well productivity. A new methanol/formation water/condensate gas system PVT phase behavior test is also carried out and injecting methanol plug +N2(dry gas) puff & huff experiment conducted, and the method is effectively applied to oil field.
    SURFACE TECHNIQUE PROCESS SYSTEM OF SUPER DEEP GAS CONDENSATE WELL WITH HIGH TEMPERATURE, HIGHPRESSURE AND HIGHPRODUCTION
    WANG Jing-tao LIU Jian-yi CHEN Guo-ta et al.
    2007, 29(2):  41-43.  DOI: 10.3863/j.issn.1000-2634.2007.02.011
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    Well Keshen 101 is a high temperature of 148.9℃ ,high pressure of 121.14MPa,high production of 213619m3/d,oil 126.75t/d and ultra deep gas condensate well of 6850 meters in depth. Surface technique process system relates to various specialitis and highly difficult technology. In view of the characteristic of super high temperature, high pressure and high wax content, a surface flow circuit called ′one operation one standby is presented, longdistance control, data acquisition and production management are realized, the complex problem of flow circuit is resolved, the risk and difficulty of management reduced. Field practice proves: The surface technique process of the well is safe and feasible. it is of great significance to the exploration of superdeep and superhigh pressure wells.
    FOAM PERFORMANCE STUDY AND APPLICATION OF THE FOAMING AGENT LH1 IN CONDENSATE GAS WELL
    HU Shi-qiang LIU Jian-yi LIU Jian-hua et al.
    2007, 29(2):  44-48.  DOI: 10.3863/j.issn.1000-2634.2007.02.012
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    To the characterized carrying liquid and liquid holdup of foaming agent in condensate gas field, we have analyzed foam static performance of foaming agent LH1 and several daily domestic foaming agents based on resisting hightemperature performance, resisting high total salinity, resisting high condensed oil. We also have carried foam dynamic performance of foaming agent LH1 and foaming agent UT11C based on liquid holdup and carry liquid. Optimize selecting foaming agent LH1 according to bubble performance, steady bubble performance, liquid holdup and carrying liquid. Design construction scheme of condensate gas well about foaming agent LH1 and carry out field test. Field application indicates that foaming agent LH1 has a good application in condensate gas well.
    THE PHASE STATE CHARACTERISTIC SIMULATION FOR GASLIQUIDLIQUID SYSTEM OF GAS CONDENSATE RESERVOIR
    YAN Wen-de SUN Lei LI Shi-lun et al.
    2007, 29(2):  49-53.  DOI: 10.3863/j.issn.1000-2634.2007.02.013
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    In accordance with the complexity of phase state characteristic of gascondensatewater in gas condensate reservoir, and the phase state between condensate and gas is considered in conventional phase equilibrium calculation, the PVT(pressurevolumetemperature) experiment in which the gaseous condensate water component is included in the fluid′s composition is carried out. The CCE(constant composition expansion) and CVD(constant volume depletion) experimental procedures for gas condensate system which includes the oversaturated water are simulated, the result shows: because the existence of oversaturated water in gas condensate system, the phase state characteristic will obviously influence CCE and CVD. The consequence is very important to research the complicated multiphase fluid phase equilibrium.
    地质勘探
    THE FORMATION MECHANISM OF COALBED METHANE RESERVOIR IN THE SOUTH QINSHUI BASIN
    SHI Shu-can; LIN Xiao-ying LI Yu-kui .
    2007, 29(2):  54-56.  DOI: 10.3863/j.issn.1000-2634.2007.02.014
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    Based on the data obtained from the exploration for oil and gas, coal, and coalbed methane, the characteristics of coalbed methane reservoir in the South Qinshui Basin is systematically discussed in this paper. The description on the static characteristics (including coalbed geometry, content and composition of coalbed gas, physical property of the reservoir, adsorption, reservoir pressure, and sealing condition) and the dynamic process(including the generation, migration and accumulation of coalbed methane) of the coalbed methane reservoir show that the coalbed methane generated from the Upper Paleozoic coal seams during the Indosinian and Yanshanian Orogenics is adjusted reformed to the current South Qinshui coalbed methane reservoir in the Himalayan Orogeny. The coalbed methane accumulation is controlled by the roof and floor of coal seams, boundary fault. The groundwater stagnant zone is the optimal area for coalbed methane accumulation. The current coalbed methane wells locate almost in the zone.
    SIMULATION OF THE SOURCE ROCK THERMAL EVOLUTION HISTORY OF XIANGXI GROUP OF UPPER TRASSIC IN CENTRAL SHICHUAN AREA
    CHEN Yi-cai JIANG Yu-qiang GUO Gui-an et al.
    2007, 29(2):  57-60.  DOI: 10.3863/j.issn.1000-2634.2007.02.015
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    Under the strong lift and strata erossion in Himalayan movement, most part of central Shichuan area lacks upper Jurassic and the above strata. According to the analyse of mudstone interval transit times from typical wells in Bajiaochang gas field and Nanchong gas field, the eroded strata is about 2500 metres in thickness. On the basis of the strata compaction correction of different rocks, history of Xiangxi group in upper Trassic and thermal evolution history of hydrocarbon has been reconstructed in 163 wells by basin modelling. The results show that source rock of Xiangxi group in upper Trassic got into hydrocarbon generation threshould (Ro=0.5%) at the end of middle Jurassic, and reached lowmature stage in later Jurassic(Ro=0.5%~0.7%). The peak of hydrocarbon generation took place in Cretaceous.To the later Cretaceous ,most part of Central Shichuan Area were in the fastigium of hydrocarbon generation,except northern area of central Shichuan where highmature later stage(Ro=1.3%~2.0%). Since Paleogene, Strata uplifting and erossion has resulted in strata temperature loeing down which preventes hydrocarbon of source rock from further generation.
    THE UNCONFORMITY TYPE AND THE DISTRIBUTION LAW IN ZHUNGEER BASIN
    HE Yan;MOU Zhong-hai.
    2007, 29(2):  61-64.  DOI: 10.3863/j.issn.1000-2634.2007.02.016
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    The tranditional method of dividing unconformity types is to clasify the unconformity type on the basis of the geometrical relation of two sides of the unconformity plane or the reflection end pattern of the formation, or the unconformity formig mechanism of sedimentation and tectonic, and the mode of seismic reflection end and the morphology of cross section, but the tranditional method cann′t display the relation of the unconformity and oilgas migrationaccumulation. In this paper, on the basis of the tranditional principles on geometrical relation of two sides of the unconformity plane, by the definition of reflection end of sequence identification and the unconformity characteristics in Zhungaer Basin, the unconformity type is at the first time divided into onlap/erosional truncation type, onlap/concordance type, concordance/erosional truncation type, concordance/concordance type. The distribution law of unconformity type is decided by the sea level elevation and denudation. The onlap/erosional truncation type and concordance/erosional truncation type are of all favorableness for the accumulation of oil and gas.
    CHARACTERISTICS AND IDENTIFICATION OF WATERED OUT FORMATION IN LOWPERMEABILITY XINLI RESERVOIR
    LIU Hong-qi CHEN Ping XIA Hong-quan et al.
    2007, 29(2):  65-67.  DOI: 10.3863/j.issn.1000-2634.2007.02.017
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    The characteristics of well logging curve changing of watered out formation of Fuyang reseivoirs in Xinli oilfield is discussed, and the responses of well logging are analyzed. Based on the parameters such as water production rate and well test data, the grade of watered out formation are determined. database of well logging response of watered out formation is established, from which, a subordinate function and maximum fuzzy degree of membership to identify watered out formation, and classify different grades. The application shows the method is in accordence with the real situation well, a good agreement with the production data in watered out formation evaluation.
    HIGH-RESOLUTION SEQUENCE STRATIGRAPHY FOR RETROGRADTIONAL FAN DELTAS
    XIN Yan-peng MOU Zhong-hai GUO Wei-hua et al.
    2007, 29(2):  68-71.  DOI: 10.3863/j.issn.1000-2634.2007.02.018
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    The theory and technology of the highresolution sequence stratigraphy, According to data of seismic, logging and outcrops, the authors study retrogradational Fan Deltas in the lower section of T3X4 in the middle part of West Sichuan Depression, threegrade baselevel cycle secquence is figured out in the section: the forth, the fifth, and the sixth class cycle secquence,and the characteristics of these different grade baselevel cycle secquence is analized. On the, basis, the distribution law of the baselevel cycle secquence in horizone and lengthways inside retrogradational Fan Delta is summarized, and the distribution model of baselevel cycle secquence is put forward. The lower section of T3X4 can be regarded as a forth class cycle secquence, and the rising cycle is a typical model of retrogradational Fan Deltas. The retrogradational Fan Delta plain is dominated by the semirising cycle base level, but the retrogradational Fan Delta front develops all kinds of baselevel cycles. The western Longmen Mountain thrusting belt develops the semirising cycle, the integrated cycles exists in the depression area and the Eastern slope far form the source area,the former develops the incomplete symmetry dominated by uprising semicycle and the latter develop the completenearly symmetry type.
    GRAY CORRRELATIVE ANALYSIS OF TRAPS
    LIU Jie LIU Quan-wen XU Jian-liang et al.
    2007, 29(2):  72-74.  DOI: 10.3863/j.issn.1000-2634.2007.02.019
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    In the practical operation of oil and gas exploration, the trap assessment is multisample,only limited data are obtained, plus the complexibility of the geological conditions, all these make the geological assessment of traps uncertain assessment model. On the basis of analyzing the characteristics of trap oilbearing, gray correlativ analysis is applied to work out the integrated assessment of structural trap oilbearing property, which can be used to integrativly assess oilbearing property of the trap, but the reiability of the assessment result can be given by degree of correlation. The basic idea, assessment method and practical application of gray correlative analysis method in trap assessment effectively solve the problem of trap optimization in the less explorative areas, shorten the cycle of exploration, and better effectiveness of interpretation and assessment is gained. Practice proves that the method requires small mount of data and simple calculation, it is a new break through of the application of structural trap assessment method.

    CHARACTERISTICS OF THE FRACTURES IN CARBONIFEROUS RESERVOIRS, AT THE ZONE 9, KRAMAY OILFIELD
    ZHANG Xin-guo; QIN Qi-rong HUO Jin et al
    2007, 29(2):  75-77.  DOI: 10.3863/j.issn.1000-2634.2007.02.021
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    Based on the rock core observation,logging data, well drilling data and image logging data, the characteristics of fructures in Carboniferous volcanic reservoirs, at the zone 9, Kramay oilfield is studied. The result indicates: fractures in the volcanic reservoisr are well developed,they are mainly structural fractures formed in the tectonic movement, most of them are filled with some kinds of solid minerals, which impact fractures′ validity to oil accumulation and migration. There are reticulate and heterotropic fractures, most of them are small scale, main fracture direction is Northwestern, consistent with main structural direction. According to the characters and cause of formation, the fractures are classified comprehensively. By studying the relation of fractures and tectonic movement, it is recognized that there are 4 periods of fracturing, corresponding with the tectonic movement. Finally, the influencing factors of fracture developing are studied, and it is indicated that characters of rocks and structural locations are main factors influencing the fracture′ developing.
    LITHOLOGIC IDENTIFICATION OF DEEP VOLCANIC ROCK GAS RESERVOIR IN XINGCHENG GAS FIELD
    WANG Yong-Jun YAN Lin RAN Qi-quan et al.
    2007, 29(2):  78-81.  DOI: 10.3863/j.issn.1000-2634.2007.02.021
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    Volcanic gas reservoirs have become important exploration target and increasing factor of oil and gas reserves. the average content of SiO2 is 74.4%, and the average Littmann Index is 2.26 in the area of interest. Most volcanic rocks in this area belong to acidic and calcalkaline volcanic suite. Because of deep buring, more rock types and less component difference, the volcanic rocks are difficult to be named and identified. The naming rule of “component + texture+ origin” is used to classify volcanic rocks in this case. Based on core observation, thin section analysis and the whole rock analysis, elemental capture spectroscopy(ECS) logging data is used to measure the content of the main petrogenetic elements and minerals and determine lithologic composition of volcanic rocks;fullbore formation microImager(FMI) image is used to identify rock texture and structure of volcanic rocks;conventional logging data reflects many characteristics of rocks, including the radioactivity, physical property and conductivity etc. So, it is used to identify synthetically volcanics by the method of principal component analysis. The results of research show that it is the most efficient method to identify volcanic rocks synthetical applying ECS, FMI and conventional logging data.
    PREDICTION OF CALCARENACEOUS SANDSTONE GASBEARING RESERVOIR IN THE 4TH MEMBER, XUJIAHE FORMATION IN FENGGU AREA, WEST SICHUAN BASIN
    LIN Xiao-bing;LIU Li-ping;WEI Li-min .
    2007, 29(2):  82-84.  DOI: 10.3863/j.issn.1000-2634.2007.02.022
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    The calcarenaceous sandstone reservoir in the 4th Member of Xujiahe Formation in Fenggu area are of the characteristics of low GR, high resistance and high impedance. The impedance of gasbearing reservoir, which will reach a lower value than common nonegasbearing one, is still higher than or close to that of mudstone. By jointly using the reverse of impedence and GR, the influence of mudstone imposing on the gasbearing reservoirs can be eliminated, and the plane distribution characteristics of calcarenaceous sandstone gasbearing reservoirs can be predicted. The analysis has come to the conclusion that 8~10 meter thick effective reservoirs can be recognized through joint inversion of impedance and GR therefore such inversion can produce a higher vertical resolution. The credibility of the reservoir prediction mainly depends on the number and distribution of the wells concerning with the inversion process. The method has been successfully applied to improve the vertical and horizontal resolution during the gasbearing reservoir prediction through multiwell restriction inversion in the area with enough and evendistribution wells.

    RESERVOIR DESCRIPTION OF KESHANG FORMATION, MIDDLE TRIASSIC, WUERHE OILFIELD
    OU Cheng-hua; LI Chuan-hao WU Qing-yu et al.
    2007, 29(2):  85-88.  DOI: 10.3863/j.issn.1000-2634.2007.02.023
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    The Keshang Formation, middle Triassic, Wuerhe oilfield is a set of fan delta sedimentary facies, with the characteristics of near source areas, low maturity, unclear vertical and horizontal distribution of reservoirs, server heterogeneity. The research is done on isochronal formation classification and correlation, microstructure and microsedimentary facies analysis, fine interpretation of reservoir parameters, characteristic description of spacetime distribution of reservoir phsical property, isochronal formation frame based on supper short period and formation plane microstructure model based on single sandbody are established. The vertical and horozontal distribution of microsedimentary facies within single sandbody is clarified, and on the basis of which, the spacial distribution of effective accumulation permeable bodies and the phsical property heterogeneity is described, a set of technologies suitable for fine description of complex fan delta sedimentary reservoirs is developed, which provides technological support for resonable exploitation of the types of reservoirs.

    A HIGH RESOLUTION NONLIEAR INVERSION OF APPARENT DENSITY OF FRACTURE IN TIGHT CLASTIC ROCK
    WU Chao-rong DUAN Wen-shen LI Zheng-wen .
    2007, 29(2):  89-91.  DOI: 10.3863/j.issn.1000-2634.2007.02.024
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    Aimed at the complexity and diversity of the oil and gas reservoir in tight clastic rock, the authors propose a method to inverse the apparent density of fracture, that is, first velocity is inversed using a hybrid method of genetic algorithms (GA) and neural network algorithms, then apparent density data of fracture gained from FMI, finally the GA method is used again to gain the apparent density profile of fracture. The 2nd member of Xujiahe formation of a gas reservoir in west Sichuan is taken as a case, on the base of logging analysis, the apparent density of fracture with nonlinear method is reversed using the FMI data, and the apparent density profile of fracture gained. The result has higher resolution and fit for the practice, it indicates that this method is an active try to predict fractured reservoir.
    TYPES OF SLOPE BREAKS IN ERLIAN BASIN AND ITS CONTROL ON SANDBODY OF HIGHSTAND SYSTEM TRACT
    HAO Qi LIU Zhen ZHAO Xian-zheng et al.
    2007, 29(2):  92-95.  DOI: 10.3863/j.issn.1000-2634.2007.02.025
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    Erlian Basin slope breaks can be classified into syndepositional slope break and palaeomorphological slope break, and furthermore, according to origin mechanism, slope breaks can be divied into structural, sedimentary and erosional slope breaks. Structural slope break is subdivided into fault and fold slope breaks with the characters of multilevel slope breaks. Sandbodies of highstand system track include highstand, the slope breaks control forming and distribution of fandelta, braided river delta and turbidite fans in highstand system track, which makes the sandbodies of highstand system track form updip wedgeout and lenticular lithologic traps. Slope breaks on multilevel slope breaks develop highstand sandbodies with different types and shapes. Moreover, distribution of highstand sandbodies is controlled by plane distribution of slope breaks, where rich hydrocarbon accumulation zones of lithological and stratigraphical reservoisr are formed.

    石油与天然气工程
    FORMATION WATER VAPORIZATION AND SALT OUT AT NEAR WELL BORE ZONE IN HIGH TEMPERATURE GAS RESERVOIRS
    TANG Yong; DU Zhi-min ZHANG Shao-nan et al.
    2007, 29(2):  96-99.  DOI: 10.3863/j.issn.1000-2634.2007.02.026
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    A gasliquidgas phase equilibrium theoretical calculation model suitable for hydrocarbon mixtures contained polar material water is presented based on PR equation of state and excess energy HV mixing rule. Moreover, a functional relation between formation water evaporation, water saturation at near well bore zone and salinity is set up using this equilibrium theory, the change of phase volume of hydrocarbon and water with temperature and pressure is studied. Through combining with single well radial numerical simulator, the change of vaporous water content Xw, water saturation Sw and water salinity versus radius and production time are investigated. The results show that at near well bore zone, the pressure drop gradient decreases considerablly, formation water vaporizes prominently, and the Xw increases exponentially which can even exceed 7 percent at low pressure. It also proved that the formation water saturation Sw may decrease by 50 percent after vaporization, which is in favor of production. In addition, formation water vaporization would result in salinity increasing, which may lead to salt out and the salt out generally occurs about 5 meters range around well bore.
    THE TECHNOLOGIES FOR HIGH EFFICIENT DEVELOPMENT OF LOW PERMEABILITY RESERVOIR
    LIANG Zhu; SHEN Zhi-jun; QI Mei; et al.
    2007, 29(2):  100-102.  DOI: 10.3863/j.issn.1000-2634.2007.02.027
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    Northern Baolang Block in Baolang oilfield is taken as an example to indentify the steep structures by using wave equation cascade depth migration processing technique, idfentify the fractures by using log information and palaeotectonic stress field analysis,predict the reservoirs laterally by using reflection amplitudethickness and wavelet processing technique. Base on the establishment of fine geologic model and research on reasonable well space, the comprehensive adjustment and bridge plugging of low permeability reservoirs and whole reservoir protection under tubing survey perforating techniques are presented. anti gas rod pump mechanical production technology resolves high gas oil ratio. Multilevel stamping acidizing and individual layer acidizing at high pressure resolves the problem of low permeability reservoir hygroscope difficulty. During oilfield development, a whole set of high efficient development technology for low permeability reservoirs is formed. Oilfield application acquires preferable effectiveness.
    NEW STYLE WATER DRIVE CHARACTERISTIC CURVE SERIES
    WANG Nu-tao AIHemaiti·Yimiti ZHAO Xun et al.
    2007, 29(2):  103-105.  DOI: 10.3863/j.issn.1000-2634.2007.02.028
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    The water drives characteristic curve aimed at domestic use can only deai withfw~R*curve, the common water drive characteristic curve can reflect all types offw~R*relation curve, but the expression is complicated, the parameterse difficult to solve, and not suitable for practical use. On the basis of existed research, a simple fw~R*water drive characteristic curve integrating two types of relations is put forward. Practical calculation shows that the established new type of water drive characteristic curve matches practical data better, result is more reliable, and better value is demenstrated to the predicted recoverable reserve and productivity of water drive reservoirs.
    THE APPLICATION OF FLOW THROUGH POROUS MEDIA OF RESERVOIR WITH FRACTAL CHARACTERISTIC ON NUMERACAL SIMULATION
    GUAN Qing LI Yun.
    2007, 29(2):  106-109.  DOI: 10.3863/j.issn.1000-2634.2007.02.029
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    The fractal theory created by foreign scientists in the eightise, last century,has been widly applied in many fields, the nonlinear fractal theory is being introduced gradually into Reservoir Numerical Simulation. The firstcomers who descriped the pores and the fractures in porous media with fractal dimension and fractal parameter are the foreign scientists and the reservoir engineers, which breaks the traditionary way of using homogeneous or pesudo homogeneous assumption to reflect fractal porous media and makes the theory of fractal reservoir be founded. The farther research has been done to solute the models by the engineers. Comparing with the classic model, the reservoir numerical model which established with fractal theory is more complex and more closer to the natural and actual reservoir, it can demenstrate the complexity of real reservoir more effecttively.
    油气化学工程与化工
    CORROSION OF S135 STEEL IN POLYMER DRILLING FLUIDS CONTAINING CO2
    WAN Li-ping; MENG Ying-feng YANG Long et al.
    2007, 29(2):  110-113.  DOI: 10.3863/j.issn.1000-2634.2007.02.030
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    Corrosion behavior of four kinds of S135 steel in polymer drilling fluids containing CO2 is investigated using high temperature high pressure autoclave. The results shows the average corrosion rate increases initially and then decreases as the rise of temperature or CO2 partial pressure; and increase as the flow velocity goes up. Average corrosion rate of S135 steel in dynamic liquid phase exceedes that in dynamic gas phase, and corrosion severity of S135 steel is listed as S135(A)>S135(B)>S135(C)>S135(D). In this corrosion environment(temperature100℃, CO2 partial pressure 3MPa, velocity of flow 2m/s, exposed time 96h), local corrosion of gas phase of S135 steel is mild and pitting corrosion coefficient is 1.12~1.49, while that of liquid phase of S135 steel more serious and its coefficient 1.40~5.22. S135(D)drill pipe is recommended to use in polymer drilling fluids containing high CO2 concentration, and S135(A)or S135(B)abandoned.
    石油与天然气工程
    SYNTHESIS AND PROPERTIES EVOLUTION OF αSULFONATION TEARIC ACID
    ZHAO Tian-hong HU Xing-qi GUO Shu-feng et al.
    2007, 29(2):  114-116.  DOI: 10.3863/j.issn.1000-2634.2007.02.031
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    Amphiphilic anionic surfactant is produced through following measure: Take stearic acid as main raw material, and then make sulfornation by battery acid at 85℃. reaction time is 6 hour. then the product is purified with water/acetone, in the end, reacted with NaOH again. Infrared spectrum preliminarily makes sure its structure.This experiment shows that target′s aqueous solutions are of lower CMC and γ CMC than SDS′s and higher surface activity, in the meantime, latherability and foam stability.
    油气化学工程与化工
    STUDY ON THE SCALE INHIBITION PERFORMANCE OF TETRAPOLYMER OF MAAAAMSMAS
    HUANG Jie LIU Ming-hua ZHENG Fuer.
    2007, 29(2):  117-121.  DOI: 10.3863/j.issn.1000-2634.2007.02.032
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    The tetrapolymer scale inhibitor of MAAAAMSMAS, denoted as PMAAS, is prepared by aqueous solution polymerization and phosphonylation of monomers, i.e., maleic anhydride(MA), acrylic acid(AA), acrylamide(AM), sodium methyl allysulfonate(SMAS) etc. The relationship between such factors as the tetrapolymer dosage, Ca2+ concentration, solution pH and temperature etc. on the scale inhibitor are comprehensively discussed, the changes between crystals of the preliminarily studied with environment scanning electronic microscope (ESEM). The scale inhibition percentage could reach 99% for CaCO3 and 88.5% for CaSO4 respectively, when pH=7 and 7mg/L of PMAAS is used. Additionally, the comparison with corresponding products indicates that the scale inhibition performance of calcium carbonate and calcium sulfate is of advantage.
    HIGH INTERNAL PHASE HEAVY OIL WATER-OIL EMULSION RHEOLOGY 
    MENG Jiang XIANG Yang WEI Xiao-lin et al.
    2007, 29(2):  122-124.  DOI: 10.3863/j.issn.1000-2634.2007.02.033
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    The high internal phase W/O emulsion formed in heavy oil tremendously influences the production. The research indicates that W/O emulsion rheological property can be descriped by power law pattern. It has the shearthinning nature. there is the index relation between viscosity and temperature . as the increase of internal phase volume concentration, the viscosity of the emulsion reaches a maximum. The internal phase volume concentration corresponding the maximum of the emulsion viscosity is the transforming phase volume concentration. When the internal phase volume concentration is smaller than the transforming phase volume concentration, the increase of the internal phase volume concentration, the viscosity of the emulsion rises. When the internal phase volume concentration is greater than the transforming phase volume concentration, as the increase of the internal phase volume concentration, the viscosity of the emulsion decreases. After the internal phase volume concentration is greater than the transforming phase volume concentration, the emulsion will be changed to the O/W type from W/O type. As the increase of the internal phase volume concentration and the shear rate and the temperature rising, emulsion stability declines. The high internal phase W/O emulsion is of certain characteristics of viscolelastic fluid.

    THE TECHNICAL STUDY AND APPLICATION OF IMPROVING THE EFFECT OF STEAM STIMULATION IN LATTER CYCLES FOR SUPER HEAVY OIL
    ZHANG Yong .
    2007, 29(2):  125-128.  DOI: 10.3863/j.issn.1000-2634.2007.02.034
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    Ever since super heavy oil producers in Shu1 area of Liaohe oilfield entere latter cycles of steam huff and puff, there exist some problems that steam huff and puff effect gets worse, oil production is decreasing, and its costs producing per ton are increasing. However, after analyzing the main factors carefully that influence the effect of developing in latter cycles well, many kinds of technical methods such as combination steamhuff and puff, intermittent steam huff and puff, multiform steam huff and puff are given and applied, thus, single steam huff and puff module are broken through, the use of heat efficiency is raised, and the effectiveness of steam huff and puff in latter cycles is improved. These measures provide a reference to develop super heavy oil reservoirs and heavy oil reservoisr in other areas.
    APPLICATION OF FUZZY MATHEMATICS IN SYNTHESIS OF INP HYDROGEL
    XU Wen-juan PU Wan-fen LIU Yong-bing et al.
    2007, 29(2):  129-131.  DOI: 10.3863/j.issn.1000-2634.2007.02.035
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    A kind of interpenetrating networks hydrogel is synthesized from polyvinylalcohol (PVA), acrylamide (AM) and acrylic acid (AA) as raw materials, with ammonium persulfate ((NH4)2S2O3) as initiator. And such properties of the hydrogel are studied as water absorptivity, salt resistance and tempreature resistence. Based on orthogonal design, the remarkable influence factors of waterabsorptivity are the monomer quality ratio and the crosslinking agent II amount used; and the remarkable influence factors of antitempreature performance are the monomer quality ratio and the PVA amount used; the initiator and the monomer amount used affecte antitempreature performance of the hydrogel. And the best polyreaction condition can be get by fuzzy mathematical analysis.
    OPTIMIZATION OF REACTION CONDITIONS FOR PETROLEUM SULFONATE BY GAS PHASE METHOD
    ZHOU Ming PU Wan-fen ZHAO Jin-zhou .
    2007, 29(2):  132-134.  DOI: 10.3863/j.issn.1000-2634.2007.02.036
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    The content of wax ,pitch and arene into vacuum cutⅡand that of vacuum cut Ⅳ from Da Gang′s Yang San Mu oil field are determined. The result shows the content of wax and pitch is comparatively low, and the content of arene is 42.4% and 38.2% respectively,so the kinds of oil could directly be sulphonated. Dilute SO3 as sulphanation dose is extracted from smoking sulphuric acid with nitrogen. Direct sulphonation rate of vacuum of it to heavy alkyl benzene is 6:4,the productivity of crude product reaches 90.3%.Influence factors of reaction are optimized with neutralization value, active thing content,unsulphonation thing content and inorganic salt as evaluation standards.The result indicates that the optimal reaction conditions are as follows: reaction temperature 50~55℃.Reaction time 5h and SO3 average concentration of 4.5g/L,current of diluted gas 140L/h.After neutralized with alkali,the petroleum sulphonate with steady performance is obtained without separation from reaction fluid.〖
    石油机械工程及其它
    LARGESCALE THREEDIMENSIONAL SIMULATION TEST FOR DIRECTIONAL PERFORATION AND FRACTUREINGT IN DEFLECTED WELL
    JIA Chang-gui; LI Ming-zhi DENG Jin-gen et al.
    2007, 29(2):  135-137.  DOI: 10.3863/j.issn.1000-2634.2007.02.037
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    Through largescale threedimensional simulation test, the influence of hole deviation angle, azimuth angle and perforation orientation on opening pressure, position, and extention rule of fracture created in fractured deflected hole is researched. Visual description on opening and extention is achieved under different parameter condition. A way is sought to make a big level fracture by means of directional perforation to reduce the breakdown pressure of formation, improve the shape of fracture and enhance the success rate for deflected hole fracturing treatment. According to it, perforation project and hydraulic fracturing design can be objectively optimized. The experimental conclusion is important to improve fracturing stimulation treatment technology and postfracturing response for deflected hole.
    THE DEVELOPMENT OF MULTIPARAMETERS MEASUREMENT INSTRUMENT UESD FOR HIGH TEMPREATURE AND HIGH PRESURE CORE
    WANG Hong-yan CHEN Yi-jian YOU Li-jun et al.
    2007, 29(2):  138-140.  DOI: 10.3863/j.issn.1000-2634.2007.02.038
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    main technical characteristics, range of parameters, hardware and software of the SCMSB2 core multiparameters measurement instrument uesd at high temperature and high pressure is introduced. The instrument can measure many parameters, such as gas porosity, permeability, core and formation water resistivity, velocity of pwave and swave, relative permeability of petroleum and water of all kinds of core at high temperature from ambient to 150℃ and high pressure from 1MPa to 90MPa , furthermore it can also conduct the “seven sensitivity” experiment. The practical application results show that the instrument is high automatic and easy to handle, with wide range of measuring parameters, very fast speed, and especially, good repeatability
    EMULATION ANALYSIS OF PIPELINE NETWORK OF A CERTAIN GAS FIELD
    YANG Yi; ZHOU Zhi-bin LI Chang-jun et al.
    2007, 29(2):  141-143.  DOI: 10.3863/j.issn.1000-2634.2007.02.039
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    Some old natural gas fields have been in production tail, there are only a small scale gas production, the gas productivity can not meet the consumer′s demand. So it is put forward to conduct pipeline network emulation analysis and ground pipeline planning and restructure, and for natural gas companies to get supplementary gas form other gas fields through main pipeline or to develop new gas field, integrated mathematical model of complex pipeline network including pipe and nonpipe elements is established, and generalized damping NewtonRaphson arithmetic is adopted to solve nonlinear equations, finally,PES software package is researched and developed. The PES is uesd to simulate and analyze the current pipeline network and future planed pipeline network. The result shows: the pressure in the planned pipeline network does not exceed permitted pressure, most of the pipeline could increase natural gas flow and specific pipeline should be changed to bigger diameter pipeline.

    DEVELOPMENT OF GRAPHIC PROGRAM IN DRILLING SIMULATOR BASED ON OPENGL
    JIA Yue-le CHEN Wen-bin LIU Zu-yun et al.
    2007, 29(2):  144-149.  DOI: 10.3863/j.issn.1000-2634.2007.02.041
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    The 3D environment created by the Graphic program of Drilling Simulator makes simulation effects approach a real wellsite more, and OpenGL makes it possible to control realtime 3D cartoon. It can be used in the Oil Enterprises for professional Drilling training, and play an important role in applying Computer Graphic Technology to the production of 3D Drilling cartoon. A method for accessing and controlling the 3D machinery models of Drilling Simulator based on OpenGL is provided, and the methods of Hierarchical Model and Object Oriented Programming to improve the flexibility and scalability of the program is used. In this way, the whole scene and models can be controlled and changed much more easily. Also, the programming efficiency has been improved obviously. At the same time, the scence of 3D cartoon is established.
    THE DESIGN OF DRILLING SIMULATOR GRAPHIC SYSTEM BASED ON OBJECT ORIENTED
    ZHANG Jing CHEN Wen-bin LIU Zu-yun et al.
    2007, 29(2):  144-146.  DOI: 10.3863/j.issn.1000-2634.2007.02.040
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    Drilling Simulator Graphic System is a subsystem of Drilling Simulator. The System is mainly as form of threedimension animation on computer to present vivid objects of drilling site and the operation to users under the condition away from the real situation. Because the system is very complicated, round trip procedure is taken as example to describe how to design the system with Object Oriented. At the beginning, the technological process of round trip is introduced, and then the way to extract the action and object of animation from the technological process is emphasized. After the analysis, how to design the class and program for the technological process in detail is furtherly demonstrated. The practice has proved thatusing the object oriented design, the system has many characters such as strong expansibility and good flexibility.
    石油与天然气工程
    HOLISTIC OPTIMIZATION OF FIELD DEVELOPMENT INVESTMENT PROJECT 
    ZHANG Guang-jie; YANG Xue-yan LUO Hong .
    2007, 29(2):  150-153.  DOI: 10.3863/j.issn.1000-2634.2007.02.042
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    Because of management system of branch and parent company, investment projects are optimized at two levels of field branch and parent company. Whole optimization model of parent company is established on the basis of projects optimization in field branch company, to resolve investment scheme among the branches. Furthermore, the utility adjustment is used in the model so that decisionmaker′ intention is brought into the optimization model. The study is provided scientific, reasonable, effective and practicable method for investment decision.
    基础理论
    A NEW EQUATION FOR CALCULATING EXPANSION FORCE OF EXPANDABLE CASING
    LIN Yuan-hua ZHANG Jian-bing SHI Tai-he et al.
    2007, 29(2):  154-156.  DOI: 10.3863/j.issn.1000-2634.2007.02.043
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    The key of the expandable tubular technology is dependent on the selection of material, connection and mandrel; expansion force is a base to design and check the strength of expanding tool. Considering the effect of the mechanical properties of steel, the spatial configure of the casing, expandable technology, the cone angle of the mandrel, the friction and lubrication between the mandrel and the inner wall of casing on the expansion force, the expansion force equation is put forward according to the plastic property of casing and plastic deformation theory, the equation calculating expansion force is established by using main stress method, then the expandable experimentation of casing is done, and the calculation results of the analytic model are coincident with the experiment data, which indicates the calculation model is reliable. It can be used in practical operation.
    A NEW METHOD OF CALCULATING FLUIDSOLID COUPLING PHASE EQUILIBRIUM IN CONDENSATE GAS AND OIL SYSTEM 
    SUN Lei YANG Xiao-song QI Zhi-lin et al.
    2007, 29(2):  157-161.  DOI: 10.3863/j.issn.1000-2634.2007.02.044
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    Based on macrodimensional conventional fluid phase equilibrium thermodynamic theory, such interfacial physical chemistry effects as capillary pressure, surface adsorption and capillary condensation etc., are introduced. Meanwhile, stress sensitivity research of the accumulation and permeability characteristic in pore media and capillary radius are correlated by Ko ZenyCarman equation, then, the microdimensional fluidsolid coupling phase equilibrium thermodynamic mathematical model of multiphasefluidsolid coupling dew point pressure, pT phase diagram and fixed volume depletion gas condensate reservoir with low permeability and superlow permeability, which considers formation stress deformation and interfacial physical chemistry effect is establishted. The simulation result of phase behavior indicates that this model can properly explain experiment results of condensate gas and oil system in pore media.
    博导论评
    THE RELATION OF BASELEVEL CYCLE SEQUENCE TO RESERVOIR DIVISION
    CHEN Jing-shan PENG Jun ZHOU Yan et al.
    2007, 29(2):  162-165.  DOI: 10.3863/j.issn.1000-2634.2007.02.046
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    The analysis of the relation of A/S ratio to development of sand bodies in shortterm and middleterm baselevel cycles shows that shortterm cycle sequences with A1、A2 and C2 structural types are the most favorable for sand bodies development, the top and bottom of various grade sequence boundaries are favorable position for sand bodies with good reservoir property, and middle part of various grade cycle sequences is the position of muddy cap and barrier beds. With consideration of contradiction between the classification scheme of individual strata based on sequence boundaries of baselevel cycle and the fourgrade traditional reservoir division scheme, it is suggested that fourgrade division scheme of sandbodies and reservoirs is bounded by muddy cap and barrier beds deposited during various grade flooding, and strides across sequence boundary. The reservoir series, reservoir suite, composite reservoir, and single reservoir are related to longterm, middleterm, shortterm, and suppershortterm baselevel cycles respectively. This scheme is conformed to the divisional principle of pool development series, and is more operable in practical use.
    探讨与争鸣
    MISUNDERSTANDING THE PERFORMANCE OF ABNORMAL PRESSURE GAS RESERVOIR
    LI Chuan-liang.
    2007, 29(2):  166-169.  DOI: 10.3863/j.issn.1000-2634.2007.02.046
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    Abnormal pressure gas reservoirs are similar to normal pressure gas reservoirs, only the former is at higher pressure. The production index curves of all gas reservoirs, not only abnormal pressure ones, are curved downward. The production index curve of abnormal pressure gas reservoir is a smooth curve, not a tortuous line as conventionally plotted. Rock compressibility of abnormal pressure gas reservoir is similar to that of conventional reservoirs with a very small value. The rock compressibility of abnormal pressure gas reservoir is not related to the depth of reservoirs, but the porosity of reservoir rocks and the rigidity of rock frame.

    封面人物
    Cover Person Introduction
    2007, 29(2):  200-201.  DOI: 10.3863/j.issn.1000-2634.2007.02.100
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    Li Shi-lun, a Communist Party member, was born in January 1935 in Shaoxing City, Zhejiang Province, studying in Soviet Union at his early years. Professor, Doctoral Tutor. Former Vice President of Southwest Petroleum Institute, Director for "China - Canada Gas Center" , Deputy Director of the Academic Committee in the State Key Laboratory of "Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation" and Deputy Director of the Academic Committee in Key Laboratory of China Petroleum "Hydrocarbon Accumulation and Development". The former member of the Science and Technology Committee in Oil Industry Ministry and the consultant expert for higher education in China National Petroleum Corporation. The expert in education with outstanding contributions in oil industry, enjoying the special allowances from State Council. The academic leader in science and technology and academia in Sichuan Province. He has once served many terms as Magazine Editor and Consultant for Natural Gas Industry, Director and Editor in Chief for Journal of Southwest Petroleum University, and the Vice Director of the Natural Gas Committee of Sichuan Provincial Petroleum Institute and Measurement Institute.
    Professor Li Shi-lun is a domestic well-known specialist in the development of gas field and gas condensate field. For the past 50 years, he has been committed to the research on new theories, new methods and new technology for complex gas field development, research on theory, experiment and application of oil and gas phase state in gas condensate field and oil field, and technology research on improving oil recovery by gas injection. He has undertaken cooperation projects of national, provincial and ministerial and major scientific and technological for more than 70 items, and won a second prize in national scientific and technological progress, two first prize and six second and third prize in provincial and ministerial scientific and technological progress, two second prize in provincial and ministerial excellent teaching achievements. A total of eight monographs, teaching materials and translations et al has been published, including one national planning teaching material and one teaching materials for the 21st century. More than 110 articles have been published in domestic and foreign papers. Two post-doctors were guided and more than 90 Doctors and Masters were trained by Li Shi-lun.
    He improved cube equation of state (LHHSS Equation), led the development of mercury vicarious medium and mercury-free PVT meter, and took the lead in the research of oil and gas phase state in porous medium. Most of the results were on top at home, and some reached the international advanced level.
    In view of the reservoir characteristic of various and complex types and more tough producing reserves, he proposed earlier that we should develop China's enhanced oil recovery technology multivariately and by adjusting measures to local conditions. At the early 1990s, he again took the lead in the research of enhancing oil recovery by gas injection in China, cooperated with major oil fields and applied the gas injection theory and technology to China's 14 oil regions and 26 oil fields, which played the role of theoretical guidance and technical support, making significant economic and social benefits, training the talent, as well as promoting the development of China's oil field gas injection cause.
    He covers extensively and is knowledgeable, rigorous for study, uniting the colleague, taking care to the overall situation, exerting the advantage of the team, and a person of exemplary virtue .So he gets the respect from school and oil industry, enjoying great prestige.
    He was once in charge of teaching, pursued for education, cared for students and made painstaking efforts to promote the development of our school’s educational quality, subject construction, scientific research, postgraduate cause and international academic exchanges. He cares for studious students with economic poverty. Allying the schoolfellow, he sets up the "teachers’ scholarship" with private donations. He and other school leaders together won the international aid with a value of 9 million U.S. dollars and made significant contribution for projects construction of our school’s State Key Laboratory of "Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation", "China-Canada Gas Centre" and "Completion Center", as well as the acquirement of post-doctoral station, state key disciplines and Dr. points.

    本期导读
    Guidance for readers
    2007, 29(2):  201-202.  DOI: 10.3863/j.issn.1000-2634.2007.02.101
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    For the first phase of this journal, the technology events "Luojiazhai" is highlighted as the theme to reveal the scientific research progress of exploration and development of the structure of Luojiazhai to the readers. While the focus of the current period is to show readers the study status quo of the academic direction in gas development and gas injection in our school.
    The research team for this academic direction in natural gas development and gas injection in our school is one of the important compositions of the State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation, offering the important academic and technologic support for "China - Canada Natural Gas exploratory development technique training Center" and Key Laboratory of China Petroleum Corporation "Hydrocarbon Accumulation and Development". The Special Report of this period "Characterized by Natural Gas, Targeted by Improving Oil and Gas Recovery, Serve the Petroleum Industry" is completed by Committee of Edition, which presents sides such as "academic idea, research feature, main research aspects, main contents and results" of this team to the reader detailedly.
    As a domestic well-known specialist in the development of gas field and gas condensate field, Professor Li Shi-lun has been committed to the research on new methods and new technology for complex gas field development. "New Way to Improve Gas Well Production and Condensate Gas Field’s Recovery Factor" is the new crystal of his academic idea. Any benefit for your academic research or production practice is our great wish.
    China’s gas industry has made rapid progress. West to east project not only drives the development of every walk of life but also transforms people’s cognition and usage of clean energy sources profoundly. The discovery of CO2 in Songliao Basin and Yinggehai Basin ensured the resource for the gas injection development of oilfield with low permeability. The specially inviting column of current period mainly discussed the academic and technical problems in gas field development and gas injection, which has great instructional sense for the research in natural gas engineering and its correlated fields.
    "The relation of base-level cycle sequence to reseroir division" is completed by Professor Chen jing-shan et al. With consideration of contradiction between the classification scheme of individual strata based on sequence boundaries of base-level cycle and the four-grade traditional reservoir division scheme,it is suggested that four-grade division scheme of sandbodies and reservoirs is bounded by muddy cap and barrier beds deposited during various grade flooding, and strides across sequence boundary. It’s innovative and operable in application.
    "Formation Water Vaporization and Salt Out at Near Well Bore Zone in High Temperature" is composed by Tang Yong et al. A gas-liquid-gas phase equilibrium theoretical caculation model suitable for hydrocarbon mixtures contained polar material water and a functional relation between formation water evaporation, water saturation at near well bore zone and salinity are set up. They suggest that the potential formation damage caused by salting out should be considered during the depressurizing recovery of gas reservoir with high temperature, high formation water salinity and low water saturation.
    "The Formation Mechanism of Coalbed Methane Reservoir in the South Qinshui Basin" is completed by SHI Shu-can et al.The paper shows the characteristic of the coalbed reservior of the South Qinshui Basin that the coalbed methane generated from the Upper Paleozoic coal seams during the Indosinian and Yanshanian Orogenics is reformed to the current coalbed methane reservior in the Himalayan Orogeny. The paper also shows the gas accumulation problems.
    As the upper talent in Petrolem Engineering in our school, the young Professor Lin Yuanhua wrote "A New Equation for Calculating Expansion Force of Expandable Casing" for current period. The theoritical model for expansion force of expandable casing makes significant reference sense for drilling engineering and its correlated actual problems.
    Professor Li Chuanliang is a low-pitched and domestic person in life but totally diffirent from others in science and technique. The inquiry spirit of suspicion and getting to the bottom of the question not only benefits students in teaching but also makes him breach in scientific research frequently. "Misunderstanding the Performance of Abnormal Pressure Gas Reservoir" is the second discussing and argumentative thesis in this journal and it deserves the commendation.
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