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    20 June 2005, Volume 27 Issue 3
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    地质勘探
    The Application of the Whole-Hydrocarbon Geochemistry Method in the Complex Hydrocarbon Source Research
    LI Qi-rong;WANG Ting-dong LI Yan-jun et al
    2005, 27(3):  1-4(7).  DOI: 10.3863/j.issn.1000-2634.2005.03.001
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    In this paper, based on the mechanism of oil-gas fraction entrapment, the hydrocarbon sources in Jia Lingjiang Formation of the Luzhou Paleohigh has been confired by the whole-hydrocarbon geochemistry method which is the natural gas composition together with the carbon isotope （C 1～4）,and light hydrocarbon （C 4～8）,and middle molecular weight hydrocarbon （C 8～20）and the oil-rock biomarker （>C 15）. Moreover, the relevant hydrocarbon source pattern has been established. The research results have suggested that oil-gas in Jia Lingjiang Formation has nothing to do with against itself hydrocarbon source，mostly comes from Hydrocarbon source stratum below it，that is the characteristics of much stages and sources. But the hydrocarbon source capacities varies from different area. For instance, the Silurian hydrocarbon source mainly distributes in the Center and its edge of the Luzhou Paleohigh.
    Research on the Remaining Oil Research by Geology
    HUANG Wei-gang GUO Ping XU Yan-mei
    2005, 27(3):  5-7.  DOI: 10.3863/j.issn.1000-2634.2008.03.002
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    At the present, most oilfields in China have come into the period of high water cut and the remaining oil widely dispersed, and the production has obvious downtrend. Acquaintance with the residual oil and development has been an important research subject, and also a difficult subject worldwide. The concentration of the remaining oil in reservoir is controlled by production dynamics and geological factors. During production, the factors hardly change in short time, yet, barely affected by human factors. Address way is widely utilized in research of remaining oil.
    The Disscussion on the Mechanisms of Deep-Seated High Porosity Igneous Rocks′ Formation
    CEN Fang LUO Ming-gao YAO Peng-xiang
    2005, 27(3):  8-10.  DOI: 10.3863/j.issn.1000-2634.2008.03.003
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    The emphasis and difficulty is the development of carboniferous igneous rocks oil and gas in the belly of Junggar Basin in recent years. The porosity of fifty-four wells carboniferous igneous rocks in Shixi Oilfiled is being studied. The result has been shown that the higher porosity of conglomerate rocks and carbonate rocks than in similar depth and igneous rocks in shallow depth. The research has indicated that lithology and burial diagenesis determine the development of the porosity of deep-seated igneous rocks in carboniferous in Shixi Oilfield. And burial diagenesis is the key factor.
    The Meticulous Reservoir Prediction of the Zhouqingzhuang Oilfield
    CHEN Bin;LIAO Xi-ming YANG Hong-wei et al
    2005, 27(3):  11-13.  DOI: 10.3863/j.issn.1000-2634.2008.03.004
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    Aim at the geological characters such as complex strcture and rapidly change of reservoir, based on the techniques of precise reservoir prediction and the way of analysis the informations of geoglegy and log and seismic, the reservoir of Zhouqingzhuang Oilfield has been integrated research. As a result, the structure and sand distribution in the area has been clearly outlined. By various kinds of research results to direct our application of exploitation, we have been gotten good economic benefit.
    The Geochemical Study of Forming Condensate Pool in Triassic in Jilake
    HU Shou-zhi FU Xiao-wen WANG Ting-dong et al
    2005, 27(3):  14-16.  DOI: 10.3863/j.issn.1000-2634.2008.03.005
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    Based on the method of reservoir geochemistry, the formation of the condensate pool in Triassic in Jilake has been studied. By the study of gas compostion and the light carbon in condensate oil, it is suggested that the source of gas and condensate oil are sapropelic, and the condensate gas was formed by dry gas entering the oil. The study of reservoir bitumen showed that the source is not only the carbonate in middle and late ordovician, but also the carbonate in cambrian. The process of condensate pool formation is analyzed in detail. It is concluded that there are three periods in acculumation and one period in destroy in the process of condensate pool formation. The strata was reversed in Himalayan, and then the gas redistribution was formed the condensate pool.
    The Non-Suppressed Ion Chromatography Analysis of the Gas Field Water
    LIN Feng XU Zhi-ming LI Yan-mei
    2005, 27(3):  17-19.  DOI: 10.3863/j.issn.1000-2634.2008.03.006
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    The paper discusses analysis condition and application of non-suppressed ion chromatography for analyzing ionic solutes in gas field water, such as alkali metal ions , alkali earth metal ions and inorganic anions.The technology possesses advantages of high resolution,high speed, accuracy ,simple and convenience.
    石油与天然气工程
    The Relationship between Stress-Sensitivity Permeability and Starting Pressure Gradient of Reservoir
    LUO Rui-lan CHENG Lin-song PENG Jian-chun et al
    2005, 27(3):  20-22.  DOI: 10.3863/j.issn.1000-2634.2008.03.007
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    There are different conclusions about the stress-sensitivity reservoir permeability. Some researchers think that the variation degree of permeability via effective stress is not related to the initial permeability, while others hold the contrast viewpoint. By means of stress-sensitive experiment, capillary model and starting pressure gradient theory, the reason that causes researchers hold different opinions is found: it is because the permeability values of cores which they studied are great different. By carefully analyzing, we draw the conclusion: because of starting pressure gradient, low-permeability reservoir is more stress sensitive than medium-high permeability, and when initial permeability is lower than a critical value, the lower the permeability is, the more stress-sensitive the reservoir is, and when permeability is greater than this value, regardless of the initial permeability, the reduction in permeability is a function of effective stress only. For tight reservoirs, reservoir deformation has great effect on oil and gas production, which increase the exploitation difficulties of this kind of reservoirs.
    Principal Component Projection Method Applied to Evaluate Oil and Gas Drilling Technology
    ZHANG Hui GAO De-li
    2005, 27(3):  23-25.  DOI: 10.3863/j.issn.1000-2634.2008.03.008
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    Our oil and gas industry is faced with many new challenges in 21st century. Comprehensive evaluation of oil and gas drilling technology is very important to scientific and reasonably lay out our science and technology development strategy in oil and gas industry. Considering the characteristics of oil and gas technology, a technical evaluation index system was established. The weight of each index was obtained by the weight factor decision method. Its calculation is simple and practicable. A new method of multi-index omprehensive evaluation(i.e. the principal component projection method) was applied to evaluate fourteen oil and gas drilling technologies. The application results indicated that it is feasible.
    Research and Application of High Temperature Fracturing Fluid for Poor Permeability Fracture Reservoir in Anpeng Oilfield
    LIN Jing-yu TAO Liang-jun HUANG Qing-song et al
    2005, 27(3):  26-28.  DOI: 10.3863/j.issn.1000-2634.2008.03.009
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    In order to meet the demand of the fracturing fluid used in Anpeng Oilfield which is low porosity, poor permeability, high temperature and plentiful fracture reservoir, experiment temperature for assessing fracturing fluid has been determined. Thickener, gellant, viscosity breaker and cleanup additive have been selected optimally. The fracturing fluid system has been formulated which is suitable for the zones of Anpeng Oilfield. The fracturing fluid has the advantages of high temperature resistance, shear resistance, delayed crosslinking, excellent prop-carrying capacity, complete viscosity breaking and low damage. The fracturing fluid can be used in the zones whose temperature is between 90℃ and 140℃. The fracturing fluid has been used in 49 wells for fracturing operation. Success ratio is 91.3%. The problem of sand plugging for high temperature fracture reservoir has been solved.
    Potentials Tapping and Adjusting Technology of Residual Oil Distribution in High Water-Cut Stage in Complicated Fault-Block Reservoir
    HU Su-yonga ZHANG Lie-huib ZHANG Chong-jun et al
    2005, 27(3):  29-31.  DOI: 10.3863/j.issn.1000-2634.2008.03.010
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    East3 member and Cha3 member of Cha 12 sector in Chaheji Oilfield is complicated fault-block reservoir with low-permeability, mid-pore, high-saturation-pressure, high-heterogeneity. There are grown faultage, crashed conformation, un-stability and small area of sand distribution in landscape orientation. Now, the oilfield is at high-water-cut stage. In order to improve development effectiveness, the paper studies the reasonable technical development plans that improve production at high-water-cut stage by applying simulation methods. It determined the plans through scheme optimization. That is: the reservoir in the future should be water flooding. The major means should be adjust with chemistry flooding, but not with re-perforation or altering layers etc. The implement effectiveness shows that the study accomplishment have more strong guide meaning for oilfield development.
    Forcasting Production Rate Based on Largest Lyapunov Exponent
    ZHU Yi-dong LI Yu-lin HUANG Bing-guang et al
    2005, 27(3):  32-33.  DOI: 10.3863/j.issn.1000-2634.2008.03.011
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    Traditional forcasting method is to establish subjective model of data series firstly, then calculate and forecast according to subjective model. With the development of chaotic science, it doesn't have to establish subjective model beforehand, but forecasts directly and subjectivity of forecasting can be avoided by objective laws(as Lyapunov exponent etc.) calculated by data series themselves. The method put forward by this paper applies small data series, almost utilizes all available data information, and can calculate accurate lyapunov exponent. Results show that the method is credible with small calculation amount, easy operation relatively, high precision, and is able to get maximal forecasting time.
    Development and Application of Software for Reservoir Numerical Modeling and Result Handling
    LIAN Zhang-gui BIAN Wan-jiang LIU Jia-yuan et al
    2005, 27(3):  34-36.  DOI: 10.3863/j.issn.1000-2634.2008.03.012
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    Software for Reservoir numerical modeling and result handling was developed . The reservoir numerical modeling includes 3DGeological modeling and fluid property and production schedule modeling，and the reservoir numerical result-handling is for flexible computation data picking-up and mapping. The software is powerful and with many advantages, such as with fast 3DGeological modeling, flexible interbed handling, computation data picking-up as a batch, and random 3D profile cutting-out. From 1992 on, the software has been written, modified and applied to practice all the time. Up to now, the software has been used to most reservoir simulations in Tarim Oilfield Company, and played a key role in the oilfield's production programming and stimulation research.
    Application and Evaluation of a New Material Balance Method for Super High Pressure Oil (Gas) Reservoirs
    TIAN Wen-zhong SUN Lei SUN Liang-tian et al
    2005, 27(3):  37-40.  DOI: 10.3863/j.issn.1000-2634.2008.03.013
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    Based on the previous research, the author made extensive analysis and application appraisements are made about a new material balance method of super high-pressure oil (gas) reservoirs to calculate reserves and predict performance. Differ from the traditional material balance; this method needs no restrictions on fluid composition, pressure gradient, water influx or constant pore volume assumption. Especially, the new method accounts for volatilized-oil and retrograde condensate. Through bringing in the volatilized-oil and oil-gas phases equilibrium calculation, it is applicable to the full range of fluids, including ordinary reservoirs, volatile-oils and super high pressure gas condensate reservoirs. By means of case study, it is proved to be adaptable and accurate to super high pressure condensate reservoirs.
    Effects of Fracture Damage on Well Productivity
    JIAO Guo-yinga ZHAO Li-qianga LIU Ping-lia et al
    2005, 27(3):  41-43.  DOI: 10.3863/j.issn.1000-2634.2008.03.014
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    In the fracture well of the casing perforation, the fracture was damaged, that is the choked fracture and fluid leak-off damage. An analyzable method was introduced to study the effects of fracture damages on fractured well productivity. The results indicated both can greatly decrease productivity index while choked fracture had more side effects on well productivity. Some measurements must be taken to minish choked fracture and decrease fracture fluid leak off.
    Research and Application of Oil Well Interval Pumping Technology in Low Permeable Reservoir
    TANG Xin YANG Zhao-zhong LI Xiu-jin et al
    2005, 27(3):  44-48.  DOI: 10.3863/j.issn.1000-2634.2008.03.015
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    Operation of the rod pump systems of the Third Recovery Plant in Changqing Oilfiled were analyzed. After the analyzing interval pumping mechanism, combining the law of flow through porous medical of low permeable reservoir, the law of interval pumping was studied, under the condition of no decrease of the production rate. The interval pumping cycle was determined through the practical and theoretical study, so that the problems of the low production rate and low efficiency wells were solved and better benefit was obtained.
    The Domestic and Abroad Situation and the Latest Development of Hydrocarbon-Water-Phase Equilibria
    SHI De-pei SUN Lei LI Dong-ping et al
    2005, 27(3):  49-53.  DOI: 10.3863/j.issn.1000-2634.2008.03.016
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    With the development of gas reservoir and gas condensate reservoir, the conventional study method of hydrocarbonwater phase behavior neglected the existence of water. Actually, with the advance of exploration and development for nature gas resource, the number of peculiar gas reservoir is increasing, such as unconventional high temperature、high pressure and low permeability gas reservoir. So high water content becomes a problem. In abroad, the phase behavior study for hydrocarbonwater phase behavior is becoming more and more important. Some achievements have challenged the conventional theory and method of hydrocarbon phase behavior. This paper discusses the newest study directions and achievements of hydrocarbonwater phase behavior from experiment facilities to study mechanisms, and presents some results achieved on gas condensate reservoir phase analysis with gaseous stratigraphic water, so that the petroleum engineers can use them to guide the oil and gas fields development.
    Research and Application of Acidizing Treatment Technology in Niu 35 Block of Shengli Oilfield
    ZHAO Lei;HU Yong-quan ZHANG Ding-yong et al
    2005, 27(3):  54-56.  DOI: 10.3863/j.issn.1000-2634.2008.03.017
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    Considering the characteristics of small pore throat radius, high mud content and tiny hole development in Niu 35 Block of Shengli Oilfield, the acidizing experiments in lab have been conducted by use of several kinds of acidizing fluids, including merchandise acid, hydrochloric acids and mud acid fluids with different concentrations. Results have shown that medium-concentration hydrochloric acids and mud acid fluid have a good comprehensive acidizing effects, 1.5% XFZ1 is used as iron-ion stabilizer, 4% CHG as mutual solvent and 1%～2% NH4Cl as clay stabilizer. The determined acidizing fluid formulation has better properties, such as low surface tension and corrosion rate. In oilfield treatment, ideal acidizing effects have been made by combining artificial lift technology with liquid CO2.
    油气化学工程与化工
    Microbial Huff and Puff Field Test and Effectiveness Analysis in Keramayi Oilfield
    WU Hai-yana ZHANG Ting-shana LAN Guang-zhia et al
    2005, 27(3):  57-59.  DOI: 10.3863/j.issn.1000-2634.2008.03.018
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    Asphaltene in viscous oil components constitute the majority in Kelamayi Oilfield, one suitable microbien is selected to effectively treat viscous oil in Kelamayi by means of indoor bacteria research method and the bacteria can remarkably decrease asphaltene of viscous oil.Field test effect of microbial huff and puff showed that the treats are 100% effective so that six wells produce more oil and the cumulative incremental oil is 936.883t, acquiring obvious economic benefits. The technology provides a simple and friendly new method to environment to enhance oil recovery for Xinjiang Oilfield after viscous oil steam huff and puff.
    Research Development of Methanol Synthesis Reaction Process
    FAN Jian-ming ZHU Lin LIU Jin
    2005, 27(3):  60-63.  DOI: 10.3863/j.issn.1000-2634.2008.03.019
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    Research development of methanol synthesis reaction process both abroad and home has been introduced in this article. It includes: progress in direct conversion of methane to methanol in liquid phase, unsteady-state in fixed bed reactor process under flow reversal mode, fluidized-bed process, membrane reaction, carbon dioxide hydrogenation, super critical synthesize methanol reactor, advance in direct conversion of methane to methanol etc. And merits and defects of each one have been briefly reviewed. The importance of research on methanol synthesize process has been put forward in order to lower production cost of methanol equipment in our country and boost up international competing ability.
    石油机械工程及其它
    Research of Seal Equipment of the Rotary Control Head
    LIU Qing-you YANG Qi-ming HE Xia et al
    2005, 27(3):  64-65(6.  DOI: 10.3863/j.issn.1000-2634.2008.03.020
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    As the key part of the rotary control head's bearing assembly, the capability of the rotary dynamic seal equipment effects on the using life of the rotary control head. According to the existing problems of the rotary control head, the design of the new rotary control head on the basis of status analysis was described. This new equipment can be used in different pressure and self-correct seal pressure along with the pressure in the bottom of the well. The using life of the seal equipment was increased and its security was improved.
    Modal Analysis of Drilling Rig under Ambient Excitation
    WANG Ying ZHAO Zhen-jun NING Jian-guo
    2005, 27(3):  66-68.  DOI: 10.3863/j.issn.1000-2634.2008.03.021
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    According to testing modal analysis and spectrum analysis theories, the frequency response curves of ZJ70D drilling rig were obtained by means of dynamic testing in operational conditionals only using the ambient excitation's response, and the first 20 orders natural frequency were identified. The result of the testing indicated that the rotary was the major factor of causing the vibratory of rig derrick and substructure，and oblique upright were weak link of total system. Current vibration problem can be remitted by improving the concentricity of rotary and square-drive master bushing.
    Evaluation and Application Analysis on Fault Serious Degree of Transmission Pipeline
    LIAO Ke-xi YAO An-lin ZHANG Huai-xin et al
    2005, 27(3):  69-71.  DOI: 10.3863/j.issn.1000-2634.2008.03.022
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    External interference, construction defect, material failure, corrosion, and ground movement are the initial causes that bring on the failure of transmission pipeline. The reliability of transmission pipeline system lies on the failure probability. The effect of failure was described by the fault serious degree. Appling the theory of fuzzy integrated judgment to analyse the fault serious degree, it can be divided into fatal, severe, generic and light etc. The failure probability, effects on the reliability of pipeline system, the cost of maintain composes the factor classes, there are some different factors in each factor class. Many influencing factors of pipeline's failure were considered in the fuzzy integrated judgment, and it avoided the disadvantage of judgment result, which only used the failure probability to evaluate the fault serious degree of transmission pipeline.
    Fuzzy Analysis on Corrosion Fault Tree of Buried Gas Pipeline
    YI Yun-bing YAO An-lin LI You-lu et al
    2005, 27(3):  72-75.  DOI: 10.3863/j.issn.1000-2634.2008.03.023
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    Corrosion is one of main factors that make buried gas pipeline leak and burst. In this paper, based on the systems analysis of corrosive failure factors of buried gas pipeline, the fault tree of corrosive failure of buried gas pipeline was forward. In addition, on the basis of the theory of corrosion of gas pipeline and the theory of the fault tree fuzzy analysis, factors of corrosive failure of buried gas pipeline were analyzed and each order minimum set was obtained. Finally, some key factors in corrosive failure of buried gas pipeline was also gotten. A practical example indicated that the method is so flexible and adaptive that it is more corresponded to engineering practice and further to improve the traditional fault tree analysis method.
    Calculating Methods of Friction Losses with Transient Flow in Pipe
    CEN Kang LI Chang-jun LIAO Ke-xi et al
    2005, 27(3):  76-80.  DOI: 10.3863/j.issn.1000-2634.2008.03.024
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    The traditional quasi-steady friction model can not be accurately described the real transient problems in transient pipe flow. The conventional quasi-steady friction model and the historical approaches proposed for improving the numerical modeling of transient events was summarized in the paper. The solutions of the several unsteady friction models with the well-known method of characteristics were presented. The models were verified for turbulent flows and the unsteady friction models indicated better agreement between measured and computed pressure heads than the conventional quasi-steady friction model. And finally, the more accurate unsteady friction models were applied to simulate transient pipe flow in other pipelines such as crude oil and product oil pipelines.