Table of Content

20 October 2003, Volume 25 Issue 5

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地质勘探

MICROBIAL DEGRADATION INFLUENCES ON HEAVE OIL CHARACTERS

ZHANG Ting-shan REN Ming-zhong;LAN Guang-zhi WANG Hong-juan JIANG Zhao-yong

2003, 25(5):  1-1–4.  DOI: 10.3863/j.issn.1000-2634.2003.05.01

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Degradation of oil is a most important part of the MEOR. This procedure can reduce the oil’s viscidity and freezing point and improve the oil’s fluxion in-situ. This paper shows the encouraging results of the microbial degradation on the heave oils gathered from several big oil fields in China. The results show that the bacteria can efficiently improve the property of the oils. The gum & asphalt content of the oils are lowered at above 9% and their structure is also changed a bit. The∑nC21-/∑ nC22+of the oils are enhanced through the microbial treatments and the shapes of oils in solution are changed greatly. The oils’ viscidity and freezing point are reduced about 15% and 20% respectively.

STUDYING ON CALCULATING METHOD OF THE FORMATION PORE PRESSURE FOR CARBONATE ROCK PROFILE

XIA Hong-quan LIU Zhi-di CHEN Ping ZHANG Zhi-yong

2003, 25(5):  5-7.  DOI: 10.3863/j.issn.1000-2634.2003.05.02

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This paper, based on the equivalent-depth method’s basic principle, focuses on discussing about setting up the normal compaction trend curve for carbonate rock profile, and predicts the formation pore pressure of the carbonate rock profile’s fracture-pore reservoir of Feixianguan interval on the east of SiChuan by making use of the setting up of normal compaction trend function of. The result shows the validity of the equivalent-depth method to predict the formation pore pressure of carbonate rock profile.


SR ISOTOPE’S ANALYSIS OF THE PALEOGENE OF DONGPU DEPRESSION

SHI Zhong-sheng CHEN Kai-yuan DU Xue-qing LIU Bao-jun LIU Gang HE Hu-jun

2003, 25(5):  8-8–11.  DOI: 10.3863/j.issn.1000-2634.2003.05.03

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Geochemistry behavior and character of Sr isotope were mainly introduced in this paper. Based on the trait of sedimentary environment, the character of Sr isotope of Paleogene of Dongpu depression was analyzed. The results have indicated the value of　⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr are generally higher and exceed the marine. So the paper concluded the Dongpu saline is a continental lake and the content of　⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr are mainly controlled by the silicon-aluminium rock whose　⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr(0.720±0.005) is very high. At the same time, the climate of Paleogene of this area was also analyzed in this paper, which indicated it was the half-drought and half-humid climate from E上4to Es上3and it got more drought from Es3上to Es1.


THE APPLICATION OF THE FUZZY JUDGMENT METHOD IN THE GEOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF TRAP

FAN Jing-liang HUANG Zhi-quan QIAN Zheng OU Yang-hua

2003, 25(5):  12-15.  DOI: 10.3863/j.issn.1000-2634.2003.05.04

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The article deals with a way to evaluate the possibility of trapped oil and gas by making use of the fuzzy judgment method. When a trap is assessed by way of the fuzzy judgment, the result of the geological evaluation of trap is quantified, for that the different geological factors have a different effect on the possibility of trapped oil and gas is taken into account. The way, therefore, can give exploration, plan, arrangement directions timely and rapidly and provide the more accurate goals. In 2001,the practice of the Huabei oil field proved that the way is scientific, reasonable, feasible, economical.


SEQUENCE FEATURE OF SAND3IN QIANLIYUAN ANNULAR SUB-DEPRESSION AND THE DISTRIBUTION LAW OF LITHOLOGIC RESERVOIRS

WANG Shi-kun XU Ju-zhen;WANG Yu-xiao LIU Shu

2003, 25(5):  16-18.  DOI: 10.3863/j.issn.1000-2634.2003.05.05

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Based on analyzing the sequence interface, studying sequence stratigraphy division and system realm of Sand 3 of Paleogene, Qianliyuan annular sub-depression, several sequence stratigraphic patterns were constructed in this paper. It also made study on sedimentary facies, the distribution law of sand body and lithologic reservoir, thus presented new thoughts for lithologic reservoir exploration in Qianliyuan annular sub-depression.


THE STUDY OF THE RESERVOIR ANISOTROPY IN THE UPPER GUANTAO FORMATION IN CHENGDAO OIL FIELD

YANG Peng-fei ZHANG Lei LI Da-wei

2003, 25(5):  19-19–22.  DOI: 10.3863/j.issn.1000-2634.2003.05.06

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Based on the analyzing of the internal rhythmicity, inter layer differences, sandbody continuity in plane, quantity evaluation of interlayer and micro-pore structures of the reservoir in the upper Guantao formation (Ng)in Chengdao oil field, the first very large oil field in shallow-very shallow sea of China. The macro and micro anisotropy of Ng has been studied. The result indicates there is close relation with micro-facies and the development of the sand bodies. Four types of Pore structure model of this formation has also been built, which is very useful for the development and adjustment of Ng oil pools of this oil field.


A STUDY ON PETROLEUM ACCUMULATION OF DEEP STRATA IN BAIJU DEPRESSION OF SUBEI BASIN

LIU Cheng-lin;ZHU Xiao-min FEI An-wei ZHU Yu-xin ZHANG Ying

2003, 25(5):  23-25.  DOI: 10.3863/j.issn.1000-2634.2003.05.07

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The study is made up of 4 parts, which are organic facies, Secondary hydrocarbon generation mechanism, hydrocarbon generation history, and reservoir formation analyses. First, organic facies of hydrocarbon source rock are divided into B, B1 and D facies, i.e., the S1g belongs to B facies while P1q B1 facies. Second, secondary hydrocarbon generation model is made by hydrocarbon thermal simulation. Third, through basin modeling, hydrocarbon generation history is divided into 4 phases, which are Caledonian, Hercynian-Indonsinian, Yanshanian, Late Yanshanian-Himalayan. In the end, reservoir formation models are constructed in Baiju depression of Subei basin: one is upper reservoir formation model,the other is lower.


石油工程

DRAW DOWN WELL TEST ANALYSIS OF GAS-CONDENSATE WELL CONSIDERING THE INFLUENCE OF ADSORPTION

HUANG Quan-hua LI Shi-lun SUN Lei GUO Ping

2003, 25(5):  27-30.  DOI: 10.3863/j.issn.1000-2634.2003.05.08

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For well-test of condensate-gas well, the method of dry-gas well’s single phase pseudo-pressure is continued to use usually. Or the influence of porous media adsorption of condensate-gas and oil is not considered in the procedure of analysis. But many experiments and theoretical studies indicate that porous media adsorption has great influence on the percolation of condensate gas and oil. A mathematical model of transient well-test analysis is developed in this paper on the basis of differential equations of percolation of condensate gas and oil which considered the influence of adsorption. The influence of porous media adsorption is taken into account directly in the model. Approaches of draw down test interpretation are given in multiple outer boundary conditions. The effective permeability of well test analysis will decrease, skin factor will increase, effective leakage radius and controllable reserves of well will decrease too on the condition of reservoir as against the condition of not considering porous media adsorption. These are verified by example studies. For those gas-condensate reservoirs, which heavy hydrocarbon contents are higher and porosities are lower, the influence of porous media adsorption would be more apparent. The researches of this paper indicate that porous media interfacial phenomena have great influence on the laws of gas-condensate reservoirs’ percolation and well-test analysis. The influence can’t be neglected.


RESEARCH ON A NEW TYPE OF PRODUCTION RATE DECLINE CURVE

LI Chun-lan HAN Shu-gang CHENG Lin-song

2003, 25(5):  31-33.  DOI: 10.3863/j.issn.1000-2634.2003.05.09

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Based on evaluating the H production rate decline curve, this paper focuses on the curve’s limitations and adjusts it by theory derivation. A new type of production rate decline curve, which accords with the conservation principle, and its decline factor solution are shown in this paper. The H production rate decline curve and adjusted curve are then used to predict the production of a fractured horizontal gas well in the stage of production rate decline. Finally, a match analysis is used between the results of this calculation and numerical simulation. The results show that on the one hand the new decline curve suggested by this paper keeps the merit of the H decline curve of linking smoothly between initial decline period and production-ascending period or stable production period, on the other hand it makes up the defect of the H decline curve of producing large prediction error when the decline time-point 0 cannot be decided precisely. By using this new method, the prediction precision is enhanced, and the application scope is enlarged. This new type of production rate decline curve can be used in practical prediction calculation.


DEVELOPMENT AND PROSPECT ON ADSORPTION MECHANISM OF COALBED METHANE IN COAL SEAMS

OU Cheng-hua LI Shi-lun DU Jian-fen DENG Kui

2003, 25(5):  34-38.  DOI: 10.3863/j.issn.1000-2634.2003.05.10

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The technical overview on the developing process on adsorption mechanism of coalbed methane in coal seams at home and abroad was described, and presented the main problems and difficulties faced in this field now, and a practicable developing aim of the field in the future. An advantage way on study adsorption mechanism of coalbed methane in coal seams was both by experiment and by theoretic simulation, accurate experiment simulating the characteristics exist in real coal seams was the first way to reveal the adsorption mechanism of coal seams, andtheoretic adsorption coincidence with the experiment data was the other way, and the couple of ways was the key to coalbed methane adsorption.

OPTIMAL CONTROLLING DEVELOPMENT OF RESERVOIR WITH NEURAL NETWORKS

XIAO Wei DU Jun-huai LIU Qian-yun

2003, 25(5):  39-42.  DOI: 10.3863/j.issn.1000-2634.2003.05.11

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It is a key project how to control optimally the injection development of the oilfield and to predict its indexes by seeing through the exploring phenomena to grasp the essence. This paper described the principles that the usage of the function of neural network stimulated the process of the oilfield development and identified the parameters in the oilfield system so as to achieve the complex functional relation among the exploring indexes. An example was provided to indicate the efficient how to apply this principle for predicting the indexes.


METHOD RESEARCH OF DETERMINING OPTIMUM WELL LOCATION FOR HORIZONTAL WELL IN EDGE WATER DRIVE RESERVOIR

ZHANG Yong SHEN Yan-lai YANG Zhai

2003, 25(5):  43-45.  DOI: 10.3863/j.issn.1000-2634.2003.05.12

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Horizontal well’s reasonable location is the key to keep high and steady production and to prolong producing time without water in edge-water drive reservoir with closed boundary vertically. Using mirror effect and superposition principle of potential function, this paper derives the potential function at arbitrary point in edge-water drive reservoir with closed boundary vertically and acquires the potential difference in horizontal well bore and well’s production equation. Then it researches the factors affecting production, critical production and water break- through time and acquires the optimum well location for horizontal well in edge-water drive reservoir with closed boundary vertically. It provides the theory base for developing reasonably edge-water drive reservoir with closed boundary vertically with horizontal well.


TRACKING OPTIMUM DEVELOPMENT BY WATER INJECTION AND ACHIEVE EFFECT IN CHENGDAO OILFIELD

ZHANG Sheng-li HUANG Yong-mei NIU Ming-chao ZHU Kai

2003, 25(5):  46-48.  DOI: 10.3863/j.issn.1000-2634.2003.05.13

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Guantao system of Chengdao reservoir in Shenli oil field is a river sedimentary faces, high permeability, high saturation, viscous crude and loose sandstone reservoir. According to the design and the numerical simulation of this reservoir, it would get the best development effect and the economic benefit if the change for water injection was applied in the Guantao system when the reservoir pressure decreased to the saturation pressure. Because the change for water injection was lagged for about two years and the reservoir was in its depletion drive stage, the timing of water injection designed formerly and the injection-production ratio 1:1 were not adapt to the actual reservoir situations. On the basis of the farther cognition of the formation growing and the development characterization in the Guantao system, the tracking numerical simulation is used to optimize and consummate the water injection technique policy in Guantao system of Chengdao oil field. Through intensifying the tracking analysis and adjusting duly after the water injection was applied, a better effect will be gotten in the water injection development.


PRACTICE FOR IMPROVING THE RECOVERY DURING THE SUPER-HIGH WATER CUTIN DONGXIN OIL FIELD

TANG Bo ZHOU Jie ZHANG Ping ZHOU Jun

2003, 25(5):  49-53.  DOI: 10.3863/j.issn.1000-2634.2003.05.14

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The management-level and enhanced recovery of the complicated fault block oil field were restricted seriously by the complication of structure, the heterogeneity of reservoir properties and the great difference of fluid properties. The development potentialities for the reservoir of the high and low permeability were influenced directly by the fuzzy formation concept and the rude formation division. Since 1997, the Dongxin Oil Production Plant of Shengli Oil Field has used many methods, including subdivision of formation, supplementary injection for the formation which did not have enough injection, and unsteady water-injection, toadjust synthetically the development pattern of the Xin-16 Fault Block. Based on the above measures, the recoverable oil reserve is increased 560,000 ton. The recovery was enhanced to 37.79% from 32.55%. And a complete set of mating techniques and methods were put forward to enhance the recovery for the complicated fault block oil field which is in the stage of super-high water cut. These methodsprovided in this paper will have an important guidance and reference meaning in enhancing the recovery of the complicated fault block oil field


EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE CHANGE ON FORMATION STABILITY AND SAND PRODUCTION

LIU Xiang-jun HE Xiang-qing YAN Jian-jun LUO Ping-ya LIAN Zhang-hua

2003, 25(5):  54-56.  DOI: 10.3863/j.issn.1000-2634.2003.05.15

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The Stress distributions inside formation caused by temperature change were computed through simplified 2-dimension finite element model. The paper studied the possible effects of various kinds of operation on sand production through stress changes. The results indicated that stability of wellface and surrounding formation probably decreased with the increment of
the temperature, but increased flow ability of oil. So it is contradictory to keep formation stable and increase flow ability of oil.


PLUGGING EFFECTS OF DRILLING FLUID AND COMPLETION FLUID ON FRACTURED FORMATION BY MUD FILTER PRESS

LI Chun-xia HUANG Jin-jun CUI Mao-rong.

2003, 25(5):  57-59.  DOI: 10.3863/j.issn.1000-2634.2003.05.16

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Current borehole evaluation methods such as mud shale specific area measuring method, mud shale hydration swelling measuring method, drilling fluid cake compressibility evaluation method and so on are suitable for shale formation collapse. Whereas there is no a feasible evaluation method on how to stabilize fracture formation and crack strata .Plugging effects of drilling fluid and completion fluid on fractured formation have been evaluated by mud filter press 387-42 and results have show that it is a effective method for evaluating drilling fluid and completion fluid in the oilfield.


油气化学工程与化工

DECOMPOSITION RATE CONSTANT OF OXIDATION REDUCTION INITIATION SYSTEMS IN FREE RADICAL POLYMERIZATION

TANG Shu-zhong LIU Jin YANG Xu

2003, 25(5):  60-63.  DOI: 10.3863/j.issn.1000-2634.2003.05.17

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The initiation reaction of sulfite (SO₃^2-) and persulfacte (S₂O₈^2-) system in acrylamide polymerization has been studied in this paper. Results has indicated that the mole ratio of reductant to oxidant in initiation system influences remarkably on the decomposition rate constant and the polymerization rate. When the mole ratio of SO₃^2- to S₂O₈^2- is 6.7/10 at 30℃, the decomposition rate constant of initiation system and the polymerization rate of acrylamide have reached their maximums respectively. The law that the decomposition rate constant changes with the mole ratio of reductant to oxidant in the initiation system has been discovered. The range of value of the decomposition rate constant has been presented. The catalysis was considered as a reason that the decomposition rate constant changes with the mole ratio of reductant to oxidant in initiation system.


REACTION MECHANISM AND CHARACTERIZATION OF A SUPER ABSORBENT RESIN OF CELLULOSE /AM/AA

ZHOU Ming PU Wan-fen YANG Yan ZHAO Jin-zhou

2003, 25(5):  64-66.  DOI: 10.3863/j.issn.1000-2634.2003.05.18

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Reaction mechanism of a super absorbent resin (SAR) of cellulose/AM/AA, with (NH4)2Ce(No3)6as Initiator, has been studied, which is free radical mechanism that contains the process of chain initiation, chain growth, chain ending and oxidation. Identifying SAR by infrared spectroscopy (IR), the advent of characteristic peak has indicated that AA and AM have grafted on the chain of cellulose. Graft effectiveness of the SAR is determined with the method of bromine (Br) and up to 76%.


APPLICATION OF MEMBRANE SEPARATION TECHNOLOGIES IN OIL AND GAS INDUSTRIES

SHUI Lei-lei LIU Jin BU Ji-yong

2003, 25(5):  67-70.  DOI: 10.3863/j.issn.1000-2634.2003.05.19

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The application of membrane separation technology in oil and gas industry has been summarized in this paper. With the development of petroleum and natural gas processing, the demands for the separation operation is becoming higher and higher. Membrane separation technology has popularized rapidly in oil and gas industry as a sort of newly chemical separation unit operation.


石油机械工程及其它

COMPOSITE WELDING OF THE DIAMOND AND TUNGSTEN CARBIDE

HUANG Ben-sheng LI Xi-ping LIU Qing-you

2003, 25(5):  71-73.  DOI: 10.3863/j.issn.1000-2634.2003.05.20

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It studied that diamonds were encircle-melted by the thick metal alloy in the special methods, producing the diamond and tungsten carbide composite welding rod. Heap-welding tests indicated: the encircle-melted diamonds avoided high temperature burn loses, the good weld-ability, and the resisting wear of the diamond was used effectively.


ANALYSIS AND DESIGN WITH FEM FOR RUBBER PIS- TON MEMBRANE USED IN PNEUMATIC BRAKES

HUANG Zhi-qiang LI Qin LIU De-ming LI Guo-zhong REN Jie ZHANG Mi XIANG Zhen

2003, 25(5):  74-77.  DOI: 10.3863/j.issn.1000-2634.2003.05.21

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According to the requirement of performance of the rubber piston membrane of pneumatic brakes in drilling well technology, with the finite element analysis(FEM) software ANSYS to study material selection, the profile and structure design, respectively, 3-D model of newly designed rubber piston membrane , such aspects as form, structure, and material of the rubber piston membrane of pneumatics brakes were definite, and 3-D model of newly designed rubber piston membrane was given . The corresponding contrastive experiment indicated that the service life of newly designed rubber piston membrane was improved greatly and each term of the performance of test piece in concert with the result drawn by FEM software.


DISCUSS OF CONTRIBUTION FACTORS OF SUCKER ROD TORSIONAL VIBRATION

ZHU Xiao-hua LIU Qing-you LI Fei LIU Fu TONG Hua

2003, 25(5):  78-80.  DOI: 10.3863/j.issn.1000-2634.2003.05.22

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On the basis of analyzing the failure forms of the sucker rod, the existence of the torsional vibration of the sucker rod was approved and its reason was found out. The up and down boundary and condition of the torsional vibration of the sucker rod was established in the light of the results. It provided the theoretical supports for the torsional analysis and its failure of the sucker rod.


ANALYSIS OF SMALL-TOWN GASIFYING THROUGH THE JUN-LIAN COUNTY CIVIL NATURAL GAS ENGINEERING

LIANG Guang-chuan ZHENG Yun-ping LI You-lu GU Xiao-ping ZHONG Zhen-hua AN Jian-chuan

2003, 25(5):  81-83.  DOI: 10.3863/j.issn.1000-2634.2003.05.23

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In this paper, the construction situation, the technology flow sheet, the key technique and the instrument as well as the economic evaluation of Junlian county civil natural gas engineering were introduced. On the basis of them, the problems of the small-town gasification were analysed in view of the features of China small town. Some suggestions about the small-town gasification were raised ,especially the thought of using” Parent station and subsidiary stations” was presented to have solved the gasification of several towns at the same time.


ANALYSIS OF THE SYSTEM OF PETROLEUM EXPLORATION & EXPLOITATION CONSTRUCTION OBJECT

LIU Xian-tao DING Ying HE Jing GAO Jun LI Yu-zhi

2003, 25(5):  84-86.  DOI: 10.3863/j.issn.1000-2634.2003.05.24

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The assessment of the project is one of the important parts in the management of the petroleum exploration & exploitation construction project. It is also an important one in improving the scientific decision-making of the project. The paper first analyzed the theories and methods of the assessment of the petroleum exploration & exploitation construction project. Then it further dealt with the basis of the assessment of the project from the four sections as the pre-assessment of the project, ongoing assessment of the project, post-assessment of the project and the assessment of the technological renovation project, on which a new project assessment system was established. In contrast to the traditional one, as pointed out in the paper, the new system was added with the ongoing-assessment of the project. Furthermore, the new assessment system is also applicable to other big and medium-sized construction project.