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    20 April 2001, Volume 23 Issue 2
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    地质勘探
    APPLICATION OF SEQUENTIAL INDICATOR SIMULATION METHOD TO DELINEATING SEDIMENTARY MICROFACIES
    FENG Guo-qing LI Yun LIN Zuo-hua et al
    2001, 23(2):  1-4.  DOI: 10.3863/j.issn.1000-2634.2001.02.001
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    Correctly delineating sedimentary microfacies provides guidance to the study of reservoir heterogeneity and distribution of reservoir parameters. However, traditionally the determination of the boundary of sedimentary microfacies largely relies on the researchers' experiences and thus tends to be subjective. In this work, the Sequential Indicator Simulation Method is used to solve the problem. With the method, equi- probabilistic models of distribution of microfacies in the plan can be obtained. When integrated with the experience of geological researchers, this approach not only demonstrates the variation of microfacies, but also minimizes the uncertainty of models due to the lack of data. Application of the method to the S2-2 layer in X oil field has shown satisfactory results.

    THE LATEST FAULT-FOLD STRUCTURE AND PETROLEUM PROSPECT IN THE NORTHERN FOOTHILL BELT OF LONGMEN MOUNTAIN SYSTEM
    HU Shou-quan GUO Wen-ping TONG Chong-guang
    2001, 23(2):  5-8(39.  DOI: 10.3863/j.issn.1000-2634.2001.02.002
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    The formation of Longmen mountain system is duo to the faulting-folding on the Upper Yangtz platform in late Mesozoic-Cenozoic. The western Sichuan fault-depression belongingb to the foreland basin of Longmen mountain system is a composite oil-gas province that consists of platform-type marine sediment and foreland-type continental deposit. The maturity of latest (NQ) fault-fold structure controls the development of structural traps in the foothill belt and the formation of fissured gas pools. Oil and gas accumulations on the Tianjingshan paleo-uplift formed in late Indosinian were destroyed as a result of intensive activities of the latest faulting-folding. Zhaohua area in Guangyuan county, at the NE pinching end of Tianjingshan paleo-uplift, is a favorable oil-gas accumulation belt because there developed a buried fault system and its accompanying fold group. And MianyangJiangyouAnxian area, at the SW pinching end of Tianjingshan paleo- uplift, is a favorable district to
    prospect middle and shallow secondary gas-pools as where is the conjunction of NE-trending and NW-trending deep faults.


    THE STUDY ON RECOGNIZING OOLID RESERVOIR FROM WELL LOGGING INFORMATION
    XIA Hong-quan YANG Huabin ZHU Shi-jun et al
    2001, 23(2):  9-13.  DOI: 10.3863/j.issn.1000-2634.2001.02.003
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    Based on well logging response characteristic of oolid reservoir and electrical- lithologic database from log parameters of lithology, automatic classifying formation is realized. By gray conjunction method, oolid formation of each well profile is identified and the log recognition pattern for oolid reservoir is estab-
    lished by combining reservoir parameters and then the programs is developed. The application shows that this method has higher resolution and is able to classify oolid reservoirs of thicker than 0.5 meter and improves the prediction precision in vertical and horizontal direction.


    STUDY OF THE PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS OF INJECTION AND PRODUCTION ON IGNEOUS-ROCK RESERVOIRS
    WU You-jia
    2001, 23(2):  14-18.  DOI: 10.3863/j.issn.1000-2634.2001.02.004
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    Igneous-rock reservoirs in China are mainly distributed in XinJiang, where they have been under water injection recovery for several years. Performance data show that these reservoirs are characterized by: great variation in productivity among oil wells, quick decline of producing ability for both oil wells and oil
    field, non-existence of a stable production period, and marked difference in absorption capacity among injection wells. Furthermore, during injection production, a few producing wells would experience severe water channeling or be quickly flooded out while most other wells would not witness injection effect for a long time. And the oil recovery is typically around 813%. All
    these are consistent with the geological character of well-developed fractures and strong heterogeneity of the reservoirs. In accordance with such characteristics, it is strongly suggested that in the development of these reservoirs water injection be carefully planned, more attention be given to the management of the high-production wells, and water injection into the well
    groups experiencing severe water channeling be terminated or kept at interval.

    RESEARCH ON WATER FLOOD OF THE FRACTURED A-BEI ANDESITE RESERVOIR
    SONG She-min HUANG Zhe
    2001, 23(2):  19-21.  DOI: 10.3863/j.issn.1000-2634.2001.02.005
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    The A-Bei andesite reservoir was formed as a result of three phases of volcanic extrusions, and it exhibits characteristics of a typical double-porosity system. During waterflood recovery, the water cut increased very fast and production declined quickly as a consequence of injected water channeling a-
    long fractures. To cope with this problem, detailed studies on the regularity of fracture occurrences were carried out and,based on the information gained, five kinds of waterflood plans were designed and altogether 13 different programs were performed. The FIFS reservoir numerical simulation software is
    used to optimize the programs. The proposed measures include
    "injection along fractures and production from matrix blocks" and "periodical injection and overall adjustment of injection profile with chemical agents". After six years of performance, the water cut is decreased by 4%, the cumulative increase of oil production is 4. 2×104 t, and the recovery is increased by 2.5%. The knowledge and experience gained from this work
    may provide useful reference for the injection program of similar reservoirs.

    石油工程
    THE APPLICATION OF CONTINUATION ALGORITHM TO CALCULATION OF PHASE EQUILIBRIUM OF RESERVOIR FLUIDS
    WANG Jin-xun LI Shi-lun LIU Yu-hui
    2001, 23(2):  22-24.  DOI: 10.3863/j.issn.1000-2634.2001.02.006
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    Continuation ( orHomotopy) method was applied to calculate the dew-point pressures of four gas condensate systems under reservoir temperatures in comparing with Newton iterative method and Broyden method. The effects of initial iteration pressures on the convergence of dew-point pressures were
    studied based on the results from the three different methods.The Peng and Robinson equation of state was used for all calculations. The results showed that continuation method is an efficient algorithm for the phase equilibrium calculations of reservoirfluids.

    STUDY ON THE PHASE-STATE RESTORARION OF GAS CONDENSATE RESERVOIRS
    GUO Ping SUN Lei SONG Wen-jie et al
    2001, 23(2):  25-29.  DOI: 10.3863/j.issn.1000-2634.2001.02.007
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    PVT data of gas condensate reservoir provide important parameters for reservoir numerical modeling and recovery planing. For various reasons, however, representative PVT samples of the initial development phase are often not available. Phasestate restoration is one of the methods usually used to solve this problem; but systematic study on the theories behind phase-
    state restoration is lacking. In the present work, the general principles of phase-state restoration of gas condensate reservoirs and their application to the Yinmai Well 7 in Tarimu basin are given. After data matching, phase-state restoration was performed directly on the effluents from the well at different
    formation pressure drawdowns. Restoration was also performed on mixed separator oil and gas samples assuming the GOR of the initial production phase or assuming a formation pressure equal to the dew pressure. Comparison is made on the influence of the two types of restoration on the fluids as being representative of the initial formation fluids.

    EXPERIMENTAL EVALUATION OF CARBON DIOXIDE INJECTION FOR ENHANCED OIL RECOVERY IN LIAOHE LIGHT OIL DISTRICT
    XIONG Yu SUN Lei LI Shi-lun et al
    2001, 23(2):  30-32.  DOI: 10.3863/j.issn.1000-2634.2001.02.008
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    It is an important way to enhance oil recovery through gas injection after injecting water. The efficiency of EOR of carbon dioxide injection relates closely to the properties of crude oil.Whether carbon dioxide injection can be conducted will be decided according to PVT parameters, MMP of crude oil with
    CO2 and crude oil properties after CO2 injection. We pick 5 typical oil samples from different oil companies in Liaohe oil field study the phase behavior characterization and analyze the oil properties after the crude oil is miscible with CO2. We also measured the minimum miscible pressures of two oil samples,according to which we evaluated the crude oil properties and an-
    alyze the possibility of CO2 injection. The results showed that CO2 injection in Liaohe light oil district can enhance oil recovery, but it is difficult for crude oil to be miscible with injected CO2.

    MECHENISM OF CO2 MISCIBLE FLOODING DURING MULTIPLE CONTACT PROCEDURE
    SU Chang SUN Lei Li Shi-lu
    2001, 23(2):  33-36.  DOI: 10.3863/j.issn.1000-2634.2001.02.009
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    Nowadays, synthetic water cut in on-shore oil fields reaches 81%. Outputs begin decreasing, as a result, developing enhanced oil recovery by injecting gas becomes a tactic task for sustainable development of on-shore oil industry. The wide range application of CO2 injection based on the success of field test requires further study of mechanism of CO2 miscible flooding procedure. Though it is well known that CO2 decrease oil viscosity by swelling in it, the variation of physical parameters of each phase in the procedure of multiple contact is not well studied. In this paper, the author established a one-dimensional simulation method considering Zhong Yuan oil field to
    calculate and analyze such parameters as composition, density,viscosity and interfacial tension.
    DECLINE ANALYSIS OF GAS WELL IN EDGE WATERDRIVE GAS RESERVOIRS
    LI Xiao- ping ZHAO Bi-rong YANG Lei
    2001, 23(2):  37-39.  DOI: 10.3863/j.issn.1000-2634.2001.02.010
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    The deliverability of gas well is affected by the magnitude of aquifer energy in edge water-drive gas reservoirs, so it is of real significance to study the effect of aquifer energy on the production of gas well. In this paper, the magnitude of edge-water energy is expressed by the aquifer influx intensity, which is
    defined as the ratio of aquifer influx to well rate. The fluids flow mathematical model was set up by taking account of edge water-drive while the bottomhole pressure is constant. After solving the mathematical model, the decline curve of gas well in edge water-drive gas reservoir was plotted, based on which we
    studied the effect of both edge water-drive intensity and gas water mobility ratio on the decline curve. The results showed that the well deliverability is affected by both water drive and gas-water mobility ratio. The theory presented in this paper can be used to forecast the production of gas well in edge water-drive gas reservoir.
    ANALYSIS OF PRESSURE TRANSIENT BEHAVIORS IN ARBITRARILY SHAPED RESERVOIRS BY THE BOUNDARY ELEMENT METHOD
    LIU Qi-guo LI Xiao- ping WU Xiao- qing
    2001, 23(2):  40-43.  DOI: 10.3863/j.issn.1000-2634.2001.02.011
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    The effect of the shape of reservoir boundaries on the well-bore pressure response is evident. The conventional analytical methods can only be used to calculate wellbore pressure responsein regularly shaped reservoirs. In this paper, according to the theory of Boundary-Element Method (BEM), pressure transient solution in an arbitrarily shaped reservoir with any number
    of irregularly shaped impermeable sub-regions is proposed by Laplace domain BEM. By using Duhamel theorem, the influence of wellbore storage and skin effect on pressure transient response is considered. Then the BEM results are compared to that of analytical methods. And pressure transient behavior
    characters in arbitrary reservoir shaped are analyzed.

    QUANTITATIVE EVALUATION AND ANALYSIS OF FORMATION DAMAGE
    DUAN Yong-gang
    2001, 23(2):  44-46.  DOI: 10.3863/j.issn.1000-2634.2001.02.012
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    Skin factor is the most important parameter that diagnoses and identifies formation damage, and also reflects loss of oil well production. According to well testing assumption, the paper suggests skin factor from well testing that will be recollected and annualized, also give out calculation formulation. By examples,quantitative evaluation of formation damage is very good. It is
    feasible method that is evaluation of formation damage in drilling, completion and stimulation.

    油气化学工程与化工
    RESEARCH ON HIGH PERMEABLE CEMENT OPERATION AND SAND CONTROL CAPABILITY
    CHEN Er-ding CHEN Da-Jun LI Bin-yuan
    2001, 23(2):  47-49.  DOI: 10.3863/j.issn.1000-2634.2001.02.013
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    The experimental study on the performance and sand control capability of the high permeable cement has been conducted. Results have shown that the system has good effects in the operation and sand control. After drilling and reaming, we may pump the slurry into the expected open-hole productive zone where sand is probably produced in order to put up the initial sand control. For the oil well where sand has been produced,we may squeeze the slurry into high permeable sand after sand plug is cleaned out. It will form a high permeable artificial bore-hole after solidification in order to provide the sand control during later period. As a result, a new sand control technology is
    put forward. That is, the high permeable cement replaces some conventional completion methods such as open hole and gravel pack completion after drilling. This will be a technological innovation on open hole completion and a promising sand control technology.

    FIELD APPLICATION OF MTC CEMENT TECHNOLOGY IN ZHONGYUAN OILFIELD
    MA Jun-zhi JIA Chao-yang YAN hi-ping et al
    2001, 23(2):  50-52.  DOI: 10.3863/j.issn.1000-2634.2001.02.014
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    Mud-To-Cement (MTC) is the technology that may convert drilling fluid to cement slurry by adding cheap blast furnace slag (BFS) and stimulated agent and making use of the properties of fluid loss control and suspension of drilling fluids.As we know, ordinary cement is usually incompatible with drilling fluids and it can cause contamination of cement and has a very bad influence on the performance of cement slurry. A mud-cement system that has 1.50~1.60 g/cm3 n density has been designed. Results of tests and field application indicate that this system has advantages of good compatibility, high
    compressive strength and adjustable thickening time. In Zhongyuan oilfield, it was firstly applied in ten wells of the Third Drilling Company and got great success. In this way, the cost of cementing can be decreased greatly. Therefore this technology has been popularized in this area.
    THE DETERMINATION OF BOUND WATER BOUNDARY ON CLAY SURFACE BY INFRARED SPECTRUM
    WANG Ping-quan TAN Jing-ming CHENG Di-kui
    2001, 23(2):  53-55.  DOI: 10.3863/j.issn.1000-2634.2001.02.015
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    In accordance with wall of well-bore instability induced by bound water on clays, Infrared spectrum is utilized to determine the types and boundary line of bound water on clays, and the information about chemical-bonding in water and interaction between water and clay-mineral. The results show that
    clay-minerals adsorb water when they interact with water.The O-H's expanded and contracted frequency v will reduce along with adsorbed water content growth in hydro-clays.Theprocess that O-H's expanded and contracted frequency vchanges along with relative vapor pressure p/pshas the charac-
    teristics - fast first, slow then, fast again, and steady forever.There are two clear turning points which are p/ps=0.9, 0.98,the two turning points are the special humidity of clay-water system. The relative vapor pressure 0.9 is the boundary line between the strong bound water and the loose bound water(os
    motic bound water) on clays, the relative vapor pressure 0.98 is the boundary line between the loose bound water and free water on clays. The results are identical with Ion exchange.


    油气地面工程
    MICROSTRUCTURE ANALYSIS OF SURFACING WELDING LAYER OF CEMENTED CARBIDE ON THREE CONE BIT
    LIU Cheng-jie TANG Xiao-wen CHEN Hao et al
    2001, 23(2):  56-59.  DOI: 10.3863/j.issn.1000-2634.2001.02.016
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    In this paper, we studied the quenching and cryogenic treatment processes of WC-Co and founding tungsten carbide cemented carbide, and analyzed their microstructure and the cause of increased performance of these treatment as well as the mechanism of increased performance of these treatment. It is
    conformed that the microstructure of WC-Co cemented carbide isγ′and M7C3, M6C, W23C6carbide and founding tungsten carbide isηand M7C3, M6C, M23C6. The adhesive phase can be strengthened and the histology and the microstructure can be improved by quenching and cryogenic treatment.

    THE EVOLUTION OF DIFFERENTIAL OVERRUNNING SPEED CLUTCH AND ITS THE COMPANY COUPLER MECHANISM
    LIN Jun Wang Wei HUANG Mao-lin
    2001, 23(2):  60-61.  DOI: 10.3863/j.issn.1000-2634.2001.02.017
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    Overrunning Speed Clutch is one of the key pats in impulse Stepless Speed Regulators, and working capability depends on the control factor of its mechanism efficiency, twist moment and life-span. Aiming at the characteristic of poor dynamic-power, additional dynamic load and speed fluctuation of the
    higher pair Overrunning Speed Clutch, we put forward a new lower-pair Differential and Double Brake-block Overrun-ning Speed Clutch, and introducing the process of its evolution.The internal contact between the natural increment coefficient and brake blocks was studied, the natural increment coefficient is an important gist, which scales and distinguishes whether Differential and Double Brake-block Overrunning Speed
    Clutch can realize normal work or not. According to analyze the company coupler mechanism of Differential and Double Brake-block Overrunning Speed Clutch, we consider this kind of Overrunning Speed Clutch possesses the character functions that can pressurize through internal force. It can automatically adapt to the slight size change of output shaft in the direction of X ax-is and Y axis. So the working ability is improved.

    EFFICIENCY ANALYSIS ON THE FIELD GROUND WATER INJECTION SYSTEM
    LIANG Guang-chuan ZHENG Yun-ping PENG Zhi-xue et al
    2001, 23(2):  62-65.  DOI: 10.3863/j.issn.1000-2634.2001.02.018
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    The ground water injection systems are of the characters of low efficiency, high electricity expense in China oil fields. Improving water flood efficiency and lowering electricity expense are the key way to achieve better economic results. This paper aimed at the actual situation of water flood technology and each link of water flood system , promoted the system energy flow mode and mathematical mode, combined the practical features of ZHONG YUAN field WEI CHENG water flood system advanced the water flood efficiency judge standard ,developed the water flood efficiency analyze software. This paper also put forward some suggestions about how to improve the water flood ef-
    ficiency.

    ANALYSIS AND APPLACATION ON DISTRIBUTED BASED ON COM/DCOM COMPONENT
    JIANG Jun FAN Rui Li Yu
    2001, 23(2):  66-69.  DOI: 10.3863/j.issn.1000-2634.2001.02.019
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    The distributed computing technology is now widely used in software development, which makes the developing of large complicated network application easy. The Component Object Model- COM and Distributed Component Object Mode-DCOM technology is one of the distributed computing tech-niques presented by Microsoft. This paper analyzed the distributed computing Architecture based on COM/DCOM in detail, and summarized some implementing methods of COM/DCOM components and 3-tier client/server application. Finally, and 3-tier client/server application based on COM compo-
    nents was given.


    CARRYING OUT PROGRAM EVALUATION AND REVIEW TECHNIQUE
    LIU Xian-tao LIU Xian-feng;
    2001, 23(2):  70-71.  DOI: 10.3863/j.issn.1000-2634.2001.02.020
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    Program evaluation and review technique is a scientific method of production management and plan management. It has widely used in industry and agriculture as well as scientific research. In order to practical circumstances, we put forward to a problem of carrying out program evaluation and review technique, and discussing the definition and the classification of carrying out program evaluation and review technique on the base of present program evaluation and review technique. It gave out the solution of the program and an example. The results of analysis and calculation have proved that it is simple and convenient. It has a guidance meaning for practical work.

    OPTIMAL SOLUTION OF PROGRAMMING PROBLEM UNDER UNDEFINED CASE
    ZHANG Ji-jun
    2001, 23(2):  72-74.  DOI: 10.3863/j.issn.1000-2634.2001.02.021
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    How to define the optimal solution is the key to solving the undefined case programming, the paper pointed out a few problems to the optimal solution defined by the predecessors with practical cases, then we put forward to the new definition of solution of interval number linear programming problem.