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    20 February 2001, Volume 23 Issue 1
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    地质勘探
    SEQUENCE-PALEOGEOGRAPHIC MAPPING OF UPPER TRIASSIC XUJIAHE FORMATION AND UPPER JURASSIC PONLAIZHENG FORMATION IN WESTERN SICHUAN,CHINA
    XU Qiang ZHU Tongxing MOU Chuanlong　
    2001, 23(1):  1-4.  DOI: 10.3863/j.issn.1000-2634.2001.01.001
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    Sequence-paleogeographic mapping is to use information gained from integrated paleogeographic and sequence stratigraphic studies to produce a synchronic or instantaneous lithofacies-paleogeographic diagram, in which the recognized key boundary-surfaces, sequences and system tracks are taken
    as mapping units. This new method of mapping can not only greatly reduce distortions inherently existing in the traditional mapping methods, but also provide a better perception of sedimentary and tectonic evolution processes and enhance the accuracy of trap prediction. In the present work, sequence-
    paleogeographic mapping is implemented on the second member of the Upper Triassic Xujiahe Fm. and the Upper Jurassic Ponlaizheng Fm. in western Sichuan, China, with system tracks taken as the mapping units.
    THE TEST RESULT OF NON-BOUNDLESSTRIELECTRODE PROFILING METHOD IN F FIELD
    ZHANG Tianlun;ZHANG Bailin;NIE Li;et al
    2001, 23(1):  5-10.  DOI: 10.3863/j.issn.1000-2634.2001.01.002
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    The non-boundless trielectrodo profiling method is a new
    type of DC resistivity explorating method for directly locatin
    the boundary range of reservoir on ground surface, which is
    based on the resistivity difference between the reservoir and
    adjacent rocks, its theretical basis is the eqipotential surface
    being normal to the current lines from place to place. The field
    test results of thenon- boundless trielectrode section method
    was implemented in Xinjiang, the test results show that this
    method can effectively determine those reservoirs being obvious
    resistivity differences with adjacent rocks and their scales large
    enough relative to the depth, can more accurately locate their
    boundary range, determine the buried depth of the hydrocarbon
    layers, and can more accurately differentiate the oil/water
    interface of single oil-sandstone in the complicated anomalys,
    too. This test accumulates valuable experiences for the method
    being popularized and applied in Xinjiang and other regions, and
    has displayed its good prospects for popularization and
    application.

    THE STUDY ON PREDICTING EACH POINT'S PERMEABILITY BASED ON NEURAL NETWORK AND LOG DATA
    XIA Hong-quan ZHANG Xiang-hui FAN Xian-yu et al
    2001, 23(1):  11-13.  DOI: 10.3863/j.issn.1000-2634.2001.01.003
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    Permeability is an important parameter in reservoir interpretation and evaluation. It is very difficult to calculate this parameter from point by point conventional log interpretation for the layers in a single well section. Based on the relation between permeability and each log variable at each point on
    surrounding rock, this paper puts forward a predicting model, a non - linear relation between logging information and permeability by means of BP neural network, to calculate each point’s permeability at high accuracy. The model is used to process the log data from well T3. The application result is satisfied. The method provides a new approach for permeabilityn interpretation from logging data.

    DISCUSSION ON THE MIGRATION DIRECTIONS OF OIL AND GAS
    LIU Quan-wen CHEN Jing-shan YAN Tai-zhen et al
    2001, 23(1):  14-17(2.  DOI: 10.3863/j.issn.1000-2634.2001.01.004
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    In the turn-round system, hydrocarbon particles always tend to move to the directions where their turning inertia becomes less. The rotation of the Earth will force hydrocarbon particles to move towards the South Pole and the North Pole,while the revolution of the Earth will make hydrocarbon particles move towards the North Pole. Meanwhile, Coriolis effect will influence the movement of hydrocarbon particles. Oil and gas from the hydrocarbon - generating depressions are distributed around depressions in clockwise direction on the
    Northern Hemisphere. And oil and gas from the hydrocarbon-generating depressions are distributed around depressions in anticlockwise direction on the Southern Hemisphere. The above conclusion is proved by examples from, among others, the Sixi and Mabei oilfields of Junggar basin, Manjia’er and Yiqikelike oilfields of Tarim basin.

    THE METHOD AND APPLICATION OF DETERMINE RESERVOIR FLUID BY NMR LOGGING
    Qi Bao-quan XiaHong-quan Zhang Xian-hui
    2001, 23(1):  18-21.  DOI: 10.3863/j.issn.1000-2634.2001.01.005
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    Lithology does not basically affect the measurement of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) Logging. It has more advantages over other logging methods in interpreting such reservoir parameters as porosity of bound and movable fluid,permeability and saturation and analyzing the pore structure.
    Because its’measurement is mainly from the H nuclear contribution of formation pore media to the logging instrument,it can be used to determine the fluid’s types. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Logging(NMRL) can be applied to define the fluid property in the reservoir, though the practicability of this
    method is not better than that of interpreting porosity of the reservoir, utilization of NMRL information to distinguish oil、gas and water layer is highly expected. Based on the analysis of basic theory, this paper discusses the logging response characteristics andinterpretation methods of different fluid. And then combining the result analysis of practical well logging information , the feasibility, limitation and practicable condition of recognizing the fluid is also explained in the paper.


    石油工程
    MATHEMATICAL SIMULATION OF NONLINEAR FLOW THROUGH POROUS MEDIA
    DENG Ying'er LIU Ci-qun WANG Yun-cheng
    2001, 23(1):  22-24.  DOI: 10.3863/j.issn.1000-2634.2001.01.006
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    A nonlinear flow with a moving boundary is one of up-to -date research fields of modern mechanics of fluids in porous media. A mathematical model of a nonlinear flow through low permeability media with a moving boundary is established, an exact analytical solution of the model can not be presented
    because of the moving boundary. Not only is a numerical solution derived by a finite difference method, but also an approximate analytical solution is given by using an integral method. It is shown that there is good agreement between them. The law of the moving boundary and characteristics of the pressure distribution are derived. Results show that the larger the starting pressure gradient is, the slower the boundary moves, and the slower the pressure transmits. Both approximate analytical solution and numerical simulation can provide engineering design with theoretical basis. The
    approximate analytical solution has explicit meaning and simplifies analyses and calculation in engineering. The finite difference method that uses variable steps will provide numerical simulation of the three-dimensional nonlinear flow that has a moving boundary with a good method.

    INVESTIGATION ON RHAMNOLIPID BIOSURFACTANT USED IN ENHANCED OIL RECOVERY OF DAQING OILFIELD
    LI Hua-bin YANG Zheng-yu YANG Lin et al
    2001, 23(1):  25-28.  DOI: 10.3863/j.issn.1000-2634.2001.01.007
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    The experimental study of rhamnolipid (RH) biosurfactant was conducted under conditions of Daqing oil reservoir (such as crude oil, formation water and temperature). Results have shown that the interfacial tension between RH brine and crude oil has not reach 10-3mN/m. but it can reach the ultra-low
    interfacial tension of 10-3~10-4 mN/m when RH is added into the alkali sulfonate PSD-2 (in the presence of 1.0% NaOH) which was prepared by sulfonating Daqing fraction oil. Further investigation indicates that when 0. 1% RH fermentative solution is added in the system of sulfonate surfactant B-100
    (containing 1.2% Na2CO3), not only the interfacial tension is lowered to 10-4 mN/m but also the maximum adsorption of B-100 on Daqing reservoir sandstone is decreased from 0.62mg/g sand to 0.44 mg/g sand. Results of oil displacement on Daqing reservoir cores show that an oil bank is formed in the
    flooding process and water cut is decreased from 98% to 50%.The oil recovery is increased around 20% OOIP.

    STUDY ON THE LAYER-SLIP PARAMETER SYSTEMS IN THE EASTERN SICHUAN
    Li Benliang Sung Yan Zhu Wenbin Guo Jichun Wen Shihon
    2001, 23(1):  29-33.  DOI: 10.3863/j.issn.1000-2634.2001.01.008
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    By systematically collecting samples from depositional covers in Huaying Mountain, Eastern Sichuan, Upper Yangtze late, and comprehensively testing and analyzing their rock mechanics parameters and rock physical parameters, the lower Cambrian, upper Ordovician, lower Silurian, upper Permian
    and middle-lower Triassic formations in the studied area are grouped into typical major sliding layers according to that they are composed of mud stone, shale, gypsum and coal-beds, and characterized by lower resistivity competent, lower physical parameters etc., and the rest are non - sliding layers.Comparing the up, middle and lower parts of the formations on
    the area by rock mechanics parameters: Rp, Rt, Rs E,λetc.and the rock physics parameters: Vp, Vs, D etc., it has been found that the major sliding layer are basic similar in whole Yangtze plate, and the sliping layers could play an important role of being a regional covering strata.

    GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEM AND RESERVOIR MANAGEMENT
    CHEN Wei LI Yun ZHAO Gang et al
    2001, 23(1):  34-36(6.  DOI: 10.3863/j.issn.1000-2634.2001.01.009
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    In dictating the conception, method, application and the development of geographic information system (GIS), GIS has strong power and widely applying perspective because of its organization mode of information, spatial analysis ability and graphic presentation style. Although most of Current GIS
    systems can process two-dimension problem effectively, for some special three- dimension problem, such as reservoir's management, they are short of description and analysis, So functions of GIS should be expanded by general programming tools. A GIS frame for oil field is presented that includes
    geologic modeling based on geostatistics method, 3D graphic presentation and GIS toolkit as integration platform for hierarchical information. The frame can extend 3D characterizing ability, which is lacked in current GIS system.
    Reservoir is itself a complicated spatio - temporal system, reservoir dynamic characterization would be achieved through analysis of dynamic monitoring data and employment of geostatistics method, in this way, GIS techniques will be able to play an important role in reservoir production management and decision-making.

    油气化学工程与化工
    PLUG REMOVAL TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATION OF COMBINING HIGH PRESSURE ROTARY FLUIDICS AND CHEMICALS
    WANG Zhi-qiang NAN Qing-yi WANG Hai-ju et al
    2001, 23(1):  37-39(4.  DOI: 10.3863/j.issn.1000-2634.2001.01.010
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    To improve the development efficiency of low permeable reservoir, an experimental study on plug removal of combining physical and chemical methods has been conducted on the basis of extracting advantages of similar technology in the country. In the light of geologic features of A- nan oilfield, the major factors that cause reservoir pollution and plug have been
    analyzed. The plug removal principles of rotary fluidics,chemical agents and the combination of the two have been discussed. In addition, the performance of HB compound plug removal agent, the technology and effectiveness of application in the oilfield have also been discussed.

    SYNTHESIS OF A VISCOSITY REDUCER AND ITS MECHANISM ANALYSIS
    LI Jianbo LIANG Fashu GUO Chuanmei et al
    2001, 23(1):  40-42.  DOI: 10.3863/j.issn.1000-2634.2001.01.011
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    The production and transportation of viscous crude are more difficult than normal crude oil because the high content of asphaltene and gum. A comb polymer- terpolymer ester is obtained by polymerizing styrene (S), methyl metharylate(MMA) and acrylamide (AM) then the produced terpolymer
    reacts with a higher alcohol (ester exchange). Results of evaluation on performance have showed that the comb polymer has good viscosity-reducing effect. The influence of synthetic conditions on the viscosity-reducing effect has been discussed and the mechanism of the viscosity reducer has been analyzed.


    油气地面工程
    FREQUENCY CHARACTERISTICS OF PULSATION-JET DEVICE OF SELF-EXCITED OSCILLATION
    YANG Lin TANG Chuanlin LI Xiaohong et al
    2001, 23(1):  43-45.  DOI: 10.3863/j.issn.1000-2634.2001.01.012
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    Based on the theory of fluid network, we established the similar mathematical model of pulsation-jet device of the self-excited oscillation. The numerical results, in agreement with the tests, had clearly shown that the jet nozzle was functions of oscillator and lowpass filter, and the maximal pressure response could be obtained for input flow, and its main frequencies close
    to the natural frequency of the nozzle. The natural frequency of the nozzle is directly determined by its main structural parameters and wave speed in jet flow, so the parameters such as pressure, the length of oscillation cavity, the diameter of lower nozzle and porosity of jet flow have significant effects on
    its frequency characteristics. Moreover the design standard of the device was presented in this paper, that is to say, the natural frequency of the nozzle should be close to that of input oscillating flow.

    STUDY OF OPTIMAL WORK CONDITION ABOUT INSTANTANEOUS-PULSE PERMEABILITY TEST EQUIPMENT
    YANG Mingsong
    2001, 23(1):  46-48.  DOI: 10.3863/j.issn.1000-2634.2001.01.013
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    The paper studied the optimal condition of the experiment with the methods of instantaneous pulse, steady flow and computer numerical simulation based on the developed installation for determining the physical characters of low
    permeability reservoir rock with the method of instantaneous pulse. It makes known that the experiment condition is the optimum under the condition of simulated formation pressure,and V1, V2in instantaneous pulse satisfies the expression 0.16≤V2/(V1+V2)≤0.20 . The relative errors between the result of the permeability determined by instantaneous pulse and that of standard selection is the minimum, the pressure distribution curve by instantaneous pulse is in a good agreement with that by computer simulation under the same condition.

    FLOW-METERING INSTRUMENT OF NATURAL GAS AND ITS OPTIONAL PRINCIPLE
    SU Hongchun Yuan Zongming
    2001, 23(1):  49-52.  DOI: 10.3863/j.issn.1000-2634.2001.01.014
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    Metering of natural gas is one of the most important links of nature gas industry. The gas production system, From well to user, is closed. Metering accuracy not only influences the each procedure of gas production process directly, but also has vital effects on each link of gas producing, supplying and
    selling. Natural gas metering technology and instrument has been developed rapidly. The properties and optional principles of the widespread used metering instruments, such as orifice flow meter, turbine flow meter and vortex flow meter are stressed in this paper.
    OPTIMAL DECISION MODEL AND FUZZY EVALUATION FOR RENEWING FACILITY
    PENG Nan HE Ming
    2001, 23(1):  53-55.  DOI: 10.3863/j.issn.1000-2634.2001.01.015
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    The renovation of facility is an important content in policy -making of plant management .Two problems will inevitably be encountered in the process of facility renewal: First, the old one worn, it should be repaired. Or be replaced by the new one? Second, if the old will be replaced, the new is the same
    structure with the old or more efficient? To the first problem,we come up with adopting - establish the optimal decision of repairing and renewal, in the light of connection of between repairing cost and failure lost, we can adopt discrete infinity phase decision process of Markov to establish mathematical
    model to solve the problem. To the later, we can adopt the method of fuzzing evaluation. According to evaluators' specialties, which may be divided several groups, each group encounters one factor subset, fuzzing solution will be got
    through appraising matrix, and thus all problems will be solved very well.
    SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS OF SEISM ABOUT THE OIL STORAGE TANK OF STAND-UP CYLINDER
    LIAO Kexi WANG Yuan ZHANG Haixin
    2001, 23(1):  56-59.  DOI: 10.3863/j.issn.1000-2634.2001.01.016
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    The seismic wave will cause the hydrodynamic wall pressure, hydrodynamic shear force, hydrodynamic moments and the liquid surface sloshing in the oil storage tank.Thesetanks usually were damaged by the various seismic responses.With high ratio of the height to radius, the flexible deformation
    of tall, slender tanks works on its seismic responses. The flexible deformation of the tall-slender tank is not considered in current anti - seismic design standards. Avoiding this shortcoming, based on the analysis of tall, slender tank's nature structure characteristics, a coupling vibration model of
    tall-slender tanks is put forward. The model discussed the impulsive and convective component of flexible tanks' seismic sensitivity. Finally, the seismic-sensitivity responses of the example for flexible tanks were compared with those of the rigid.

    STUDY OF TECHNICAL PARAMETERS IN COMPLICATED NATURAL GAS PIPE NETWORK SYSTEM
    KANG Zhengling YUAN Zongming
    2001, 23(1):  60-63.  DOI: 10.3863/j.issn.1000-2634.2001.01.017
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    The purpose of this paper is to economize the investment and to increase the benefit of our design about the complicated natural gas pipe network under the presupposition that the pipe network itself is advanced through the research of technical parameters in complicated treed natural gas transmission pipe network system. The optimization design was applied into this research and the problem was divided into two sequential subproblems, one is the pipe diameter optimization, the other is the compressor station optimization. The mathematical models were established and solved out, also the optimization design software was developed. The result of the design minimized the
    consumption of the investment and optimized the arrangement of the technical parameters, such as the diameter of the pipe etc. The results of the example provided for the theoretical support of the plan design, feasibility research and economical evaluation in pipeline, and it is also valuable for reference in other optimization research.

    HARD MEDIA RECORDS DIGITIZING AND RELATIVE DATA PROCESSING
    LIN Min YANG Yingxin JIAO Peili
    2001, 23(1):  64-66.  DOI: 10.3863/j.issn.1000-2634.2001.01.018
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    This paper introduce a practicable method to digitalize various curves or drawings recorded on hard- media such as paper. The AntoCAD software and a digitizing tablet are both necessary when digitize a curve or a drawing. The curve can be separated by a controllable acquiring - step into a series of
    short lines end to end and saved in a AntoCAD drawing database file automatically. Coordinates of the end points of the separated lines can be read out from the file by running a special computer program developed by the author. Because the course of the curve digitizing is based upon hypothenuse step, according rules of AutoCAD, not coordinate -step in normal data acquisition cases, it is generally necessary to convert the hypotenuse-step
    -based data to normative coordinate-step-based onesthrough a special transforming calculation. This convenient and credible method would be very helpful for those people who need to get their various hard-copy curves or records processed and saved by means of computer.


    THE DATA RESOURCE ORGANIZATION IN ENTERPRISE INFORMATION CONSTRUCTION
    ZHOU Ronghui
    2001, 23(1):  67-70.  DOI: 10.3863/j.issn.1000-2634.2001.01.019
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    The data resource organization is the key and basis of the enterprise information construction, the purpose is to communicate and share the data in entire enterprise. The primary problem of data resource construction is how to
    implement data integration. An integrated enterprise data system is the key to build the data model for whole enterprise domain, to get the relations of enterprise data entities and to integrate enterprise data on concept level. The standardization and normalization of data is the language base of data
    communication and sharing. Only all of us follow the standard and specification when developing the management information system, can we eliminate information"isolated island"and implement data integration deed. Sturdy organization is the guarantee of the data resource construction. The paper discusses the importance of the three viewpoints above in details.