With social development and the growing spiritual and cultural needs of the public, museums have become increasingly important in the construction of the public cultural service system, while also facing challenges. The public cultural service system of museums includes infrastructure and resource support, service supply and content innovation, organizational management and talent support, capital investment and policy support, among other aspects. By examining the current status of constructing museums′ public cultural service system, we find that despite achievements such as growth in the number of museums built and widespread implementation of free admission, there remain problems including unbalanced infrastructure, simplistic service forms, talent shortages, insufficient funding, and rigidity in the management system. The root causes of these issues are analyzed from multiple dimensions: cognitive limitations in concepts, flaws in the management system, imbalanced resource allocation, and bottlenecks in funding and talent. Finally, this paper proposes solutions to break the impasse in constructing museums′ public cultural service system, covering conceptual innovation, management optimization, resource integration, innovation-driven initiatives, talent cultivation, and financial guarantees, among other aspects. These measures aim to enhance the quality of museums′ public cultural services and promote high-quality development of the museum sector.