Objective: To investigate the fundus characteristics of infants infected with cytomegalovirus. Methods: The fundus characteristics of 239 infants with symptomatic cytomegalovirus infection were retrospectively analyzed. Results: 65 patients had moderate to severe fundus abnormalities, 3 of them had pan-retinal chorioretinitis, 12 infants had fundal hemorrhage in one eye or both eyes, 49 infants had localized white exudation, and 1 infant both had fundal hemorrhage and localized white exudation. There were 6 cases with fundal abnormality presented in zone I, 7 cases in zone II, 45 cases in zone III, 2 cases in zone I and II, 2 cases in zone II and III, and 3 cases involving the whole retina. Of 20 infants treated with intravenous ganciclovir, 18 infants had complete normalization, 2 infants had just subtle pigment epithelial disturbance and retinal lesions. 45 cases were not treated, and 4 cases had residual fundus lesions. Conclusion: For infants infected with cytomegalovirus, early screening of the eyes and regular reexamination are recommended, especially for infants with low immunity or immune deficiency who have retinochoroiditis should be treated with medicine as soon as possible.
Objective: To review the etiological and therapeutical progress of refractory nocturnal enuresis（RNE）in adolescents. Methods: Articles on the epidemiology, etiology and treatment of refractory enuresis in adolescents were searched in various databases, and then summarized, sorted out and analyzed. Results: The incidence of RNE in adolescents was higher. The causes included abnormal bladder function, nocturnal polyuria, sleep and wakefulness disorders, familial inheritance, obstructive airway diseases, psychosocial diseases, obesity, bladder and rectal dysfunction, trauma or psychological stress. The treatment can obtain better curative effect according to the cause of disease. Conclusion: The incidence of RNE in adolescents is on the rise, and the causes are varied. It is necessary to carry out combined treatment according to etiological diagnosis to improve the cure rate of RNE.
Objective: Through a case report of clinical diagnosis of Apert syndrome, combined with literature study, the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of the disease were discussed. Methods: Clinical manifestations, auxiliary examinations and genetic diagnosis of the case were analyzed combined with literature. Results: The main clinical manifestations were plump bregma, syndactylia deformity and cleft palate. The results of the cranial CT scan showed bilateral lateral ventricle enlargement. The genetic testing indicated that there was a heterozygous mutation in exon 7 of the FGFR2 gene in the patient, resulting in the conversion of serine encoding the 252th codon of the protein to tryptophan. Conclusion: The FGFR2 gene c.755C>G mutation is the cause of this case of Apert syndrome, and genetic analysis can help diagnose. Children with normal head circumference and suspected congenital hydrocephalus should be genetically screened and differentiated from Apert syndrome to guide clinical treatment.
Objective: To collect gallbladder torsion case data, summarize relevant clinical and auxiliary examination results, and improve the accuracy of preoperative diagnosis. Methods: A case of gallbladder torsion in children was reported. The clinical manifestations, auxiliary examination images, surgical procedures, and related literature were reviewed retrospectively. Results: Gallbladder torsion occurs mostly in elderly women. The incidence of children is extremely low. The course of disease is short, and the pain in the gallbladder area is obvious. It may be accompanied by vomiting symptoms, no fever or jaundice. Under the B-ultrasound, the "8" shape can be seen in the gallbladder, and the echo at the intersection is high. MRCP can be observed to interrupt the gallbladder or the cystic duct is pointed. Very few CTs may see a spiral change in the gallbladder. Conclusion: In children, gallbladder torsion is rare, symptoms are confusing, and B-ultrasound and MRCP have important preoperative diagnostic value.
Objective: To analyze the disease characteristics of calyceal diverticulum in children and introduce the preliminary treatment experience of the disease, so as to improve doctors' understanding and diagnosis of the disease. Methods: A case of calyceal diverticulum in children admitted to pediatric surgery department of Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shangdong University was retrospectively analyzed, including gender, age, clinical features, imaging features, treatment process and prognosis. Literature review was conducted to summarize the experience of diagnosis and treatment of calyceal diverticulum in children. Results: The patient received satisfactory results after surgery, and no recurrence was found in the re-examination 3 months after surgery. Conclusion: Calyceal diverticulum is relatively rare. Diagnosis can be made by IVP, retrograde pyelography and CTU in which contrast agent can be detected in calyceal diverticulum. Different methods should be selected according to its size, location, infection and stone.
Objective: To study the influence of the alcoholic extracts from three Astragalus plants（A. membranaceus, A. ernestii, and A. yunnanensis）on platelet aggregation. Methods: After preparation of platelet-containing plasma, different concentrations of the extracts of the three Astragalus plants were added to incubate plasma, then their effects on adenosine diphosphate （ADP）or arachidonic acid（AA）-induced platelet aggregation, or on the situation without inducer, were observed. Results: Compared with solvent control group, all the extracts from the three Astragalus plants significantly inhibited ADP or AA-induced platelet aggregation; the inhibitory effects of the extracts from A. membranaceus and A. ernestii on ADP-induced aggregation are better than the extract from A. yunnanensis, while the effects of the extracts from A. yunnanensis and A. ernestii on AA-induced aggregation are better than the extract from A. membranaceus. The extracts from the three Astragalus plants also could promote normal platelet aggregation. Conclusion: All the extracts from three Astragalus plants can inhibit platelet aggregation by different inducer, but their inhibitory mechanisms are different.
Objective: To investigate the mechanism of how Notch signaling pathway affect PBVP regeneration after biliary ischemia- reperfusion injury. Methods: Male specific pathogen free Sprague-Dawley（SD）rats were used and categorized randomly into three groups: the sham operation group（SO）, the ischemia reperfusion group（IRI）, and the DAPT pretreatment group（DAPT）. By establishing a rat model of biliary ischemia-reperfusion injury in situ autologous liver transplantation, we analyzed the expression of Notch signaling pathway-related protein molecules in the portal area, serum transaminase, and vascular regeneration in the portal area （micro-vessel density）after biliary ischemia-reperfusion in rats（microvessel density）. Results: Compared with IRI group, the expression levels of Notch1 and Hes1 in DAPT 3 d and DAPT 7 d were significantly lower than those in IRI group at the same time point; the expression of Dll4 protein in IRI 3 d subgroup was significantly higher than that in DAPT 3 d group. There was no difference in Dll4 protein level between IRI 7 d subgroup and DAPT 7 d subgroup. The levels of serum ALT, ALP, GGT and TbiL in DAPT 3 d and DAPT 7 d subgroups were significantly higher than those in IRI group at the same time point; The MVD of the portal area DAPT 3 d, DAPT 7 d was significantly lower than that of the IRI group at the same time point. Conclusion: After biliary ischemia-reperfusion injury, the Notch signaling pathway is activated, which promotes the formation of micro-vessels around the biliary tract, and plays an important role in the regulation of vascular plexus regeneration around the biliary tract after ischemia-reperfusion injury.
Objective: Network pharmacology analysis was used to predict the mechanism of Coptidis Rhizoma-Aucklandiae Radix in Xianglian Pills in the treatment of ulcerative colitis, and to provide reference for the research of Xianglian Pills. Methods: TCMSP database was retrieved by computer to collect the active ingredients and targets of Coptidis Rhizome and Aucklandiae Radix in the treatment of ulcerative colitis. Cytoscape 3.7.0 software was used to construct the "component-target-disease" interactions. Finally, KEGG pathway enrichment analysis was carried out through DAVID database. Results: 154 active ingredients and 1 248 protein targets of Coptidis Rhizome and Aucklandiae Radix were predicted in the treatment of ulcerative colitis. The results showed that Coptidis Rhizome and Aucklandiae Radix could play an important role in the treatment of ulcerative colitis by regulating inflammatory factors, cell apoptosis and cellular immunity. Conlusion: This study had comprehensively predicted the potential mechanism of Coptidis Rhizome-Aucklandiae Radix in the treatment of ulcerative colitis by network pharmacology, which provided theoretical basis for clinical application of Coptidis Rhizome-Aucklandiae Radix and even Xianglian Pills in the treatment of ulcerative colitis.
Objective: Taking "Ephedrae-Cinnamomi" as an example, the mechanism of mutual promotion herb pairs was studied by using network pharmacology technique. Methods: TCMSP database was used to screen the chemical composition and the targets of Ephedrae and Cinnamomi; OMIM database was applied to screen the targets of influenza or cold; PPI database was used to establish the interaction between the targets. The "compound-target-disease" complex network diagram was constructed by the Cytoscape software. The direct therapeutic targets of Ephedrae and Cinnamomi were screened out, and KEGG and GO pathway enrichment were performed by DAVID database. Results: 13 targets and 6 signal pathways in Ephedrae and Cinnamomi were selected, which were associated with influenza or cold. Among the targets, Nitric oxide synthase was the important one. The pathways contained HIF- 1 signaling pathway, Estrogen signaling pathway, Toll-like receptor signaling pathway, etc. Conclusion: The combined administration mechanism of Ephedrae and Cinnamomi is predicted by the network pharmacology, which provides a new idea for mutual promotion drug pair of Chinese medicine.
Objective: The network pharmacology method was used to predict the targets of the main anti-inflammatory components of Gentiana macrophylla. The network relationship of "active components- inflammatory targets- anti- inflammatory pathway" was constructed to predict the targets and mechanisms of its intervention in inflammation. Methods: The chemical composition and target datasets of Gentiana macrophylla were established by the pharmacological analysis platform of Chinese medicine system; the OMIM database was used to screen inflammation-related targets; the PPI database was used to construct protein interaction targets; and the "chemical component-functional protein-targets of inflammation" interaction network was constructed using Cytoscape software. The key targets for the regulation of inflammation in Gentiana macrophylla were screened out. The KEGG pathway enrichment and GO analysis were performed on the selected targets using the DAVID database and Cytoscape plug-in Clue GO. Results: 11 active constituents of Gentiana macrophylla were screened and analyzed, including gentianidine, gentianine, gentiatibetine, alpha-amyrin, gentianal and loganic acid. 25 anti-inflammatory targets were screened and analyzed, including cell tumor antigen p53, essential regulator of NF-kappa-B and tumor necrosis factor receptor-related factors 6 and so on. The possible anti-inflammatory pathways of Gentiana macrophylla include apoptosis, TNF signaling pathway, and MAPK signaling pathway. Conclusion: The potential targets of Gentiana macrophylla for regulating inflammation were predicted and the mechanism of action was revealed, which provideed reference for further study on the anti-inflammatory mechanism and clinical application of Gentiana macrophylla.
Objective: To investigate the temporary purchase of drugs in a children's hospital, and to provide reference for promoting the standardized management of temporary purchases of drugs and rational use of drugs. Methods: Analyze the relevant regulations for the temporary purchase of drugs in a hospital, and retrospectively investigate the temporary purchase of drugs from January to December 2018 in a children's hospital. Results: Departments subscribed for drugs were mainly the Department of Hematology, Cardiology, PICU, Oncology, and Nutrition. The drugs purchased were mainly anti- tumor drugs, antibacterial drugs, parenteral nutrition and electrolyte replenishing liquids, external medicines, and immunosuppressants. Conclusion: There were unreasonable purchases of drugs in the hospital. It is necessary to continuously improve the management of temporary purchase of drugs and promote the rational use of drugs
Objective: To explore a new method on improving the teaching quality of pharmacognosy. Methods: Inquiry teaching was carried out among students studying Pharmacy. Meanwhile, a questionnaire survey was used to analyze and assess the teaching quality. Results: Most of the students（82.35%）were satisfied with the teaching practice. They made obvious progress in searching references, making courseware, classroom teaching practice and classroom discussion; however, there was no obvious difference on test scores compared to previous years. Conclusion: Inquiry teaching could improve teaching quality of pharmacognosy and it should be adopted in teaching process of colleges and universities.
Objective: To investigate the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 42 cases of Scrub typhus, and to propose effective measures of its prevention, diagnosis and treatment. Methods: The data of 42 patients diagnosed with Scrub typhus was analyzed retrospectively. Results: 42 patients were distributed in 9 towns, and the incidence peak was from June to September. Of all the patients, 18（42.86%）were male and 24（57.14%）were female. The average age was（58.95±15.05）years, and all patients were from rural areas. Fever occurred in all cases. 35 patients（83.33%）showed typical scab or ulcer. Eosinophils were decreased in 27 cases（64.29%）, liver function was impaired in 33 cases（78.57%）, heart function was impaired in 31 cases（73.81%）, and lung function was impaired in 12 cases（28.57%）. All the 42 cases（100%）were cured clinically. Conclusion: Scrub typhus has obvious seasonality, and its clinical manifestations are complex and diverse, involving multiple organs. Acute fever is the first symptom, scab or ulcer is the characteristic diagnostic clue, and doxycycline treatment has good effect.
Objective: To analyze the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of active tuberculosis in rural areas. Methods: The epidemiological and clinical data of 87 patients with newly diagnosed pulmonary tuberculosis from May 2017 to January 2018 were collected. Results: 87 patients were from rural areas, among whom 85（97.7%）were farmers, and 2（2.3%）were retired. The minority patients accounted for 67.8% of the total, male : female = 1.6 : 1. The average age was（50.9±16.3）years old. The sputum smears were found to be negative in 47 cases（54.0%）and positive in 40 cases（46.0%）. Conclusion: Active tuberculosis in this region has the characteristics of ethnic minorities, rural population, middle-aged and elderly, males, and malnutrition patients. The rural minority areas in western China are still the key areas for tuberculosis prevention and control.
Objective: To investigate the clinical characteristics of Epstein-Barr virus（EBV）infection in adults, and to provide scientific basis for early diagnosis and treatment of EBV-related disease. Methods: Clinical data, laboratory examinations, treatments and follow-up results of 64 adult patients with EBV infection were retrospectively analyzed. Results: The clinical manifestations of EBV infection in adults were complex and varied. The main manifestations were abnormal liver function, fever, burnout, fatigue, headache, myalgia, low back pain and other toxemic symptoms. Conclusion: Most patients with EBV infection in adults have good prognoses, and a small number of patients have prolonged illness. For adult patients with long-term fever due to unexplained liver damage, EBV related diseases should be carefully examined.
Objective: To understand the characteristics of cardiovascular disease in the region from the trans-sub-plateau to the plateau. Methods: Study the literature and review the recent papers on cardiovascular disease in this region. Results: Trans-plateau regions refers to the areas cross sub-plateau to plateau area（altitude about 1 000-3 500 m）. Cardio-vascular diseases have different characteristics and mechanism in these regions. There are few studies that specifically address cardiovascular disease across the trans- plateau regions. Conclusion: There are few studies on cardiovascular diseases across the plateau at an altitude of 1 000-3 500 m, without systematic studies, and the pathophysiological mechanism is still unclear. This paper proposes the concept of trans-plateau cardiovascular disease and conducts in-depth research, which is of great significance for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease in people with short-term exposure or long-term living in trans-plateau area.
Objective: To observe the clinical effects of percutaneous indwelling central venous catheter combined with ozonated water perfusion drainage on malignant ascites and its impact on patients' quality of life. Methods: 92 cases of malignant ascites in the department of oncology care in the Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Dali University were chosen as the research objects and were randomly divided into two groups. The experimental group was given percutaneous indwelling central venous catheter combined with peritoneal perfusion with ozonated water, and the control group was given percutaneous indwelling central venous catheter drainage ascites. The treatment effects and the improvement of life quality of the two groups were evaluated and compared. Results: The total effective rate of the experimental group was 59.2%, and that of the control group was 41.9%, the difference was statistically significant between two groups（P=0.045<0.05）. According to EORTC QLQ－C30 grade, the tired scores, dyspnea scores, sleepless scores of the experimental group were all lower than those of the control group and the differences were statistically significant between two groups（P＜0.05）. The median survival time in the experimental group was 2.8 months, while that in the control group was 2.1 months. Conclusion: Percutaneous indwelling central venous catheter combined with ozonated water perfusion drainage can improve the quality of life in late stage malignant tumor patients and also prolong overall survival to some degree.
Objective: To study the diagnosis and treatment of parotid Warthin tumor. Methods: The clinical data of 5 cases of Warthin tumors admitted to the Second Affiliated Hospital of Dali University from May 2016 to January 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. Results: 5 middle-aged and elderly patients were treated with unilateral painless earlobe mass as the first symptom. All of them were male patients with at least 20 years of smoking history. All cases were diagnosed by massectomy. Conclusion: Correct and comprehensive understanding of Warthin tumor is mainly based on biopsy diagnosis. The main treatment methods are surgical removal of the tumor, preservation of the parotid gland function, and reduction of postoperative complications and recurrence.
Objective: To explore the methods and effects of eyelid malignant tumor resection and eyelid defect repair. Methods: The complete medical records of 24 patients were retrospectively analyzed, the recurrence of the tumors and the recovery of eyelid functions were followed up, and therapeutic effects of resection of controlled eyelid malignant tumor and repair of eyelid defects were analyzed. Results: Except for one 82-year-old patient who died of pulmonary infection after 1 year of follow-up, the other patients were followed up for 2 to 7 years, with recurrences of 1 case in 3 years and 1 case in 5 years. All the other cases did not relapse, with no deformity in appearance and complete closure of palpebral fissure. Conclusion: Only standard eyelid mass resection can lead to perfect eyelid defect repair, and Mohs resection is the preferred method to ensure the cleanness of tumor resection. The repair of eyelid defect needs personalized design to achieve the harmonious unity of function and appearance.
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