Table of Content

15 April 2025, Volume 10 Issue 4

Previous Issue   

Non-Alkaloid Chemical Constituents of the Roots of Berberis pruinosa

Leng Ling, Chen Wei , Li Gang , Jiang Bei, Xiao Chaojiang

2025, 10(4):  1-5.  DOI: ［DOI］10. 3969 / j. issn. 2096-2266. 2025. 04. 001

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〔Abstract〕Objective: To investigate the chemical constituents of the roots of Berberis pruinosa, and their antimalarial activities.

Methods: Chemical constituents were isolated and purified from the ethyl acetate fraction of the 95% ethanol extract of dried roots of

B. pruinosa using various column chromatography techniques. The structures of the isolated compounds were elucidated based on their

physicochemical properties and modern spectroscopic methods. Antimalarial activity of selected compounds was evaluated. Results:

Nine compounds were identified: syringic acid （1）, methyl 3, 4-dihydroxybenzoate （2）, 4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenylethanol （3）,

vomifoliol （4）, 4-acetylmethyl-3, 5-dimethoxybenzoquinol （5）, pinellic acid （6）, suberic acid （7）, palmitic acid （8）, and n

nonacosane （9）. Activity assays showed that compound 5 exhibited significant antimalarial activity at a concentration of 50 μmol/L.

Conclusion: All compounds were isolated for the first time from Berberis species.

Steroid Chemical Constituents of Hydrangea davidii

Qi Wangxian, Li Gang, Jiang Bei, Xiao Chaojiang

2025, 10(4):  6-10.  DOI: ［DOI］10. 3969 / j. issn. 2096-2266. 2025. 04. 002

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〔Abstract〕 Objective: To investigate the chemical constituents of the stems and roots of Hydrangea davidii. Methods: The chemical

components of 95% ethyl acetate extract from the stems and roots of H. davidii were separated and purified by various column

chromatography techniques. The structures of the compounds were identified based on physicochemical properties and NMR data.

Results: Eight steroids were isolated from the stems and roots of H. davidii, which were identified as β-sitosterol （1）,（3β, 7α）-7-

methoxystigmast-5-en-3-ol （2）,（3β, 7β）-7-methoxystigmast-5-en-3-ol （3）, stigmastane-3β, 6α-diol （4）, stigmast-4-en-6β-ol-

3-one （5）, stigmastane-3, 6-dione （6）, 7-oxositosterol （7）, and daucosterol（8）. Conclusion: Compounds 1−8 were isolated from H.

davidii for the first time, and compounds 2−8 were isolated from Hydrangea genus for the first time.

Comparative Study on Different Data Standardization Methods Combined with Different Weight Assignments in the Preparation Process Optimization of Hantaoye Micropills

Yan Haiyan, Mu Yongxiang, Zou Chuncai

2025, 10(4):  11-20.  DOI: ［DOI］10. 3969 / j. issn. 2096-2266. 2025. 04. 003

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〔Abstract〕 Objective: To investigate the effect of different data standardization methods combined with different weight assignments

on the preparation process of Hantaoye micropills. Methods: The results of the single factor test and the Box-Behnken response surface

test on the preparation process of Hantaoye micropills were analyzed by six data standardization methods, including minimalization,

maximalization, polarization, standard deviation standardization, homogenization transformation, and logarithmic standardization in

combination with 10 weight assignment methods, including the analytic hierarchy process （AHP）, G1, entropy weight method （EWM）,

CRITIC, AHP-EWM, AHP-CRITIC, G1-EWM, G1-CRITIC, literature and weight averaging. Results: Different data standardization

methods combined with different weight assignments had no significant effect on the comprehensive evaluation indexes of the single

factor test. The optimization results of Box-Behnken response surface method showed that the model significance of each group was P<

0.01, and the missing fitting item with P<0.05 was as follows: the logarithmic standardization method combined with the 10 weight

assignments, the polarization method combined with the EWM, CRITIC and G1-EWM, and the standard deviation standardization

method combined with the EWM. Conclusion: The determination of the single-factor optimal level for the preparation process of

Hantaoye micropills is not affected by the data standardization method combined with weight assignments and the minimization-G1-

EWM is the best method when Box-Behnken response surface method is used.

Investigation on Occupational Exposure and Protection of the PIVAS Staff Exposed to Antineoplastic Drugs in Western Yunnan

Xiao Shanrui, Li Xia, Qiu Lin, Liu Quanyi, Xie Yuxuan, Gu Yun

2025, 10(4):  21-26.  DOI: ［DOI］10. 3969 / j. issn. 2096-2266. 2025. 04. 004

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〔Abstract〕 Objective: To investigate the basic situation of occupational exposure to antineoplastic drugs （ADs） among the staff in the

pharmacy intravenous admixture service （PIVAS） of medical institutions in western Yunnan, and to provide scientific basis for medical

institutions to strengthen the management of ADs in PIVAS. Methods: The questionnaire content was determined by Delphi expert

inquiry method, and the PIVAS staff in 9 tertiary general hospitals in western Yunnan was investigated by Wenjuanxing platform.

Results: The total duration of occupational exposure to ADs of 212 PIVAS staff was mainly short-term exposure, and some of them had

irregular personal protection and disposal methods for occupational exposure to ADs. The adverse outcome of occupational exposure to

ADs was mainly hair loss （accounted for 56.60%）. 97.17% of the staff had received standardized pre-job training and assessment

before ADs deployment. 92.92% of the staff can accept the training methods, contents and results. 72.64% of PIVAS staff's hospitals

had established ADs occupational exposure protection system. The training period was mainly six months to twelve months （account for

62.74%）. Conclusion: PIVAS staff has insufficient cognition and protection of occupational exposure to ADs. Medical institutions

should establish and improve the occupational protection management system, strengthen standardized training and assessment, and

improve the occupational protection awareness of PIVAS staff to promote occupational health development.

Exploration and Practice of Innovative Talent Training Models in Local Universities

Liu Heng, Lai Yong, Zhou Ping, Liu Xi, Li Xufang, Wang Yan

2025, 10(4):  27-32.  DOI: ［DOI］10. 3969 / j. issn. 2096-2266. 2025. 04. 005

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〔Abstract〕Under the background of the new round of scientific and technological revolution, as the main institutions supporting

regional economic development and outputting innovative talents to serve local needs, how local colleges and universities can cultivate

both moral and talented talents has become the focus of social concern. In view of the fact that guiding talent cultivation with

ideological and political education is one of the important strategic objectives of higher education, this study focuses on the deficiencies

in the education and teaching of local universities. It conducts an in-depth exploration of the curriculum group system in the research

direction of pharmaceutical quality in the College of Pharmacy in Dali University. Reforms are carried out in aspects such as teaching

content, teaching mode, teaching assessment and evaluation system, as well as the teaching effect evaluation system. Construction and

innovation are carried out for the teaching staff, the curriculum system of innovation and entrepreneurship, etc. It explores a talent

cultivation and teaching mode that is suitable for the development of local universities and the needs of enterprises, providing reference

and experience for local universities to carry out innovative talent cultivation.

Regulation of SIRT1 Expression by Diammonium Glycyrrhizinate Lipid Ligand in Rats with Acute Hyperoxic Lung Injury

Liu Meimei, Fang Xiaona, Fang Qiong, Zhang Huimin

2025, 10(4):  33-37.  DOI: ［DOI］10. 3969 / j. issn. 2096-2266. 2025. 04. 006

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〔Abstract〕 Objective: To investigate the protective effects and underlying mechanisms of diammonium glycyrrhizinate lipid ligand

（DGLL） in rats with acute hyperoxic lung injury. Methods: Rats were divided into three groups: control, model, and DGLL-treated

groups. At designated time points, eight rats from each group were randomly selected for lung wet-to-dry （W/D） weight ratio

measurement, total protein content detection in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid （BALF）, and histopathological analysis of lung tissue.

Western blotting was used to assess the protein expression levels of sirtuin 1（SIRT1） and tumor necrosis factor-α（TNF-α） in lung

tissue. Results: Hyperoxic exposure significantly impaired rat health and caused severe lung tissue damage. Compared with the model

group, DGLL treatment markedly improved behavioral status, reduced lung W/D weight ratio and BALF total protein content, and

alleviated inflammatory exudation and erythrocyte infiltration in lung tissue. Hyperoxia suppressed SIRT1 protein expression and

upregulated TNF-α levels. However, in the DGLL-treated group, SIRT1 protein expression significantly increased （P<0.05）, while

TNF-α expression significantly decreased （P<0.05） compared to the model group at the corresponding time points. These findings

suggested that DGLL may mitigate hyperoxia-induced lung injury and inflammatory response by upregulating SIRT1 and inhibiting

TNF-α overexpression. Conclusion: DGLL may alleviate acute hyperoxic lung injury by modulating the SIRT1 signaling pathway and

suppressing TNF- α overexpression, providing a potential therapeutic target and theoretical basis for preventing neonatal hyperoxic

lung injury.

Clinical Analysis of 48 Cases of Double-Balloon Enteroscopy

Zhao Chunping, Yang Xiaoying, Dong Xiaona, Shi Duxuan, Huang Jinjie, Li Bowen

2025, 10(4):  38-41.  DOI: ［DOI］10. 3969 / j. issn. 2096-2266. 2025. 04. 007

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〔Abstract〕 Objective: To investigate the clinical diagnostic application of double-balloon enteroscopy （DBE） in small intestinal

diseases. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of 48 patients with suspected small intestinal diseases

who underwent DBE at the First People's Hospital of Dali City from April 2017 to October 2024. Patient characteristics, including

gender, age, insertion route and depth, and disease detection rates, were recorded. Results: A total of 50 DBE procedures were

performed on 48 patients, including 27 via oral insertion and 23 via anal insertion, with an overall disease detection rate of 70.8%

（34/48）. The insertion depth via the oral route was significantly greater than that via the anal route, with a statistically significant

difference （P<0.01）. The most common indications for DBE were obscure gastrointestinal bleeding （OGIB） and abdominal pain.

Patients aged ≤40 years primarily underwent DBE for OGIB, while those aged >40 years were predominantly examined for abdominal

pain, with a statistically significant difference （P<0.05）. Among different age groups, patients aged >40 years exhibited significantly

higher detection rates of ulcers, inflammation, and overall disease compared to those aged ≤40 years （P<0.05）. No severe complications

were reported in all cases. Conclusion: DBE has high diagnostic value for small intestinal diseases and is particularly effective in

identifying the etiology of OGIB and abdominal pain.

Effects of Hysteroscopic Cold Knife Resection of Endometrial Polyps on Endometrial Receptivity and Pregnancy in Women of Reproductive Age

Liao Ling, Zhu Yongting, Yang Cuimu, Pan Yan, Yu Rihong

2025, 10(4):  42-45.  DOI: ［DOI］10. 3969 / j. issn. 2096-2266. 2025. 04. 008

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〔Abstract〕 Objective: To investigate the effects of hysteroscopic cold knife resection on endometrial receptivity and pregnancy rates

in women of reproductive age with endometrial polyps. Methods: Ninety patients with endometrial polyps were divided into an

observation group （hysteroscopic cold knife resection, n=45） and a control group （hysteroscopic electric resection, n=45） based on the

different surgical procedures. Surgical operation time, intraoperative bleeding, duration of postoperative vaginal bleeding, postoperative

3-month pictorial blood loss assessment chart （PBAC） score, endometrial thickness at ovulation, complication rate, pregnancy rate,

and recurrence rate were compared between the two groups. Results: The observation group exhibited significantly shorter surgical

operation time and postoperative vaginal bleeding duration and reduced intraoperative blood loss compared to the control group. Three

months postoperatively, PBAC scores and endometrial thickness during the ovulation phase were significantly higher in the observation

group. Additionally, the observation group demonstrated significantly lower complication and recurrence rates and a higher pregnancy

rate, with all differences being statistically significant （P<0.05）. Conclusion: Compared to electric resection, cold knife resection for

the treatment of endometrial polyps offers advantages such as shorter operative time, reduced intraoperative blood loss, and faster

postoperative recovery, thereby improving pregnancy rates.

Effects of Monocular Wear of Orthokeratology Lenses on Ocular Surface Function and Visual Quality

Guo Chenwen, Li Juan, Cheng Fangyuan, Li Zhaohui, Zhu Tao, Wang Liang

2025, 10(4):  46-51.  DOI: ［DOI］10. 3969 / j. issn. 2096-2266. 2025. 04. 009

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〔Abstract〕 Objective: To investigate the effects of short-term wear of orthokeratology lenses on ocular surface function and visual

quality in children with monocular myopia. Methods: Fifty-two children with monocular myopia who visited Wuhu Eye Hospital from

December 2023 to June 2024 were randomly selected for the study. The myopic eyes （wearing orthokeratology lenses） were set as the

observation group, and the contralateral non-myopic eyes （not wearing orthokeratology lenses） were set as the control group. The

uncorrected visual acuity, ocular surface function indicators, and visual quality indicators of both eyes were evaluated, and the factors

influencing ocular discomfort symptoms were analyzed. Results: After wearing orthokeratology lenses, the uncorrected visual acuity in

the observation group remained at 1.0 or above. The ocular surface disease index （OSDI） score significantly increased over time, and

the tear film break-up time significantly decreased compared to the baseline level （P<0.05）, but there was no significant change in

tear meniscus height （P>0.05）. After lens wear, the Strehl ratio and modulation transfer function significantly decreased, while higher

order aberrations, total spherical aberration, and total coma significantly increased, with the most significant changes observed in the

first week （P<0.01）, followed by a stabilization trend. However, there was no significant change in total trefoil （P>0.05）. The change

in OSDI score was positively correlated only with the increase in total coma （P<0.05）. Conclusion: Short-term wear of orthokeratology

lenses can improve uncorrected visual acuity but may lead to increased ocular discomfort symptoms, decreased tear film stability, and

decreased objective visual quality. The increase in ocular discomfort symptoms is not related to the decrease in tear film stability but is

associated with the increase in total coma.

Cross-Sectional Imaging Anatomy and Needle Insertion Depth Analysis of the Ciliao （BL32） Acupoint

Hu Jinbo, Wang Shunmei, Wang Bin

2025, 10(4):  52-55.  DOI: ［DOI］10. 3969 / j. issn. 2096-2266. 2025. 04. 010

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〔Abstract〕 Objective: To explore the anatomical structure and needle insertion depth of the Ciliao （BL32） acupoint by magnetic

resonance imaging （MRI） technology, and to provide a scientific basis for clinical acupuncture practice. Methods: Forty-one adult

volunteers were enrolled to serve as the subjects of the study. Cross-sectional MRI images of the Ciliao acupoint were obtained to

identify anatomical structures and measure needle insertion depth. Differences and correlations between insertion depth and variables

such as gender, height, weight, and body mass index （BMI） were analyzed. Results: The cross-sectional anatomical layers of the

Ciliao acupoint were identified as skin, subcutaneous tissue, superficial layer of the thoracolumbar fascia, erector spinae, and the

second posterior sacral foramen, consistent with observations from gross anatomical specimens. The needle insertion depths for the left

and right Ciliao acupoints were （4.1±1.0） cm and （4.1±0.9） cm, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference between

the needling depths and gender, but a positive correlation was found with body type. Individuals with greater weight and BMI required

bigger needle insertion value. Conclusion: Cross-sectional MRI imaging accurately reflects the anatomical structure, layers, and

adjacent relationships of the Ciliao acupoint. This method enhances the understanding of its anatomy, needle insertion depth, and

angle, providing valuable guidance for clinical acupuncture practice.

Potential Predictive Value of NHR, MHR and WHR in Acute Coronary Artery Disease

Mao Juncong, Hong Yunfei, Wei Yin, Cai Yerui, Yin Jinsong

2025, 10(4):  56-64.  DOI: ［DOI］10. 3969 / j. issn. 2096-2266. 2025. 04. 011

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〔Abstract〕Objective: To investigate the predictive efficacy of monocyte to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio （MHR）,

neutrophil to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio （NHR）, and white blood cell to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio

（WHR） on the onset risk and the severity of coronary artery disease in patients with acute coronary syndrome （ACS）. Methods: A

total of 130 patients with ACS who received emergency percutaneous coronary intervention in the Third People's Hospital of Yunnan

Province from January 2023 to January 2024 were selected as the study objects and included into the case group, another 80 patients

who received coronary angiography in the hospital during the same period and excluded ACS were selected as the control group.

According to the Gensini score, ACS patients were divided into a high lesion group （Gensini score ≥ 48, 66 cases） and a low lesion

group （Gensini score<48, 64 cases）. Differences in baseline and experimental data between the groups were compared, and relevant

statistical analyses were used to analyze the correlation between NHR, MHR, WHR, and the severity of ACS. Results: Significant

differences in MHR, NHR, and WHR were observed between the case group and the control group. These three indicators were

positively correlated with the Gensini score of the severity of coronary artery disease. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis further

revealed that NHR was an independent predictor of the severity of coronary artery disease. ROC curve analysis showed that NHR had

high predictive value, with an area under the curve of 0.673. NHR≥3.862 5 was identified as the optimal cutoff value for assessing the

severity of coronary artery disease in patients with ACS. Conclusion: NHR serves as an independent risk factor for coronary artery

disease severity, showing a significant positive correlation with the Gensini score. With a high predictive value, a higher NHR level

indicates a more severe coronary lesion, making it an important biomarker for assessing the severity of coronary artery disease in ACS

patients.

Prediction of Prognosis in Ischemic Stroke Patients Using Dual-Source CT Perfusion Imaging Parameters

Yang Yanmeng, Wang Guangming, Cheng Yuhao, Zhang Juntao, Hu Zuhang, Tang Yanlong

2025, 10(4):  65-69.  DOI: ［DOI］10. 3969 / j. issn. 2096-2266. 2025. 04. 012

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〔Abstract〕 Objective: To explore the prognostic value of dual-source CT perfusion imaging （CTPI） parameters in ischemic stroke

patients. Methods: Ninety ischemic stroke patients admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Dali University from March 2022 to

February 2024 were included. CTPI was performed to obtain cerebral blood flow （CBF）, cerebral blood volume （CBV）, mean transit

time （MTT）, time to drain （TTD）, and time to maximum （TMAX）. Patients were categorized into favorable and unfavorable prognosis

groups based on the modified Rankin Scale （mRS） scores at discharge. CTPI parameters were compared between the two groups, and

differences between the affected and unaffected hemispheres were analyzed. Spearman correlation was used to examine relationships

between CTPI parameters and prognosis, and the impact of infarct volume, penumbra volume, and peak reciculation rate on prognosis

was evaluated. Receiver operator characteristic （ROC） curves were generated to assess the predictive value of CTPI parameters.

Results: The unfavorable prognosis group had significantly lower CBF and CBV, and prolonged MTT, TTD, and TMAX compared with

the favorable prognosis group. In the affected hemisphere, CBF and CBV were significantly reduced, while MTT, TTD, and TMAX were

notably prolonged compared with the unaffected hemisphere （P<0.05）. Spearman analysis revealed negative correlations between CBF,

CBV and prognosis, while MTT, TTD, TMAX, and penumbra volume were positively correlated with poor prognosis. ROC curve

analysis showed that CBF, MTT, and TTD had high predictive value for prognosis. Conclusion: Dual-source CTPI parameters

effectively evaluate the prognosis of ischemic stroke patients. Reduced CBF or CBV and prolonged MTT, TTD, and TMAX indicate

poor prognosis. CTPI is of great clinical significance for early diagnosis and prognosis assessment in ischemic stroke.

Mendelian Randomization Analysis of the Causal Relationship between Homocysteine and Pulmonary Embolism

Duan Weiting, Wang Guanming, Zhang Ping

2025, 10(4):  70-76.  DOI: ［DOI］10. 3969 / j. issn. 2096-2266. 2025. 04. 013

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〔Abstract〕 Objective: To explore the causal relationship between homocysteine （Hcy） and pulmonary embolism by two-sample

Mendelian randomization analysis. Methods: Using Hcy related genome-wide association analysis data, 18 single nucleotide

polymorphism （SNP） loci related to Hcy were selected. After strict screening, 8 SNP loci were finally included as instrumental

variables for MR analysis. The dataset for pulmonary embolism was derived from the Finnish database and included information on

16 380 466 SNP loci in 218 413 subjects. Inverse variance weighted method was used as the main method, supplemented by MR

Egger regression method and weighted median method, to evaluate the relationship between exposure factors （Hcy） and outcome

（pulmonary embolism）. Cochran's Q test, MR-Egger intercept analysis and MR-PRESSO detection were used to analyze the

sensitivity of MR analysis results. Results: Inverse variance weighted analysis showed that elevated Hcy levels increased the risk of

pulmonary embolism （OR=1.267, 95%CI: 1.066-1.518, P=0.007）. Cochran's Q test （P=0.733） and MR-PRESSO test （P=0.777）

showed no heterogeneity in the results. The intercept of the MR-Egger method （P=0.548） and the basic symmetry of the funnel plot

indicated that there was no horizontal pleiotropy in the results. No significant effect of single SNP site on MR analysis results was

observed by leave-one-out test. Conclusion: Elevated Hcy levels increase the risk of pulmonary embolism, and there is a positive

causal relationship between Hcy and pulmonary embolism.

Exploration and Teaching Practice of Ideological and Political Education Elements in Forensic Medicine Curriculum under the Perspective of New Medical Sciences

Gao Bo, Pan Yun

2025, 10(4):  77-82.  DOI: ［DOI］10.3969 / j. issn.2096-2266.2025.04.014

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〔Abstract〕Based on the current status of medical education, this study systematically extracts ideological and political education

elements embedded in the forensic medicine curriculum, aligning with the fundamental goal of moral education and the specific talent

cultivation requirements of the New Medical Sciences. By constructing a typical case database and flexibly applying diversified

teaching methods and targeted instructional strategies, ideological and political education is effectively integrated into course teaching.

Meanwhile, the teaching effectiveness is evaluated, and post-class reflections are conducted, aiming to provide a practical reference for

curriculum ideological and political education reform in medical talent cultivation under the New Medical Sciences framework.

Application of Online Teaching Combined with Formative Assessment in Surgical Education for International Medical Students

Li Jiangyan, Li Shaobo, Liu Rengui, Wang Ning, Chen Yiming, Yang Li, Wu Xuedong

2025, 10(4):  83-86.  DOI: ［DOI］10. 3969 / j. issn. 2096-2266. 2025. 04. 015

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〔Abstract〕 Objective: To investigate the effectiveness of online teaching in the theoretical teaching of surgery for undergraduate

international medical students and assess the role of multiple real-time timed quizzes in enhancing the quality of online teaching.

Methods: A total of 573 international undergraduate students majoring in clinical medicine at Dali University from the classes of 2014

to 2018 were included in the study. Some grades received traditional in-person teaching, while others shifted to online teaching due to

the COVID-19 pandemic. The final examination scores of Surgery 1 and Surgery 2 were compared between the online and in-person

teaching groups to analyze the impact of online teaching on learning outcomes. Results: The online teaching group achieved

significantly higher scores in Surgery 1, Surgery 2, and overall performance compared with the in-person teaching group （P<0.001）.

Additionally, the failure rate in the online teaching group （16.09%） was substantially lower than that in the in-person teaching group

（70.82%）. Moreover, students from the classes of 2016, who received online instruction, achieved significantly higher scores in

Surgery 2 compared to other cohorts （P<0.001）. Conclusion: Online teaching combined with multiple real-time timed quizzes can

effectively improve the theoretical teaching outcomes in surgery, enhance student engagement, and boost examination performance.

This teaching strategy provides a valuable reference for optimizing online medical education and serves as a basis for future

improvements in online and blended teaching models.

Analysis of the Causes of Death of Residents in Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture from 2015 to 2022 Based on DLNM

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Li Wanying, Ji Siyu, Chen Zizhen, Huang Ke, Yan Yongxiang, Xiang Meng, Li Lijuan

2025, 10(4):  87-94.  DOI: ［DOI］10. 3969 / j. issn. 2096-2266. 2025. 04. 016

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〔Abstract〕 Objective: To analyze the changes of resident deaths affected by temperature and air pollution from 2015 to 2022 in Dali

Bai Autonomous Prefecture, and to provide scientific basis for formulating corresponding public health strategies. Methods: Population

death data, meteorological data and air pollution data were collected in Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture from 2015 to 2022. A

distributed lag non-linear model （DLNM） was constructed to analyze the nonlinear effect and cumulative lag effect of exposure to

different daily temperature levels and PM values on local population death. Results: A total of 194 480 residents died in Dali Bai

Autonomous Prefecture from 2015 to 2022, with a standardized mortality rate of 624.34/100 000. Both low temperature and high

temperature had an impact on the death of the population, and the DLNM modeling results showed that the relative risk （RR） value of

resident death increases under both high temperature and low temperature conditions. However, with the increase of the cumulative lag

time, the RR value at high temperature gradually decreases, and the cumulative effect does not change significantly at low temperature.

In Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture, the RR values were not high when residents were exposed to low PM

2.5

and low PM

10

values, while

the RR values were large when exposed to high PM

2.5

and high PM

10

values. However, the RR values gradually decreased with the

increase of the cumulative lag time. Conclusion: Residents of Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture, especially those who suffer from

cardiovascular system, respiratory system and other basic illnesses, should take personal warming measures in low temperatures;

meanwhile, reduce the frequency of going out and take personal protective measures when the air quality decreases.

Analysis of the Current Situation and Influencing Factors of the Academic Resilience Level of Nursing Students

Duan Qingluan, Li Xuechun, Yao Juan, Zhao Guifeng, Lin Ke

2025, 10(4):  95-100.  DOI: ［DOI］10. 3969 / j. issn. 2096-2266. 2025. 04. 017

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〔Abstract〕 Objective: To investigate the current situation of academic resilience level of nursing students and analyze its influencing

factors. Methods: A total of 690 nursing students from 4 universities in Yunnan Province were selected by convenience sampling

method from March to May 2024. The general information questionnaire and Academic Resilience Inventory for Nursing Students were

adopted as research tools. Results: The total score of the academic resilience level of 690 nursing major students was （50.60±11.06）

points. The grade level of study, the hierarchical level of the school, whether the students serve as class leaders, their attitude towards

the nursing major, the employment prospects of the nursing major, the satisfaction with college life, and the situation of family

relationships were the influencing factors of the academic resilience level of nursing major students （P<0.05）, which can explain

54.58% of the total variation. Conclusion: The academic resilience level of nursing students needs to be improved. Universities,

hospitals and other training units should take appropriate training and measures to actively improve the level of academic resilience,

alleviate academic anxiety and improve learning outcomes.