Table of Content

15 February 2026, Volume 11 Issue 2

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Two New Triterpenoid Compounds from the Fruiting Bodies of Fomitopsis cajanderi

Zhang Chaoxian, Wang Shuang

2026, 11(2):  1-6.  DOI: 10. 3969 / j. issn. 2096-2266. 2026. 02. 001

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Objective: To discover novel secondary metabolites from higher fungi, the chemical constituents of the fruiting bodies of
Fomitopsis cajanderi collected from the Changbai Mountain were investigated. Methods: The chloroform-acetone-methanol (volume ra⁃
tio=1∶1∶1) extract of the fruiting bodies was separated and purified using silica gel column chromatography, gel chromatography,
medium-pressure liquid chromatography, and preparative high-performance liquid chromatography. The structures of the isolated com⁃
pounds were elucidated by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and other spectroscopic techniques. Results: Six 24-methyl
lanostane-type triterpenoids were isolated from the fruiting bodies, identified as 3α-(3′-methyl-carboxyacetoxy)-24-methylene-23-
oxylanost-8-en-26-oic acid (1), 3α-(3′-methyl-carboxyacetoxy)-24-methyllanost-8-en-26-oic acid (2), 3α-(3′-methoxy-1′,3′-di⁃
oxopropoxy)-24S-methyl-23-oxo-25S-lanost-8-en-26-oic acid (3), 12β,23S-epoxy-3α-(3′-methylcarboxy-actoxy)-24S,25S-24-
methyllanost-8-en-23,26-γ-latone (4), 24-methyl-lanost-8,24-dien-23S,26-lactone (5) and 3α-(3′-methoxy-1′,3′-dioxopropoxy)-
24-methyl-lanost-8,24-dien-23S,26-lactone (6). Conclusion: Compounds 1 and 2, named cajanderin A and cajanderin B respec⁃
tively, are new compounds that have not been reported before. Compounds 1-4 are triterpenoid derivatives that were first isolated from
F. cajanderi.

Research on the "One-Pot" Synthesis of Isoprene Compounds

Zhang Haipeng, Wang Lihua, Lei Ting, Jiang Shizhi,

2026, 11(2):  7-14.  DOI: 10. 3969 / j. issn. 2096-2266. 2026. 02. 002

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Objective: To explore the synthesis of a series of compounds with isoprene side chains using brominated aromatic hydro⁃
carbons as starting materials. Methods: At 135 ℃, the palladium-catalyzed Heck-dehydration reaction was adopted to introduce the
isoprene side chain through the "one-pot" protocol. Results: Twelve compounds containing isoprene side chains were successfully syn⁃
thesized using the "one-pot" protocol. Conclusion: A synthetic strategy with a short route and high atomic economy has been devel⁃
oped, which solves the problems of complex steps and high cost in traditional methods and enables the simple construction of complex
molecules.

Effects of Periplaneta americana Extract CⅡ-3 on Cyclophosphamide-Induced Intestinal Immune Injury

Yan Na, Wu Guangjun, Zhang Weiwei, Liu Xiaobo, Guo Meixian

2026, 11(2):  15-21.  DOI: 10. 3969 / j. issn. 2096-2266. 2026. 02. 003

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Objective: To investigate the effects of Periplaneta americana extract CⅡ-3 on cyclophosphamide-induced intestinal
immune injury. Methods: Forty Balb/c mice were randomly divided into a normal group, a model group, and low-, medium-, and
high-dose CⅡ-3 groups (25, 50, and 100 mg/kg). Except for the normal group, all mice received intraperitoneal injections of
cyclophosphamide (40 mg/kg) for three consecutive days to establish the model. From day 4, mice in the treatment groups were administered
CⅡ-3 by gavage for 14 days, while the normal and model groups received 0.9% sodium chloride solution. Fecal water content, Peyer′s
patches (PPs) numbers, and intestinal IgA, IgM, and sIgA levels were measured. Histopathological changes were evaluated by
hematoxylin-eosin staining, and mRNA expression of immune-related genes was detected by real-time quantitative PCR. Results: Cyclophos⁃
phamide significantly reduced fecal water content, PPs numbers, and IgA, IgM, and sIgA levels, and caused intestinal mucosal damage.
CⅡ-3 treatment dose-dependently increased fecal water content and immunoglobulin levels, elevated PPs numbers, and alleviated
histological injury. Medium- and high-dose CⅡ-3 upregulated T-bet, GATA-3, and Foxp3 expression while downregulating RORγt,
thereby restoring Th1/Th2 and Th17/Treg balance. High-dose CⅡ-3 significantly increased the expression of Occludin, Claudin-1,
and Zo-1, improving intestinal barrier function. Conclusion: CⅡ-3 ameliorates cyclophosphamide-induced intestinal injury and
enhances mucosal immune function by regulating immune cell balance, promoting antibody production, and enhancing tight junction
protein expression, providing a theoretical basis for its application in intestinal immune injury intervention.

Occupational Exposure Assessment and Safety Management of Antineoplastic Drugs in Four PIVAS in#br# Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture

Xiao Shanrui, Gu Yun, Xie Yuxuan, Wang Haixiu, Zhang Gang, Wei Zhengxiang, Li Xia

2026, 11(2):  22-30.  DOI: 10. 3969 / j. issn. 2096-2266. 2026. 02. 004

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Objective: To assess the residue of antineoplastic drugs (ADs) in the working environment and the occupational exposure
of staff in four pharmacy intravenous admixture service (PIVAS) in Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture. Methods: Paclitaxel and cisplatin
were selected as indicators, and samples of PIVAS environment and personal protective equipment wiping from 4 hospitals were col⁃
lected for environmental monitoring. Forty staff members who were exposed to ADs were selected as the exposure group, while 40 nonexposed
individuals were selected as the non-exposure group. Blood samples were collected for blood routine test and five-item im⁃
mune panel tests. Results: The detection rates of paclitaxel and cisplatin in environmental samples were 3.57% and 28.57% respec⁃
tively, and the maximum residues were 3.08 ng/mL and 56.62 ng/mL respectively. The detection rates on the surfaces of protective
equipment were 6.25% and 62.50% respectively, and the maximum residues were 5.22 ng/mL and 527.70 ng/mL respectively. Biologi⁃
cal monitoring showed that only the monocyte count in the blood routine of the two groups was marginally significant (P=0.050), and af⁃
ter adjusting for confounding factors, occupational exposure only had a significant effect on the monocyte count (P<0.05). There were no
statistically significant differences in the five immune indicators between the two groups (P>0.05). Conclusion: Residual ADs were de⁃
tected on surfaces in the PIVAS working environment and protective equipment. Changes in the number of monocytes among the ex⁃
posed staff indicate a potential impact on immune function associated with long-term or high-level exposure. Enhanced PIVAS envi⁃
ronmental cleaning, strict personal protection, regular environmental and biological monitoring are recommended to mitigate the risk of
occupational exposure.

Levels and Functional Effects of Cross-Reactive Antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 in the Yunnan Population

Wang Yang, Shang Fangjian, Yang Manqing, Shan Jing, Liu Qi

2026, 11(2):  31-36.  DOI: 10. 3969 / j. issn. 2096-2266. 2026. 02. 005

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Objective: To investigate the levels of cross-reactive antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 in the Yunnan population and their
potential role during the early phase of SARS-CoV-2 circulation. Methods: Indirect ELISA was used to detect the positive rates of
cross-reactive antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 S, S1, and RBD proteins in 1 907 serum samples collected between January 2019 and
June 2020. Stratified analyzes were conducted according to sex, age, ethnicity, and region. A cell fusion model was employed to
evaluate the functional effects of antibodies on SARS-CoV-2 infection. Results: The seropositivity rates of cross-reactive antibodies
against S, S1, and RBD proteins were 16.68%, 10.75%, and 1.26%, respectively. Significant differences were observed among age
groups (P<0.001), and partial differences were found between urban and rural populations and among ethnic groups (P<0.05).
Functional assays showed that 76.80% of positive sera had no obvious effect on cell fusion, 21.87% enhanced fusion, and 1.33% inhibited
fusion. Sera with enhancement effects exhibited relatively higher P/N values. Conclusion: Cross-reactive antibodies against
SARS-CoV-2 are prevalent in the Yunnan population, and a subset may possess potential infection-enhancing activity, highlighting
their relevance in risk assessment and prevention strategies for emerging coronavirus infections.

Effects of Radical Esophagectomy Combined with Chemoradiotherapy on Clinical Efficacy and Immune#br# Function in Patients with Advanced Esophageal Cancer

Wei Zhuang, Hu Yangyang

2026, 11(2):  37-41.  DOI: 10. 3969 / j. issn. 2096-2266. 2026. 02. 006

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Objective: To evaluate the clinical efficacy of radical esophagectomy combined with chemoradiotherapy in patients with
advanced esophageal cancer and its impact on immune function. Methods: Ninety-eight patients with advanced esophageal cancer ad⁃
mitted to Shuyang County Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital between December 2023 and January 2025 were randomly divided
into a control group (radical surgery alone) and an intervention group (radical surgery plus chemoradiotherapy). Clinical efficacy, im⁃
mune function indicators, serum tumor markers, and adverse reactions were compared between groups. Results: The total effective rate
in the intervention group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P<0.05). After 12 weeks of treatment, the intervention
group showed significantly increased in CD3+ levels and decreased in CD4+ and CD8+ levels，and the ratio of CD4+/CD8+, along with re⁃
duced serum levels of carcinoembryonic antigen and cyto-keratin-19 fragment antigen 21-1 (P<0.01). No significant difference in ad⁃
verse reaction rates was observed between groups (P>0.05). Conclusion: Radical esophagectomy combined with chemoradiotherapy
significantly improves treatment efficacy, enhances immune function, and reduces tumor marker levels in patients with advanced
esophageal cancer, demonstrating favorable safety and clinical application value.

Analysis of Risk Factors for Delayed Bleeding after Endoscopic Resection of Colorectal Polyps

Shi Duxuan, Yang Xiaoying, Liu Yang, Li Bowen, Zhao Chunping

2026, 11(2):  42-47.  DOI: 10. 3969 / j. issn. 2096-2266. 2026. 02. 007

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Objective: To analyze the risk factors for delayed bleeding after endoscopic resection of colorectal polyps, and to provide a
reference for clinical risk assessment and perioperative management. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 2 688 pa⁃
tients who underwent endoscopic colorectal polypectomy in the Endoscopy Center of the First People′s Hospital of Dali City from Janu⁃
ary 2021 to December 2022. General clinical characteristics, polyp features, and surgical information were collected. Patients were di⁃
vided into a bleeding group and a non-bleeding group according to the occurrence of delayed bleeding. Univariate analysis was per⁃
formed to identify associated factors, followed by multivariate Logistic regression to determine independent risk factors. Results:
Among 2 688 patients, delayed bleeding occurred in 55 cases, with an incidence rate of 2.05%, mostly occurring within 1-9 days post⁃
operatively. Univariate analysis showed that age, sex, body mass index (BMI), polyp diameter, location, and morphology were associated
with delayed bleeding (P<0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression indicated that male, younger age, BMI≥24 kg/m2, polyp diameter≥1 cm,
right-sided colonic location, and pedunculated polyps were independent risk factors for delayed bleeding. Conclusion: The incidence
of delayed bleeding after endoscopic resection of colorectal polyps is relatively low. However, male patients, younger individuals, those
who are overweight or obese, and patients with larger polyps, right-sided colorectal polyps, or pedunculated polyps have an increased
risk. Identifying high-risk patients and implementing targeted preventive measures can effectively reduce the risk of postoperative
bleeding and improve treatment safety.

Retrospective Analysis of Colonoscopy Outcomes in 349 Pediatric Patients

Zhao Chunping, Shi Duxuan, Yang Xiaoying, Zhao Xianlin, Zhang Qinyuan, Guo Shunhong, Li Bowen

2026, 11(2):  48-52.  DOI: 10. 3969 / j. issn. 2096-2266. 2026. 02. 008

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Objective: To evaluate the safety and clinical value of colonoscopy in pediatric patients with lower gastrointestinal dis⁃
eases and to analyze indications and detection rates across age groups. Methods: Clinical data from 349 pediatric patients who under⁃
went colonoscopy between January 2022 and December 2024 were retrospectively analyzed. The age, clinical manifestations, the rate of
taotal colon examination and the detection of disease were collected. Patients were divided into 0-6-year and 7-14-year groups. The
reasons for examination and the detection of disease in different groups were compared, and the effects of painless versus conventional
colonoscopy were assessed. Results: A total of 367 colonoscopies were completed, with an overall complete colonoscopy rate of
85.83%, significantly higher in the 7-14-year group than in the 0-6-year group (94.29% vs. 64.42%, P<0.001). No severe complica⁃
tions occurred. The overall disease detection rate was 56.16%. Hematochezia was the primary indication in the 0-6-year group, with
higher detection rates of intestinal polyps and eosinophilic enteritis, whereas abdominal pain was the main indication in the 7-14-year
group, with a higher detection rate of colitis. A total of 56 polyps were detected, with juvenile polyps being the most common type. Con⁃
clusion: Colonoscopy is safe and effective for diagnosing and managing lower gastrointestinal diseases among pediatric patients. How⁃
ever, the rate of complete colonoscopy is relatively lower in younger children, which is related to poor compliance with bowel prepara⁃
tion and low cooperation during the procedure. The use of painless colonoscopy can improve completion rates. Rational selection of in⁃
dications and enhanced preoperative education may optimize the application of colonoscopy in pediatric practice.

Effects of Topical Lidocaine Combined with Remimazolam-Propofol on Hypoxemia during#br# Painless Gastroscopy

Li Zhen, Liao Fei, Zhou Yun, Li Hua, Ma Binbin, Si Yongyu

2026, 11(2):  53-56.  DOI: 10. 3969 / j. issn. 2096-2266. 2026. 02. 009

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Objective: To evaluate the sedative efficacy of topical lidocaine combined with remimazolam-propofol and its effect on
the incidence of intraoperative hypoxemia during painless gastroscopy in high-altitude winter. Methods: Clinical data of patients un⁃
dergoing painless gastroscopy between November 2024 and January 2025 were retrospectively analyzed. Patients were divided into a
propofol-only group and a lidocaine-remimazolam-propofol combination group. Propoful group was given propofol intravenous injec⁃
tion anesthesia, while the combination group received lidocaine throat spray combined with remifentanil-propofol regimen. Intraopera⁃
tive hypoxemia and respiratory depression, minimum and postoperative SpO2, jaw-thrust frequency and duration, recovery time, and
satisfaction scores were compared. Results: No significant differences in baseline characteristics were observed. No hypoxemia or respi⁃
ratory depression occurred in the combination group, whereas both occurred in 4.32% of patients in the propofol group (P<0.05). The
combination group showed significantly higher intraoperative and postoperative SpO2 level, a shorter recovery time, and higher physi⁃
cian and patient satisfaction scores (P<0.05). Conclusion: The combination of topical lidocaine with remimazolam-propofol signifi⁃
cantly reduces the incidence of intraoperative hypoxemia during painless gastroscopy, improves respiratory function, shortens recovery
time, enhances procedural ease and patient satisfaction, and demonstrates favorable safety and clinical value for broader application.

Clinical Application of Xpert MTB/RIF in the Diagnosis of Pulmonary Tuberculosis and Detection of#br# Rifampicin Resistance#br#

Zeng Ling, Fu Min, Luo Nan, Wu Yue

2026, 11(2):  57-62.  DOI: 10. 3969 / j. issn. 2096-2266. 2026. 02. 010

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Objective: To explore the clinical value of Xpert MTB/RIF technology in the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis and the
detection of rifampicin resistance. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of 302 patients with suspected
pulmonary tuberculosis. The specimens were tested using acid-fast staining smear, liquid culture, and Xpert MTB/RIF. The diagnostic
efficacy of the three methods was compared, and the accuracy of Xpert MTB/RIF in detecting rifampicin resistance was evaluated
against proportional drug susceptibility testing (DST) as the gold standard. Results: Among the specimens of 150 confirmed pulmonary
tuberculosis patients, the positive rates were 7.3% (11/150) for acid-fast staining, 54.7% (82/150) for liquid culture, and 98.0% (147/
150) for Xpert MTB/RIF. The positive rate of Xpert MTB/RIF was significantly higher than those of the other two methods (P<0.001).
Among the 150 confirmed cases, the rifampicin resistance rates detected by Xpert MTB/RIF and proportional DST were 12.0% (18/
150) and 12.7% (19/150), respectively, and the difference was not statistically significant (P=0.836). Using proportional DST as the
gold standard, the sensitivity and specificity of Xpert MTB/RIF for detecting rifampicin resistance were 84.2% (16/19) and 98.5% (129/
131), respectively. The two methods showed high consistency (Kappa=0.846, 95%CI: 0.732-0.960, P<0.001). Conclusion: Xpert MTB/
RIF can rapidly and accurately detect Mycobacterium tuberculosis and its rifampicin resistance, demonstrating significant clinical appli⁃
cation value. It can serve as an important tool for the diagnosis and resistance screening of pulmonary tuberculosis.

Research Progress on the Bio-Psycho-Social Factors and Psychological Intervention of Postpartum Depression

Heng Yanfu, Gao Ge, Lü Shuhua

2026, 11(2):  63-71.  DOI: 10. 3969 / j. issn. 2096-2266. 2026. 02. 011

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Postpartum depression is a common mental disorder after childbirth, with a complex pathogenesis involving biological, psy⁃
chological, and social factors. Biological factors are closely related to genetics and hormonal fluctuations. Psychological factors include
inadequate knowledge of childbirth and poor adaptation to role change. Social factors mainly include lack of social support and adverse
family environment. In recent years, psychological intervention measures for postpartum depression, such as cognitive behavioral
therapy and mindfulness-based stress reduction therapy, have shown remarkable efficacy. By improving cognitive patterns and strengthening
emotional management abilities, they can effectively alleviate symptoms and enhance the quality of life of patients.

Visualization Analysis of the Role of University Medical Journals in Talent Cultivation under the "New#br# Medical Science" Initiative

Zhang Li, Qing Lili, Xu Xieqiu, Zhang Kun

2026, 11(2):  72-80.  DOI: 10. 3969 / j. issn. 2096-2266. 2026. 02. 012

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Based on the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) database, this study employs bibliometric and visual analy⁃
sis to systematically review the evolution and research trends of studies related to "New Medical Science" in university medical jour⁃
nals. The findings reveal significant growth in this field since 2019, with sustained scholarly attention. Keyword co-occurrence and
cluster analysis show that "New Medical Science" is strongly linked to nodes such as "curriculum ideology and politics" and "talent cul⁃
tivation", indicating that medical education reform and talent cultivation are research focuses in this field. Meanwhile, the emergence of
key words such as "medical-education collaboration" and "integration of specialization and innovation" further demonstrates the inno⁃
vative exploration of talent cultivation models. Burst detection analysis indicates that "teaching reform" was the earliest emerging key⁃
word, followed by "New Agriculture", "New Engineering" and "New Liberal Arts" demonstrating a trend toward interdisciplinary inte⁃
gration. Currently, there are still some challenges in this field, including a limited number of high-impact journal publications and the
necessity to deepen research and enhance academic influence. In the future, university medical journals should further optimize their
column structures and expand dissemination platforms to better support medical education reform and talent cultivation under the "New
Medical Science" initiative.

Exploration of the Digital Transformation Path of the Smart Education Model in Pharmacology

Wen Jing, Luo Lijun, Tian Ruimin, Zhang Jianwu, Jia Qinyao

2026, 11(2):  81-85.  DOI: 10. 3969 / j. issn. 2096-2266. 2026. 02. 013

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Objective: To explore the digital transformation path of the smart education model in pharmacology. Methods: Based on
the Superstar Learning Platform, a "three-stage progressive" teaching model of "intelligent pre-class guidance—immersive interactive
during class—consolidation and expansion after class" was designed following the principles of student-centered, contextualized learn⁃
ing and process-based assessment. The teaching process was restructured using a task-driven approach, and knowledge graphs were
used to establish knowledge associations and recommend personalized learning paths. Results: This teaching approach met the stu⁃
dents′ needs for progressive learning, created a more dynamic classroom atmosphere, enhanced their learning interest, and addressed
limitations of traditional and current blended teaching models in personalized support, process evaluation, and effectiveness quantifica⁃
tion. Conclusion: The "three-stage progressive" teaching model can effectively enhance teaching interactivity, students′ learning effi⁃
ciency, and clinical knowledge application. It provides a replicable pathway and a practical case study for the digital transformation of
pharmacology and even medical education as well as the construction of AI courses.

Therapeutic Effects of Mirabilis jalapa Root Extract on Loperamide-Induced Constipation in Mice

Meng Yang, Su Ting, Wen Xiaoxue, Cao Yongshan, Zhang Fuqin, Deng Xinping, Guo Meixian

2026, 11(2):  86-91.  DOI: 10. 3969 / j. issn. 2096-2266. 2026. 02. 014

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Objective: To investigate the ameliorative effect of Mirabilis jalapa root extract on loperamide-induced constipation in
mice, providing experimental evidence for its development and application in constipation treatment. Methods: A constipation model
was established in mice by intragastric administration of loperamide. The animals were randomly divided into a normal control group, a
model group, a positive control group, and low-, medium-, and high-dose M. jalapa extract groups, with continuous administration for
7 days. Defecation function was assessed by general condition, first black stool excretion time, the number of fecal pellets within 6
hours, and fecal water content. Gastric phenol red retention and small intestinal transit rate were measured using the phenol red
method. Colonic water content was determined to evaluate colonic hydration. Results: Compared with the normal group, the model mice
exhibited a significantly prolonged time to first black stool, reduced fecal pellet number, decreased fecal and colonic water content,
along with increased gastric phenol red retention and decreased intestinal transit rate (P<0.05), confirming successful model establishment.
Compared with the model group, medium- and high-dose M. jalapa extract significantly shortened the time to first black stool,
increased fecal pellet number within 6 hours, and improved fecal and colonic water content as well as small intestinal transit rate (P<
0.05). The high-dose extract also markedly reduced gastric phenol red retention (P<0.05), indicating enhanced gastric emptying and
intestinal motility. Conclusion: M. jalapa root extract effectively relieves constipation in mice, improves gastric emptying and small
intestinal transit function, increases fecal and colonic water content, and exerts a clear laxative effect with gastrointestinal motilitypromoting
potential.

Research and Development of the Process of Set Purple Carrot Yogurt and Changes in Its Quality during#br# Storage

Wang Yanshuang, Zhao Ziqin, Tan Jingyi, Gao Di, Zhong Mei′e, Ding Haiyan

2026, 11(2):  92-100.  DOI: 10. 3969 / j. issn. 2096-2266. 2026. 02. 015

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Taking Dali purple carrots as the main raw material, using Streptococcus thermophilus and Lactobacillus bulgaricus as
starter cultures, and taking sensory evaluation as the key indicator, the process conditions of the set purple carrot yogurt are optimized
through single-factor experiments and orthogonal experiments. The results show that the optimum conditions are as follows: the addi⁃
tion amount of purple carrot juice is 4.5%, the addition amount of white granulated sugar is 8.0%, the addition amount of starter culture
is 0.5%, the fermentation time is 9 hours, the homogenization time is 4 minutes, and the fermentation temperature is 42 ℃ . Under
these conditions, the finished yogurt exhibites a pink color, a smooth texture, a well-balanced sour-sweet taste, and a unique flavor of
purple carrots. During the storage period, the nutritional quality and product characteristics of purple carrot yogurt all changed to a cer⁃
tain extent, but the change range was smaller than that of the control yogurt, showing higher quality stability. These findings provide a
scientific basis for the industrial production of purple carrot yogurt.