西南石油大学学报(社会科学版) ›› 2017, Vol. 19 ›› Issue (1): 109-122.DOI: 10.11885/j.issn.1674-5094.2016.10.25.02

• 文史哲论丛 • 上一篇    

《老子》“道者万物之主也”古今注译辨析

吴战洪, 王红   

  1. 四川大学文学与新闻学院, 四川 成都 610064
  • 收稿日期:2016-10-25 出版日期:2017-01-01 发布日期:2017-01-01
  • 通讯作者: 王红(1959-),女(汉族),江苏南京人,教授,硕士,研究方向:魏晋南北朝文学。
  • 作者简介:吴战洪(1975-),男(汉族),河南汝南人,助教,硕士,研究方向:老子思想。

A Differentiation of Interpretations of Lao-tze's Idea of Tao

Wu Zhanhong, Wagn Hong   

  1. College of Literature and Journalism, Sichuan University, Chengdu Sichuan, 610065, China
  • Received:2016-10-25 Online:2017-01-01 Published:2017-01-01

摘要: 《老子》第62章提出了“道者万物之主也”的主张,古今注家轻忽老子思想本质及《老子》文本实际,多将其解为“万物被道宰制”或“道是万物的主宰”。实际上,老子是反斥外力主宰万物的,《老子》文中也未有道宰制万物的语义表述。验之《老子》,“主”于修辞角度当用其本义(“微弱的灯火”),而于语义视角则应用其与“助”、“辅”共通之义(“相依相佐”),也用其与“职”、“掌”同源之义(“主动认知而作为”),而不应释为其引伸义(“主宰”或“宰制”)。“道者万物之主也”要义为:老子于乱世中将道比作黑暗中微弱的灯火,坚信唯有道才能真正辅益万物生发成长,助力乱世返璞归真,而在此过程中起主导或主宰作用的是万物或世人,而非工具或境界性质之道。这体现了老子以人为本,崇尚自然,信仰唯有主动皈依自身本真才是万物或乱世之拯救正途的济世情怀。

关键词: 《老子》, 道, 《解老》, 道法自然, 万物之主, 王弼

Abstract: Ancient and modern scholars interpret Lao-tze's emphasis on Tao differently,but most of them neglected the nature of Lao-tze's thoughts and the actual meaning of the texts of Lao Tze, and misunderstood Lao-tze's thoughts about "Tao as everything is dominated by Tao" or "Tao is the master of everything". In fact, Lao-tze did not agree with the idea that external forces dominated everything, and the texts of Lao Tze did not express any such ideas. In the text, the word "zhu" is supposed to be used as its original meaning from the perspective of rhetoric; while from a semantic point of view, "zhu" should be understood as "auxiliary" or "assistance", but not as "dominate" or "control". Hence, by "Tao is the assist of everything", Lao-tze, compared Tao to dim light in the darkness, firmly believing that only Tao could truly assist everything to grow up and rescue them in troubled times; in the process, people and other things on earth are the leads or dorminants, rather than tools. This represents Lao-tze's love of man and respect to the nature, and his conviction that only by adhering to the true nature can man and nature survive and prosper.

Key words: Lao Tze, Tao, Interpretation of Lao Tze, Tao abides by the law of nature, the assist of everything, Wang Bi

中图分类号: