关键词: 马君武, 进化论, 资本主义, 社会主义, 民生主义

Abstract: Ma Junwu was the earliest Kuomintang member who discussed socialism and contacted the Marxism. Under the influence of evolution theory, in his analysis of historical development since the Western Renaissance Ma affirmed the driving force of technological progress and competition in social change, and in the review of the socialist ideology he criticized capitalism and proposed the abolition of private ownership, and the elimination of the gap between the rich and the poor and of polarization, and affirming the ideal of socialism. This constituted two basic dimensions of history analysis at that time:realism and idealism. The former seeks truth from facts, profoundly grasping the major historical proposition in social changes, and seeking solutions to the problems; the latter criticizes the reality and looks to the future, setting up a great target, so as to correct the defects and shortcomings of social reality, and to prevent serious social problems caused by social changes. Ma Junwu's critique to capitalism and his interpretation of socialism provided a thinking paradigm and basis of methodology for the formation and development of the thought of people's livelihood by the early Kuomintang.

Key words: Ma Junwu, theory of evolution, capitalism, socialism, people's livelihood