Abstract: The system of safety belt of oil and gas pipeline is the core of Law of Oil & Gas Pipeline Protection， but disagreements exist about the nature and rights structure， and the criteria for designation of the safety belt in both the theoretical and industrial circles. The safety belt of oil and gas pipeline， which consists of the core protection belt and the key protection belt and the high-risk protection belt， is a continuous operation restriction zone graded according to risk level of hazard sources nature and the different distances from pipeline center line based on the principle of“no harming and endangering the pipeline safety”， focusing on the safety of pipeline itself. In the operation restriction zones of oil and gas pipelines， different legal relationships are established due to the different nature and grade of hazard sources， which together constitute the legal system of oil and gas pipeline safety core protection zone and pipeline safety key protection zone.

Key words: soil and natural gas, safety belt of oil and gas pipeline, hazard sources, law of oil & gas pipeline protection, pipeline safety