Abstract: The implementation of the policy of “combining rural primary schools” is a natural result of the fact that the amount of rural students has decreased sharply and the geographical dispersing of schools in rural areas. After the policy of “combination of rural primary school” is implemented，many problems have arisen: the safety of primary students，the waste of teaching resources，heavier burden on teachers，heavier economic burden of rural parents and the quality of education and so on. In order to make such a good policy fully implemented，we should make better use of idle resources，determine a better and more scientific combination scheme，and enhance the safety education and traffic and food safety for students. In addition，the implementation of this policy should be based on the reality of rural areas in China.

Key words: rural primary school, combination of primary school, Pareto Optimality, economies of scale, educational resources