Abstract: Against the background of major strategies such as carbon neutrality and the "Belt and Road" Initiative, investment cooperation between China and Kazakhstan in the field of renewable energy is increasingly deepening. Both countries have formed relevant regulations on renewable energy investment and investor rights protection in bilateral treaties and domestic laws. However, in reality, due to the ambiguity of some provisions and the incomplete legal system, there are still a large number of disputes and controversies in investment. In terms of domestic law, China should introduce laws specifically aimed at protecting the rights of renewable energy investors, coordinate domestic laws and foreign-related laws and enhance cooperation between laws and policies, to form a coordinated and complete system of laws. We should also actively negotiate with Kazakhstan to clarify the rights enjoyed by Chinese renewable energy investors in bilateral agreements. Chinese investors should also conduct due diligence before investing, take the initiative to assume social responsibilities, and reduce investment risks by adding stability clauses and renegotiating clauses in concession agreements.

Key words: China and Kazakhstan renewable energy investment, investor rights protection, energy security, bilateral investment treaty, energy law, the "Belt and Road" Initiative, carbon neutrality