Abstract: Based on the "willingness-ability" analytical framework, this study develops a four-quadrant model categorizing rural residents' participation behaviors into Leaders (high willingness, high ability), Participants (high willingness, low ability), Potential Participants (low willingness, high ability), and Onlookers (low willingness, low ability).Empirical analysis has found that the core contradiction restricting residents' participation is: weakened community identity, activity supply-demand misalignment, and imbalanced institutional incentives. Targeted strategies are proposed: For Leaders, a multidimensional empowerment system integrates resource allocation, honor incentives, decision-making authority, and error-tolerance mechanisms; tiered capacity-building transitions Participants from manual labor to intellectual engagement; Potential Participants' strengths are activated through digital platform linkage, innovative distribution mechanisms, cultural identity reinforcement, flexible post creation, and skill capitalization; while Onlookers are engaged via low-threshold entry, prompt feedback, and deep engagement mechanisms. A three-dimensional safeguard—dynamic monitoring, institutional articulation, and cultural identity cultivation—collectively fosters participatory habitus, enabling dynamic transformation and collaborative governance across all groups.

Key words: rural revitalization, resident participation, incentive strategies, urban-rural integration, issues concerning agriculture, rural areas and farmers, primary-level governance