Abstract: The ecological environment of the Yangtze River Economic Belt has been seriously damaged with the rapid development of China's economy. In April 2018， Xi Jinping inspected the development of the Yangtze River Economic Belt and presided over a symposium on further promoting the development of the economic belt. In the ecological and environmental protection of the Yangtze River Economic Belt，problems still exist. Governments actively initiate ecological and environmental protection of the economic belt， but are not actively responded by the public； local governments make efforts on their own will without strategic planning；capital investment is not adequate and compensation mechanism imperfect；regional legislation is absent and supervision of protection is misplaced. In order to achieve high quality development of the Yangtze River Economic Belt， we need to enhance environmental protection awareness and create the atmosphere of environmental protection， to establish interactive mechanism， coordinating the relationship between parties with various interests， to innovate financing method and improve the environmental compensation mechanism， and to realize legislation on the Yangtze River protection and promote the environmental protection supervision， so as to build a community of shared destiny of ecological environment protection in the Yangtze River Economic Belt， making efforts to build a cooperative mechanism of environmental protection of the Yangtze River Economic Belt.

Key words: Yangtze River protection, lucid waters and lush mountains, cooperation mechanism, compensation mechanism, legislation on Yangtze River protection