Table of Content

01 November 2016, Volume 18 Issue 6

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Social Risks of Shale Gas Exploitation——A Case Study of Fuling Shale Gas Project in Chongqing

Cheng Pengli

2016, 18(6):  1-6.  DOI: 10.11885/j.issn.16745094.2016.07.28.01

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Shale gas exploitation has expanded rapidly in China due to the increasing energy needs and the prospects of shale gas exploitation.In shale gas exploration activities, the technical risks have attracted much attention and the environmental risks are gaining more concern; however, few attention has been paid to the social risks of shale gas exploitation. Through document research and fieldwork, the author did a case study of Fuling shale gas exploitation in Chongqing and analyzes the non-technical risks, especially the social risks in the exploitation of shale gas. The analysis reveals that the low compensation for land acquisition and inconsistency in compensation standard will bring social instability, which is no good for poverty alleviation. The cooperation between the local governments and village committees and the stated-owned enterprises ensures the smooth implementation of the project, but may put the local communities and the residents who are most affected and in the lowest social stratification in a weak position in interests distribution.The project also brings inequality to local economic development, with the town communities benefiting more, but the rural communities where the gas wells are located benefiting less. Such risks still exist at present; therefore, we suggest that both local economic and social development should be taken into consideration in the shale gas exploration activities in the future.

Impacts of Shale Gas Exploitation on Ecological Environment in Fuling and Countermeasures

MEI Xudong, ZHANG Silan, XIONG Deming, WANG Chaoqiang, HE Min

2016, 18(6):  7-12.  DOI: 10.11885/j.issn.16745094.2016.09.03.01

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The major breakthrough made at the national shale gas demonstration zone in Fuling has a significant impact on China's shale gas industry. The ecological environment pollution and destruction in shale gas development process are beginning to drawing people' attention. In the case study on Fuling shale gas field, we analyzed the impact of shale gas development on the ecological environment in Fuling. The analysis reveals that the ecological impacts of shale gas development in Fuling mainly consist of destruction of arable land and vegetation,water pollution,noise pollution,air pollution,and drilling cuttings solidification and burial. Active and efficient measures with emphasis on both resource development and ecological protection must be taken through management innovation and technological innovation to minimize the impacts on ecological environment. We hope that this research will provide a model for green and highly efficient shale gas development in other blocks.

Innovation in Management of Production Safety in the Gas Reservoir Development of Longwangmiao Formation

YU Zhongren, CHEN Lin

2016, 18(6):  13-18.  DOI: 10.11885/j.issn.16745094.2016.07.04.05

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Located in Moxi block of Suining, east Sichuan province in Southwest China, Longwangmiao formation gas reservoir is the largest single block gas reservoir of marine facies discovered so far in China. According to the national strategies of lowcarbon economy, gas production here is guided by the supply-side reform, aiming to exploit gas reserves safely and efficiently, and in an environmentally friendly way. We have updated the mechanism of productivity construction and the management of exploitation and production. At the age of "Internet Plus", we digitalize natural gas development and improve operation efficiency by building a new and advanced management model of production safety. This model comprises the perfection of management mechanism concerning productivity construction, the innovation of organization, the digitalization of production and the security of sour gas reservoir. Gas production in Longwangmiao formation has made great progress since the application of the model three years ago, resulting in high-quality and efficient development of gas field, and may provide experience for other gas fields in China.

A Study on International Oil Market Equilibrium in the Context of Low Oil Price

HU Guosong, LI Haidong

2016, 18(6):  19-26.  DOI: 10.11885/j.issn.16745094.2016.08.26.01

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In recent years, the international oil market is in the state of supply exceeding demand and the price of oil continues to decline, due to the global economic depression, U.S. breakthrough in shale gas technology, OPEC countries maintaining its production, and financial and geopolitics factors. The international oil market is entering a "rebalancing" period, and oil supply and demand and oil price are faced with a new round of restructuring. Using the equilibrium model, we analyze the supply and demand of international oil market, and find that the fundamentals of oil supply and demand is not easy to change in the short term, and oil price will stay low. But in the mid-long term, oil price could reach and stay at about $80 per barrel. Therefore, as a major oil producer, consumer and importer, China should seize this opportunity to accelerate structural reform of China's oil and gas industry and energy structure, to build a more complete strategic oil reserve system and to accelerate the construction of crude oil futures market, so that we can better ensure the national oil safety.

A Study on Legislation on Public Participation in Ecological Development in China

WANG Zhixin

2016, 18(6):  33-40.  DOI: 10.11885/j.issn.16745094.2016.08.23.01

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Ecological development is important for national development and interests of citizens, requiring governmental guidance, social efforts and active participation of the public. The pubic can supervise the ecological development and protect their interests so as to promote sound decision of government. However, most of the public don't have access to ecological development in China due to the lack of legislation on ensuring public participation. We need to make the right to know, the right to decide and the relief mechanism more accessible to the public, which requires legal protection. We may make efforts to introduce ecological development into the constitution, to formulate law on ecological development, to ensure the right to know, the right to decide and relief mechanism, and to enhance people's awareness to participate, so that the public can actively and orderly participate in ecological development.

Children's Narrative Ethics in the Novels of Sholokhov

XIA Yiqun

2016, 18(6):  79-83.  DOI: 10.11885/j.issn.16745094.2016.09.01.01

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The children's narrative process featuring fragmentation and details in Sholokhov's novels takes on a variety of ethics. The direct narration about children demonstrates the author's utopia ethnics, whether it be the free world which the innocent children build or the happy world where children live in. The description about revolutionary justice and injustice from the perspective of unreliable narrators such as children highlights the respect of the value of life itself in the context of revolution. In the indirect narration with children as symbols, the author focuses on the narrative significance of children's functionalization and symbolization. In the communication of adults and children, the true narrative of children's symbol represents redemption of the adult's evilness, and the misery narration reflects the author's concern on children development, and his cognition on the importance of family ethical education and mercy of Christian ethics for the weak. Besides, the adults' choices in the ethical dilemma between revolutionary justice and children who stand for the hope of humans also embody Sholokhov's respect of life.

A New Angle to Grammaire Générale et Raissonnée and Chomsky's Theory

LI Hao

2016, 18(6):  84-89.  DOI: 10.11885/j.issn.16745094.2016.10.28.01

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Grammaire Générale et Raissonnée is the first classic piece of traditional grammar theory in the west, which had been forgotten for various reasons. After Chomsky claimed that it was a pioneer of transformational generative grammar, the book again attracted people's attention. In spite of Chomsky's high praise on it, the academic circles hold that Chomsky's grammar theory is not based on Grammaire Générale et Raissonnée. The author of this paper makes a comparison between these two theories and analyzes their relations. From a philosophical point of view,Chomsky's rationalism theory both inherited and abandoned the rationalism of Grammaire Générale et Raissonnée and Descartes' philosophy. All the three are interlinked in respects of transcendentalism, rationality and universality. From the linguistic viewpoint, the research object of this book and Chomsky theory is grammar rather than the language. They argue that the task of linguistics is to find deep and hidden organization principle by rationality. From the aspect of methodology, both of them fully use the relations between logic and language, different only in specific logical methods. The structural rules in Grammaire Générale et Raissonnée comply with Chomsky's phrase structure rules with nouns and verbs actually referring to noun phrases and verb phrases in Chomsky'. From what has been discussed above, we can conclude that Grammaire Générale et Raissonnée is an important inspiration and pioneer of Chomsky's transformational generative grammar.