水力喷砂射孔孔道裂缝起裂机理研究

doi:10.11885/j.issn.1674-5086.2013.03.11.04

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

与传统射孔工艺相比，水力喷砂射孔方法产生的地层孔具有孔径大、孔道长和孔数少特点。针对射孔孔道影
响压裂裂缝形态问题，开展孔道周围应力分布及起裂机理的研究工作。研究中采用三维有限元数值模拟结合室内实
验验证的方法，分别从布孔方式、射孔方位和水平井筒方位方面，揭示了水平井近井筒区域喷砂射孔孔道产生的3 种
裂缝形态。研究表明，压裂裂缝倾向于从射孔孔道根部位置起裂；水平井筒与最小水平主应力夹角小于30°，两层布孔
可在近井筒区域产生一条横向裂缝，螺旋布孔和对称布孔产生多条横向裂缝；纵向裂缝比横向裂缝更易于产生，形成
纵向裂缝与横向裂缝相结合的扭曲裂缝；水平井筒与最小水平主应力夹角大于80°，产生一条纵向裂缝，与喷砂射孔参
数无关。该研究可为水平井水力喷砂射孔及压裂合理施工提供理论指导。

关键词: 水力喷砂射孔, 起裂机理, 裂缝形态, 水力压裂

Abstract:

Compared with the shaped charge perforation，sand jetting perforations are characterized by bigger diameter，longer
length and smaller perforation number. Because the fracture morphology will be affected by perforated tunnel，the stress distribution
around tunnels and fracture initiation mechanism were studied for sand jetting perforation. Based on the 3D finite element
computation method and the research results of indoor experiments，hole distribution，perforation azimuths and azimuths of
horizontal well are evaluated to reveal three fracture shapes around wellbore. The results show that the fracture easily initiate
from the root of perforation tunnels；when the degree of included angle θ between horizontal section and minimium horizontal
stress is less than 30°，double layer perforation method can create one fracture，and multiple fractures are generated by helical
perforation and symmetric perforation. Because longitudinal fracture is more easily created than transverse ones，hydraulic
fracture process will lead to a contortion fissure. In the condition of θ more than 80°，there is only a longitudinal fracture in
horizontal wellbore，which is not affected by perforation parameters. The result was also a theoretical basis for reasonable use
of jetting perforation and hydraulic fracturing in horizontal well.

Key words: abrasive perforation, fracture initiation mechanism, fracture morphology, hydraulic fracturing

中图分类号:

TE357.1

曲海1 *，刘营2，许颖1. 水力喷砂射孔孔道裂缝起裂机理研究[J]. 西南石油大学学报(自然科学版), DOI: 10.11885/j.issn.1674-5086.2013.03.11.04.

Qu Hai1*, Liu Ying2, Xu Ying1. The Research on Fracture Initiation Mechanism for Sand Jetting#br# Perforation Technology[J]. 西南石油大学学报(自然科学版), DOI: 10.11885/j.issn.1674-5086.2013.03.11.04.

0
/ / 推荐

导出引用管理器 EndNote|Ris|BibTeX

链接本文: http://journal15.magtechjournal.com/Jwk_xnzk/CN/10.11885/j.issn.1674-5086.2013.03.11.04

http://journal15.magtechjournal.com/Jwk_xnzk/CN/Y2015/V37/I5/111

参考文献

[1] Qu Hai，Li Gensheng，Huang Zhongwei，et al. The boosting
mechanism and effects in cavity during hydrajet fracturing
process[J]. Petroleum Science and Technology，
2010，28（13）：1345 1350.
[2] Houser J A，Hernandez R A. Pinpoint fracture using a
multiple-cutting process[C]. SPE 122949，2009.
[3] 侯东红，白建文，刘雄明，等. 水力喷射压裂改造技术
在直井上的应用[J]. 油气井测试，2009，18（4）：42 44.
Hou Donghong，Bai Jianwen，Liu Xiongming，et al. Application
of hydraulic jet fracturing technology in vertical
wells[J]. Well Testing，2009，18（4）：42 44.
[4] 范薇，胥云，王振铎，等. 井下水力喷砂压裂工具典型
结构及应用[J]. 石油钻探技术，2009，37（6）：74 77.
Fan Wei，Xu Yun，Wang Zhenduo，et al. Typical structure
and application of downhole sand jet fracturing tools[J].
Petroleum Drilling Techniques，2009，37（6）：74 77.
[5] 李宪文，赵文轸. 水力射孔射流压裂工艺在长庆油田
的应用[J]. 石油钻采工艺，2008，30（4）：67 70.
Li Xianwen，Zhao Wenzhen. Application of hydraulic
perforation jet fracturing technology in Changqing Oilfield[
J]. Oil Drilling & Production Technology，2008，
30（4）：67 70.
[6] 李根生，牛继磊，刘泽凯，等. 水力喷砂射孔机理试
验研究[J]. 石油大学学报：自然科学版，2002，26（2）：
31 34.
Li Gensheng，Niu Jilei，Liu Zekai，et al. Experimental of
study on mechanisms of hydraulic sand blasting perforation
for improvement of oil production[J]. Journal of the
University of Petroleum，China，2002，26（2）：31 34.
[7] Divesh C，Nuratas G，Colt A. Pinpoint-fracturing technology
improves efficiencies while solving issues with
conventional hydraulic-fracturing processes[C]. SPE
151559，2012.
[8] Li Gensheng，Huang Zhongwei，Tian Shouceng，et al.
Investigation and application of multistage hydrajetfracturing
in oil and gas well stimulation in China[C]. SPE
131152，2010.
[9] Huang Zhongwei，Niu Jilei，Li Gensheng，et al. Surface
experiment of abrasive water jet perforation[J]. Petroleum
Science and Technology，2008，26（6）：726 733.
[10] Nakhwa A D，Loving S W，Ferguson A，et al. Oriented
perforating using abrasive fluids through coiled tubing[C].
SPE 107061，2007.
[11] 楼一珊. 岩石力学与石油工程[M]. 北京：石油工业出
版社，2006.
[12] 殷有泉. 固体力学非线性有限元引论[M]. 北京：北京
大学出版社，1988.
[13] 张广清，陈勉. 定向射孔水力压裂复杂裂缝形态[J]. 石
油勘探与开发，2009，36（1）：103 107.
Zhang Guangqing，Chen Mian. Complex fracture shapes
in hydraulic fracturing with orientated perforations[J].
Petroleum Exploration and Development，2009，36（1）：
103 107.
[14] Behrmann L A，Elbel J L. Effect of perforations on fracture
initiation[J]. Journal of Petroleum Technology，1991，
43（5）：608 615.
[15] Soliman M Y，East L，David A. Geomechanics aspects
of multiple fracturing of horizontal and vertical wells[C].
SPE 86992，2004.
[16] Crosby D G，Yang Z，Rahman S S. Transversely fractured
horizontal wells a technical appraisal of gas production in
Australia[C]. SPE 50093，1998.
[17] Surjaatmadja J B，McDaniel B W，Sutherland R L. Unconventional
multiple fracture treatments using dynamic
diversion and downhole mixing[C]. SPE 77905，2002.