新型自振动PDC钻头研制与应用

doi:10.11885/j.issn.1674-5086.2023.12.23.31

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 造斜段和水平段钻进作业中存在托压严重、摩阻大和扭矩波动大等问题，无法有效施加破岩钻压，导致常规PDC钻头行程机械钻速低。采用水力振荡器、牙轮-PDC复合钻头等工具虽有一定提速效果，但因工具尺寸和安装位置受限、复合钻头井下安全等原因，仍不能满足现场钻进需求。为此，基于水锤冲击原理，设计了紧凑型结构的自振动单元。优选振动频率、振动力等关键参数，通过理论计算结合CFD数值仿真技术，研制了ϕ215.9 mm新型自振动PDC钻头，其可产生直接作用于岩石的低频轴向冲击力，在云安X1井现场应用表明，应用新型自振动PDC钻头后较同井段复合钻头大钩载荷突变频次和变化幅度明显降低，有效降低了钻柱与井壁间的摩阻，进一步缓解了托压问题，平均机械钻速同比同井复合钻头和邻井常规PDC钻头分别提高了32.97%、74.50%，实现了提速降本增效。

关键词: PDC钻头, 造斜段, 水平段, 托压, 自振动

Abstract: Due to the problems of serious back-pressure, large friction and torque fluctuation in the drilling of build-up section and horizontal section, the rock breaking WOB cannot be effectively applied, which results resulting in low ROP of conventional PDC bit run. By using tools such as hydraulic agitator, compound bit, certain effect on acceleration of ROP cannot be achieved, but well site drilling needs can not be fully met due to limitation of tool size, installation position and downhole safety of compound bit. Therefore, a self-vibration unit of compact structure is designed based on the principle of water hammer impact. A new ϕ215.9 mm self-vibration PDC bit is developed. Through theoretical calculation and CFD numerical simulation technology combined with key parameters such as vibration frequency and vibration force, a new ϕ215.9 mm self-vibration PDC bit is developed, which can produce low-frequency axial impact force directly acting on rock. The field application in well Yun'an X1 shows that the mutation frequency and variation range of the hook load of the new self-vibration PDC bit are significantly lower than those of the compound bit in the same section of the same well, which effectively reduces the friction between the drill string and the borehole wall and further alleviates the back pressure problem. Thus, the average ROP is increased by 32.97% in the same well compared to that of compound bit, and by 74.50% compared to that of the conventional PDC bit in the adjacent well, realizing the speed increase, cost reduction and efficiency increase.

Key words: PDC bit, build-up section, horizontal section, back pressure, self-vibration

中图分类号:

TE242

姚建林, 乔豁通, 刘科, 黄伟, 刘彬. 新型自振动PDC钻头研制与应用[J]. 西南石油大学学报(自然科学版), 2025, 47(4): 165-176.

YAO Jianlin, QIAO Huotong, LIU Ke, HUANG Wei, LIU Bin. Development and Application of A New Self-vibration PDC Bit[J]. Journal of Southwest Petroleum University(Science & Technology Edition), 2025, 47(4): 165-176.

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