渤海底水薄互层大排量压裂射孔和分段研究

doi:10.11885/j.issn.1674-5086.2025.09.16.01

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 渤海低渗薄互储层厚度大，底水发育，砂泥互层严重。大排量穿层压裂是开发大厚度薄互层的重要手段，但目前海上尚无相关实践与研究。针对渤海油田沙河街组薄互层低渗砂岩储层，通过建立薄互层裂缝扩展模型，研究了5~12 m$^3$/min压裂排量下，射孔层位和分段界限对裂缝扩展的影响，同时明确了底水薄互储层的避射高度。研究结果表明，不同排量下射孔簇数存在最优值，簇数过少时裂缝虽然可以纵向穿层，但穿层改造的层数受限，簇数过多时裂缝难以穿层，被限制在射孔层内；采用12 m$^3$/min排量单段压裂结合多簇射孔可充分改造50 m薄互储层，对于厚度超过50 m的薄互储层，需采用多段压裂结合大排量施工；随排量的增加，底水储层的避射高度应随之增大，12 m$^3$/min压裂排量下，沙河街组底水储层避射高度应大于9.5 m。研究可为渤海大厚度底水薄互层的大排量压裂施工设计提供一定理论依据。

关键词: 渤海油田, 低渗薄互储层, 大排量压裂, 射孔, 分段压裂

Abstract: The thin interbedded reservoir with low permeability in Bohai Oilfield is characteristic of long span, developed bottom water and highly interbedded sand-mud layer. Large displacement cross-layer fracturing is an important means to develop long-span thin interbeds, but there is no related offshore practice and research. For Shahejie reservoir with low permeability and thin interbeded sandstone in Bohai Oilfield, the effect of perforation location and stage limit on fracture propagation at 5~12 m$^3$/min fracturing displacement rate is studied and unperforated height of thin bottom-water interbeded reservoir is determined by establishing a thin interbeded fracture propagation model. The results show that there is an optimal value of perforation cluster number for different displacement rates. When the perforation cluster number is less than this value, the fracture can penetrate the layer longitudinally, but the layer number of perforation transformation is limited. When the perforation cluster number is more than this value, the fracture is difficult to penetrate the layer and is restricted within the perforation layer. The 12 m$^3$/min single-stage fracturing pump rate combined with multi-cluster perforation can be used to fully stimulate the 50 m thin interbedded reservoir. For the long-span thin interbedded reservoir of more than 50 m, the multi-stage fracturing combined with large displacement rate is an effective means to fully stimulate the thin interbedded reservoir. With the increase of displacement rate, the unperforated height in the bottom water reservoir should increase. Under the fracturing displacement rate of 12 m$^3$/min, the unperforated height of the bottom water reservoir in Shahejie should exceed 9.5 m. The research results can provide a theoretical basis for the large displacement fracturing construction design of large-span thin bottom water interbeded reservoir in the Bohai Oilfield.

Key words: Bohai Oilfield, low permeability thin interbed reservoir, high pump rate fracturing, perforation, staged fracturing

中图分类号:

TE53

王晓鹏, 谢涛, 祝国伟, 颜菲, 李欣阳, 王波. 渤海底水薄互层大排量压裂射孔和分段研究[J]. 西南石油大学学报(自然科学版), 2026, 48(1): 49-60.

WANG Xiaopeng, XIE Tao, ZHU Guowei, YAN Fei, LI Xinyang, WANG Bo. Research on Perforation and Stage Limit of High Pump Rate Fracturing in Thin Interbed Reservoir with Bottom Water in Bohai Oilfield[J]. Journal of Southwest Petroleum University(Science & Technology Edition), 2026, 48(1): 49-60.

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