墨西哥湾盆地深水区油气成藏条件及勘探方向

doi:10.11885/j.issn.1674-5086.2024.08.31.01

西南石油大学学报(自然科学版) ›› 2026, Vol. 48 ›› Issue (2): 49-63.DOI: 10.11885/j.issn.1674-5086.2024.08.31.01

墨西哥湾盆地深水区油气成藏条件及勘探方向

田兵¹, 唐俊², 邱尚锟¹, 赵文荣³, 陈亭雨¹

1. 内蒙古科技大学矿业与煤炭学院, 内蒙古包头 014010;
2. 内蒙古科技大学能源与环境学院, 内蒙古包头 014010;
3. 中国石油天然气股份有限公司广西石化分公司, 广西钦州 535000

收稿日期:2024-08-31 发布日期:2026-04-30
通讯作者: 田兵，E-mail:tb0915@sina.com
作者简介:田兵，1985年生，男，汉族，山东聊城人，副研究员，博士，主要从事深水油气地质、非常规油气地质等方面的教学和研究工作。E-mail:tb0915@sina.com
唐俊，1976年生，男，汉族，内蒙古包头人，教授，博士，主要从事油气综合地质、数学地质等方面的研究工作。E-mail:tj_imust@163.com
邱尚锟，1999年生，男，汉族，河南信阳人，硕士研究生，主要从事油气地质方面的研究工作。E-mail:1968779829@qq.com
赵文荣，1984年生，男，汉族，甘肃庄浪人，主要从事炼油化工等方面的研究工作。E-mail:1287039814@qq.com
陈亭雨，1999年生，女，汉族，贵州瓮安人，硕士研究生，主要从事油气地质方面的研究工作。E-mail:872489157@qq.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金（42262020）；内蒙古自然科学基金（2024MS04010）；内蒙古自治区教育厅项目（NJZY22445）

Accumulation Conditions and Exploration Direction in Deepwater Gulf of Mexico Basin

TIAN Bing¹, TANG Jun², QIU Shangkun¹, ZHAO Wenrong³, CHEN Tingyu¹

1. School of Mining and Coal, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, Inner Mongolia 014010, China;
2. School of Energy and Environment, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, Inner Mongolia 014010, China;
3. Guangxi Petrochemical Company, PetroChina, Qinzhou, Guangxi 535000, China

Received:2024-08-31 Published:2026-04-30

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为进一步认识墨西哥湾盆地深水区油气成藏规律，利用地震、钻井及地化测试等资料，对区域构造沉积演化特征及油气成藏条件进行了深入研究，并探讨了油气成藏模式及勘探方向。深水区油气勘探主要集中在盆地、盐下、褶皱带和深海平原4大地质区域。上侏罗统提塘阶和牛津阶海相烃源岩是主力烃源岩，表现出“埋藏深”“年代老”“生烃晚”的特征。深水区储层总体表现出“多层系”“时代新”“快埋藏”及“高孔渗”的特征。与盐岩运动及伴随断层活动相关的穿层运移通道对于区域油气运移至关重要。发育四面下倾型构造圈闭，三面下倾型构造地层复合圈闭及地层圈闭3大类型圈闭。形成了“早期烃源断裂沟通—晚期断层或盐体侧翼封闭—高位聚集”、“盐下超压低温—断裂沟通—盐体（盐焊）遮挡聚集”和“近源垂向运移—横向输导调整—优势构造聚集” 3类成藏组合模式。盐下区和褶皱带区Wilcox砂岩，盆地区东部侏罗系风成砂岩与深海平原区是深水区的有利勘探目标。

关键词: 墨西哥湾盆地, 深水, 构造演化, 沉积演化, 成藏条件

Abstract: To further understand the hydrocarbon accumulation rules of the deepwater Gulf of Mexico Basin, using the seismic, drilling and geochemical test data of the study area, the tectonic-sedimentary evolution characteristics and the accumulation conditions are systematically analyzed, and the hydrocarbon accumulation model and exploration direction are discussed. The oil and gas exploration are mainly concentrated in four major geological regions, namely, basin, sub-salt, folded belt and abyssal plain, which is the result of the complex interaction between sedimentation and tectonics in Mesozoic and Cenozoic. The marine marlstones of the Upper Jurassic Tithonian and Oxford Stages are the main hydrocarbon source rocks in the deep-water area, showing the characteristics of “deep burial”, “old age” and “late hydrocarbon generation”. The reservoirs are of various types, and generally show the characteristics of “multi-layer system”, “new age”, “fast burial” and “high pore permeability”. The penetrating transportation channels associated with salt rock movement and accompanying fault activity are crucial for oil and gas transportation. There are three types of deep-water tectonic circles: structural traps with four-way closures, combined structural/stratigraphic traps with three-way closures, and stratigraphic traps. To sum up, three reservoir-forming combination models were formed, which are “early source fault communication—late fault or salt-body flanking closure—high level accumulation”, “subsalt overpressure and low temperature—fault communication—salt-body/salt-welding occlusion accumulation” and “near-source vertical migration—lateral transport adjustment—dominant structure accumulation”. The Wilcox sandstones in sub-salt and folded belt, Jurassic aeolian sandstones in the eastern basin and abyssal plain are favorable exploration targets in the deepwater Gulf of Mexico Basin.

Key words: Gulf of Mexico Basin, deepwater, tectonic evolution, sedimentary evolution, accumulation conditions

中图分类号:

TE121

田兵, 唐俊, 邱尚锟, 赵文荣, 陈亭雨. 墨西哥湾盆地深水区油气成藏条件及勘探方向[J]. 西南石油大学学报(自然科学版), 2026, 48(2): 49-63.

TIAN Bing, TANG Jun, QIU Shangkun, ZHAO Wenrong, CHEN Tingyu. Accumulation Conditions and Exploration Direction in Deepwater Gulf of Mexico Basin[J]. Journal of Southwest Petroleum University(Science & Technology Edition), 2026, 48(2): 49-63.

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墨西哥湾盆地深水区油气成藏条件及勘探方向

Accumulation Conditions and Exploration Direction in Deepwater Gulf of Mexico Basin

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