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Table of Content

    20 April 2003, Volume 25 Issue 2
    地质勘探
    METHOD STUDY OF WELL LOGGING INTERPRETATION OF UNUSUAL LOW PERMEABILITY RESERVOIR
    ZHOU Shou-xin LI Shi-lun SUN Lei et al
    2003, 25(2):  1-3.  DOI: 10.3863/j.issn.1000-2634.2003.02.001
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    It is difficult to the conventional core analysis especially measuring the saturation of unusual low permeability reservoir.Furthermore it is also difficult to well logging interpretation.So a way to solve these problems is provided. The method is as follows: (1) Porosity and permeability are measured by conventional core analysis. (2) Oil saturation of the core is measured by NMR(nuclear magnetic resonance) which can tell us more information about the distribution of fluid and the nature of fluid and so on. (3) The interpretation model of porosity, permeability and saturation are set up by using of improved NN(nerve network). This method is used in Daqing oil field F48 reservior. It is proved the method is very effective.
    STUDY OF RESERVOIR FLOWUNIT IN WENMI OIL FIELD
    WANG Fa-chang JIANG Yu-qiang
    2003, 25(2):  4-7.  DOI: 10.3863/j.issn.1000-2634.2003.02.002
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    On the basis of time-stratigraphic unit division and correlation, the authors analyze sedimentary microfacies, reservoir structure characteristics, macro-connectivity of reservoirs and diagenetic and heterogeneous characteristics of reservoirs,anddivide diagenetic reservoir facies and petrophysical facies. The
    flow unit is confirmed by dividing flow barrier style and its distribution rule, finally, distribution model of flow unit is set up.As a result, there are 4 types of flow units, which present characteristics of liquid flow,and rovide geological basis for adjusting wells,controlling production performance and development potential.
    APPLICATION OF WELL LOGGING FINE INTERPRETATION TECHNIQUE IN CALCULATION RESERVES IN CARBONATE GAS RESERVOIR
    SI-MA Li-qiang XIA Hong-quan FAN Xiang-yu et al
    2003, 25(2):  8-10.  DOI: 10.3863/j.issn.1000-2634.2003.02.003
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    With the rapid development of new generation well logging technique, such as image well logging and nuclear magnetism resonance logging, the well logging fine interpretation technique has important significance for calculation reserves in carbonate gas reservoir. In this paper, from the situation about explorato-
    ry well logging interpretation in Sichuan oilfield, introduces the main subject of well logging interpretation and the method to calculate the reservoir parameters from it, and to determine the gas-water interface from RFT(repeat formation test), and to carry out the transverse reservoir prediction by means of combining well logging with seismic information. Finally, In this paper, taking Po1 well, Nei14 well, Datian5 well and Luojiazhai structure as examples, the authors introduce the favorable application of the technique in calculating reserves of carbonate reservoir. Results show that this technique is able to enhance the calculation precision of carbonate gas reservoir reserves .
    PROCESSING METHOD OF THE ULTRA LARGE OFFSET SEISMIC DATA
    ZHUANG Dao-chan ZENG Qing-cai ZHANG Ya bin et al
    2003, 25(2):  11-14.  DOI: 10.3863/j.issn.1000-2634.2003.02.004
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    It is key to protect various valid information in processing of ultra large offset seismic data. Alternatively, larger offset seismic data provide more nonhyperbolic information. So application of the conventional NMO method to data can result in over moveout. In this paper, in order to solve the problem , at first the authors have analyzed moveout problem and nonhyperbolic moveout method principle in transversely isotropic media and combined the characteristic of the ultra large offset seismic data, then discussed how to process ultra long offset seismic data and how to use wide-angle reflect information. Results through the actual data processing have showed that the method is effective in desert region.
    石油与天然气工程
    THE TRACKING RESEARCH AND EFFECT ANALYSIS ABOUT A RESERVOIR IN EAST CHINA SEA AREA OIL-GAS FIELD
    LIU Xian-tai CHANG Feng ZHANG Shi-ming et al
    2003, 25(2):  15-18.  DOI: 10.3863/j.issn.1000-2634.2003.02.005
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    Ping-hu oil-gas field is the first one of the oil-gas fields found and developed in east China sea area. As a result of the geological condition complexity and a little wells and very strong nonconfirmation of geological parameter of east China sea area,the geological base of the ODP project which completed in 1992 need to be put into effect. Therefor, at the same time of drilling, the geological tracking research was developed. It can correct the error of acquaintanceship to ODP project in time and insure the high and steady yield of the field. Based on the geological and development character of the reservoir at present,the paper analyzed the important point of the ODP project and its non-confirmation .Inaddition, the key technology used in tracking research and the adjustment about ODP project using the technology research progeny were introduced. The effect of the tracking research in the high and steady yield of the field was analyzed from the impact produced by the adjusted project.The paper possesses the use for reference to the same type of reservoir.
    PHASE BEHAVIOR VARIATION FOR AN OIL SYSTEM IN THE PROCESS OF GAS INJECTION
    WANG Zheng-de MEI Hai-yan ZHANG Mao-lin et al
    2003, 25(2):  19-21.  DOI: 10.3863/j.issn.1000-2634.2003.02.006
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    Miscible flooding and non-miscible flooding for gas injection has been one of the major methods of enhancing oil recover throughout the world. Gas injection will change physical and chemical properties of a system caused by thermodynamic condition variation in the process of gas injection. The research on the phase behavior for the system of gas injection is a main subject of reservoir engineering, which can offer a basis of development design and performance analysis for a reservoir injected by gas. Results show that saturation pressures will greatly enhanced, the bubble lines will be changed considerably and the dew point lines be varied slightly in the process of gas injection for a black oil reservoir.
    TRANSIENT INFLOW PERFORMANCE RELATIONSHIP CURVE THEORY OF OIL-WATER WELL
    LI Xiao-ping LIU Qi-guo CHEN Hai-long et al
    2003, 25(2):  22-23(3.  DOI: 10.3863/j.issn.1000-2634.2003.02.007
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    Based on principle of the mass conservation, the mathematical model of oil-water two-phase transient flow was set up,after defined the oil-water two-phase pseudo-pressure function,the mathematical model was linearized. After obtaining solution of mathematical model, we derived the two-phase productivity equation of oil-water well with formation damage. Therefore,
    the theory of transient inflow performance relationship curve for oil-water well was established. The transient inflow performance relationship curve of oil-water well could be calculated by the productivity equation. The research in this paper provided the theory supports for the performance analysis of oil-water well.
    DESIGN AND REALIIZATION OF GAS WELL/RESERVIOR DYNAMIC OPTIMIZING PRORATION PRODUCTIONSOFTWARE SYSTERM
    LIAO Yong SHUAI Yong-qian LU Li-ze et al
    2003, 25(2):  24-26.  DOI: 10.3863/j.issn.1000-2634.2003.02.008
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    Gas well/reservoir optimizing proration production is a dynamic proration production method that considers internal and external restricting factors on the basis of node analysis and for the purpose of obtaining the maximal production. The proration production objective has been further specified in the study. In order to determine the maximal production (under given stable
    producing years and according to the maximal exploitation reserves) and determine the maximal stable producing years (given plan production), three optimizing proration production models are established and then transformed to software system from the point of view of software engineering. Gas well/reservoir optimizing proration production software system is designed
    and realized, based on UML. The system has good extensibility, creditability, usability, applicability and strong practical value.
    SOLVING PROGRAMMING PROBLEMS OF OILFIELD EXPLOITATION BY NEURAL NETWORK OPTIMIZATION COMPUTATION MODEL
    HU Ze JIA Yong-lu YAN Jan-jun
    2003, 25(2):  27-29.  DOI: 10.3863/j.issn.1000-2634.2003.02.009
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    A linear neural network optimization computation model and a nonlinear neural network optimization computation model were presented in this paper. This model can solve complicated optimization problems in hundreds of nanoseconds, and can overcome some disadvantages of solving optimization problem by mathematical theory. Then the method of typical curve auto-
    matic fitting production decreasing curve was analyzed, and solving oil field exploitation programming model was discussed.At last, solving this optimization problem can be realized by optimization computation neural network model.
    STUDY AND APPLY ON HIGH PRESSURE PHYSICAL PROPERTY OF HIGH PERMEABLE CEMENT GELATINOUS MATERIAL
    LI Bin-yuan WANG Cheng-wu
    2003, 25(2):  30-32.  DOI: 10.3863/j.issn.1000-2634.2003.02.010
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    It shows that the relation between cavity and permeability of gelatinous solidified stone is exponential Labrid by synthetically studying on physical property of cement gelatinous solidified stone under high temperature and high pressure. The permeability of solidified stone is controlled mostly by increment of increased permeating agent and anti-flee agent in gel and its
    strength is controlled by intensifier and the ratio of water and cement. Temperature and pressure are a limited conditions in solidifying. Results show that the system have many excellen properties such as high extruding strength(≥11 MPa), high compact strength (≥0. 5 MPa), high permeability(≥0. 8μm2),heat-resistance(≥115℃),oil-resistance and high salinity-resistance. Cement gelatinous solidified stone is suitable for sand control, water plugging, sand fracturing and barefoot completion and will be a potential gelatinous material.
    DEVELOPMET OF SOFTWARE DSKTOP FOR NATURAL GAS PRODUCTION ENGINEERING
    JIANG Jian-xun WANG Yong-qing CHEN Ji-mei et al
    2003, 25(2):  33-35.  DOI: 10.3863/j.issn.1000-2634.2003.02.011
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    Natural gas production engineering includes the technologies of well completion and putting into production operation,downhole operation, well stimulation, natural gas producing and gathering etc. in gas field development. It is a system engineering and plays a great important role in natural gas producing. The software desktop of natural gas production is developed
    aimed at helping the natural gas production engineers to diagnose, analyze and design in natural gas production practice.This paper presents the development background, structure,technical contents of the software desktop. It will provide a powerful tool for natural gas production engineers.
    REVIEW IN CHARACTERISTICS AND APPLICATION OF CAPILLARY PRESSURE CURVES FOR CENTRIFUGE DATA
    QUE Hong-pei LEI Bian-jun
    2003, 25(2):  36-40.  DOI: 10.3863/j.issn.1000-2634.2003.02.012
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    In this paper, the authors have reviewed the method of determination the pore-size distribution of porous materials using centrifuge capillary pressure data. The useful method for the characteristics of the fluid flow properties of rocks, for evaluation production well working fluid to formation damage, for es-
    timation of threshold pressure, for determination of wettability and the energy for fluid displacements, for calculation absolute permeability and relative permeability, which is based on the pore-entry size distribution, has been developed. The three-parameter form of the hyperbola fitted to capillary pressure laboratory data, obtain capillary pressure curves analytical function,
    differential and integral expression by least-squares solution. Itcan fit the capillary pressure curves throughout the range of data, and obtain accurate the inlet saturation for centrifuge-derived data, and smooth laboratory data, and extrapolate to 100% single-phase saturation to obtain the correct threshold pressure.

    DISCUSSION ABOUT JOSHI'S HORIZONTAL WELL PRODUCTIVITY FORMULA
    GUO Xiao CHEN Lu-yuan DU Zhi-min
    2003, 25(2):  41-43.  DOI: 10.3863/j.issn.1000-2634.2003.02.013
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    Joshi’s horizontal well productivity formula was analyzed in this paper, and its two disadvantages were presented. One is an existing inconsistency between the hypothesis and the potential applied in vertical radial flows, the other is a conditional formula in anisotropism formation. By coordinate transformation
    and with different choices of permeability in perpendicularity and horizontal direction, Joshi horizontal well productivity formula was modified. A new horizontal well productivity formula in isotropism and anisotropism reservoirs were developed. Furthermore in contrast with an oil field example, the results show that the production predicted by new formula is in good agreement with the flied.
    EFFECT ANALYSIS OF CYCLIC GAS INJECTION IN FRACTURED CONDENSATE GAS RESERVIOR
    LI Guang-quan GUO Xiao ZI Qing-ju et al
    2003, 25(2):  44-46.  DOI: 10.3863/j.issn.1000-2634.2003.02.014
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    For fractured condensate gas reservoirs,condensate oil is separated from the condensate gas when the pressure of reservoir reduces to dew point, which leads to phase behavoir changes.Furthermore,integrating effect of driving force,gravation and capillary pressure causes imbibition and diffusion easily,
    which makes the flowrage character more complex and some abnormal phenomena take place for cyclic gas injection in fractured condensate gas reservoir maitaining pressure.In this paper, we give an example about cyclic gas injection in fractured condensate gas reservoir. Recirculating ratio, gas injection occasion,period of the gas injection and the reason that causes the abnormal phenomenon have been studied. Results show that the bigger the recirculating ratio, the earlier the gas injection and the longer the period of gas injection, the lower the recovery percent of condensate oil reservoirs. But, after a while when gas injection is over, vice versa. That is, the bigger the recirculating ratio, the longer the period of gas injection and the earlier of
    gas injection, the higher the recovery efficiency of condensate oil. The effect of cyclic gas injection is obviously better than that of natural depletion.


    APPLICATION OF RESERVOIR ENGINEERING SOFTWARE SYSTEM IN GUDONG OILFIELD
    JIA Jun-shan WEI Ming HUANG Wen-fen et al
    2003, 25(2):  47-50.  DOI: 10.3863/j.issn.1000-2634.2003.02.015
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    The remaining oil of the well node was researched by five reservoir engineering dynamic methods with the reservoir engineering software system in this paper. The value of remaining oil saturation and the remaining exploitable reserve were figured out in each layer separately to meet the need of researching the attributing rules of remaining oil. It realized the research of attributing rules of remaining oil within the layer by the method that vertically divided the layer into several reasonable metrical parts and calculated the remaining exploitable reserve. The software system is not only convincing but also convenient to use,furthermore the value of the software can help the user greatly improve the work efficiency.
    油气化学工程与化工
    RESEARCH ON PHYSICAL SIMULATION EXPERIMENT OF OIL DISPLACEMENT BY MICROORGANISM
    YAN Bao-dong ZHANG Xiao-di NI Fang-tian
    2003, 25(2):  51-54.  DOI: 10.3863/j.issn.1000-2634.2003.02.016
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    Based on similar principle of physical simulation experiment, we carried on a series of experiments of microorganism growth and migration in porous medium, enhanced oil recovery by microorganism, influence of different metabolic products and multiplex bacterium on oil recovery. Results indicate that multiplex bacterium N80 can grow and migrate in porous medium.
    The effect of its different metabolic products on oil recovery will increase with the increase of metabolic products concentration.The contribution of surfactant to enhancement of oil recovery is primary, then the acid and the gas produced by metabolism.We also found that algebra sum of the oil displacement efficiency of the single metabolic product is less than that of common effect of all kinds of components, which show that cooperating effect of microorganism metabolic products redound to enhancement of oil recovery.
    COMBINATION OF OXIDATION AND ADSORPTION FOR TREATING WASTEWATER OF GAS FIELD
    WAN Li-ping ZHAO Li-zhi MENG Ying-feng
    2003, 25(2):  55-57(6.  DOI: 10.3863/j.issn.1000-2634.2003.02.017
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    Treatment of wastewater of gas field is one of difficult treatment process. There are many ways to treat the wastewater. Gas field wastewater which comes from Chuanzhong Sui 121 has been treated by the combination method of H2O2oxidation and active carbon adsorption, and the optimal process con-
    dition has been determined. Results show that the content of contaminants has been reduced efficiently, and COD removal rate will reach 81. 8%. Compared with two-step method,namely first H2O2oxidation, then active carbon adsorption, this method can not only operate easily, save time, but also improve treatment effect, and deserve spread and application.
    EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON LOW FLUORESCENT OR NON-FLUORESCENT INERT FILTRATION REDUCER DJ-3
    WANG Ping-quan
    2003, 25(2):  58-60.  DOI: 10.3863/j.issn.1000-2634.2003.02.018
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    In order to meet needs of exploratory well, development well and environmental protection, an inert filtration reducer DJ-3 which is low fluorescent or non-fluorescence and low poisonous or non-poisonous was successfully developed by using straight chain saturation alkane based on the equilibrium principle of dispersion and collection. The efficiency of DJ-3 in fresh
    water, positive electricity colloid and high density salt water mud was synthetically evaluated and compared to sulfonated asphalt. Results show that DJ-3 has many good properties such as filtration reducing, lubrication, anti-collapsing, covering and plugging, temperature resistance (>150℃), salt-resistance (7%NaCl+7%KCOOH) and so on. DJ-3 has good compatibi
    ity with AP-P1 and KCOOH, and also has good filtration reducing and rheological property in high temperature(150℃)and high density(2.0 g/cm3) mud system. It is a good filtration reducer in positive electricity colloid mud. It is a non-fluorescence and low poisonous or non-poisonous additive. Its whole
    efficacy is better than sulfonated asphalt such as HL-Ⅱ, SAS.So DJ-3 is a good succedaneum of sulfonated asphalt.
    SYNTHESIS AND PERFORMANCE OF AA-IPPA COPOLYMER
    HU Cai-zhi LIANG Fa-shu YIN Zhong et al
    2003, 25(2):  61-63(7.  DOI: 10.3863/j.issn.1000-2634.2003.02.019
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    A method that Isopropenyl phosponic acid ( IPPA) monomer is synthesized by acetone (AC), phosphorus trichloride (PT) and glacial acetic acid has been introduced. Then AA-IPPA copolymer has been synthesized by isopropenyl phosphonic acid and acrylic acid (AA). The influence of synthetic conditions on the performance of the copolymer has been discussed.Based on the characteristics of molecular structure and reaction mechanism of thinner as drilling fluids, AA-IPPA can be used as mud thinner. Laboratory experiment results show that the thinner possesses excellent thinning property and good temperature resistance, and the ability of salt and calcium resistance is
    better than polymer of acrylic acid.
    石油机械工程及其它
    ON THE NECKING ZONE MODEL OF DUCTILE CRACK PROPAGATIO
    JIANG Ping WANG Wei LI Lu-sheng
    2003, 25(2):  64-68.  DOI: 10.3863/j.issn.1000-2634.2003.02.020
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    The further investigation on the Necking Zone Model of ductile crack propagation suggested in 1997 by the first author is reported. The test results of double cantilever beam (DCB) specimens loaded in tensile, ModeⅠsense at crosshead velocity of up to 5m/s show again that the Necking Zone Model de-
    scribes the main characteristics of ductile crack propagation.Comparing with the static test results, the necking zone width reduces and the average strain in the zone increases in dynamic case. But the productnkof the necking zone width factork1 and the strain factork2is reasonably constant and is not affected by the specimen ligament thickness and loading rate, i.e.,nkis
    considered as a material constant affecting the ductile crack propagation resistance. According to the Necking Zone Model,the increase in fracture resistance with respect to loading rate is mainly attributed to the strain-rate strengthening effect of the material. The Necking Zone Model not only suggests a simple engineering approach of calculating the energy dissipated by the ductile fracture during impact case, but also suggests a simple
    experimental method of measuring dynamic crack resistance using dynamic tensile test and static tensile tearing test.
    ANALYSIS OF THE FACTORS OF THE CUTTING EFFICIENCY ABOUT SINGLE-CONE BIT
    ZHAO Yan ZHANG Fu-run GUO Wei
    2003, 25(2):  69-71.  DOI: 10.3863/j.issn.1000-2634.2003.02.021
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    Through analyzing the cutting mechanism of the single cone bit, the bottomhole coverage and cutting uniformity of the compacts were researched from three aspects: compact exposure, shape and setting pattern. The cutting structure for the single-cone bit was designed, the compact exposure should be higher than the height of rock ridges at bottom hole, phase difference of the compact in the longitude and latitude directions of the spherical cone should be optimized, and when fitted compacts onto the cone, compacts of different shapes which suit the movement features of specific areas on the cone should be selected.
    DECISION-MAKING ANALYSIS ON THE SCHEME TO DESIGN AND MANUFACTURE THE HERRINGBONE GEAR WHEEL ON F-1300MUD PUMP
    LI Qin HUANG Zhi-qiang LIU De-ming et al
    2003, 25(2):  72-75.  DOI: 10.3863/j.issn.1000-2634.2003.02.022
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    On the basis of analyzing and comparing three kind of schemes including existing runout slot, no runout slot and spliced assembly to design and manufacture the herringbone gear of F-1300 mud pump which have three carboys and single effect, the three kind of schemes were analyzed by evaluating the strength of gear, the woke life and the cost. The conclusion in-
    dicates that the scheme is the excellent to manufacture the herringbone gear which has no runout slot by shaving gear,and the indicator of the scheme was the highest when the ratio of work life of gear and the cost price to manufacture gear was regarded as the weighing indicator. Finally , considering three factors of other of influencing scheme evaluation , by the method of
    weighted scoring in the value engineering theory,it has been carried on the synthetical analysis , and the mentioned above conclusion has been confirmed by the result further.


    CONSTRUCTION SCHEME OF DAZHANGTUO UNDERGROUND GAS STORAGE
    CUI Li-hong SHU Zhuang-zhi YANG Shu-he et al
    2003, 25(2):  76-79.  DOI: 10.3863/j.issn.1000-2634.2003.02.023
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    Based on the gas reservoir geology comprehensive study,for the design project of Dazhangtuo Underground Gas Storage as an example, many engineering methods were discussed by the different reservoirs, and the designed gas storage running basic index according to the using gas regulation of Beijing city,and at the same time making use of the test well and the gas well nodal analysis to determine the gas well proper productivi-
    ty, it will provide the theoretical evidence for gas storage project design, it has proved that the scheme of the gas storage was true.
    SOLUTIONS OF LATTICE-BOLTZMANN METHOD AND VISCOSITY FLOW
    CHEN Dai-xun
    2003, 25(2):  80-82.  DOI: 10.3863/j.issn.1000-2634.2003.02.024
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    Navier-Stokes(NS) equations of viscosity flow were expressed with Lattice-Boltzmann method in low Mach number range and a 7 Bit-FHP model. The population distribution, thefunction of the density distribution of Poiseuille pipeline flow and the simulating solution was presented. the relaxation timeτ
    was determined under the small Knudsen number.The solution of the simulation was in agreement with the analytical solution.