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    20 August 2001, Volume 23 Issue 3
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    地质勘探
    THE CAUSE OF FORMATION OF SAND BODIES AND THE CONTROL ON RESERVOIR OF TAIYUAN FORMATION IN JIAXIAN-ZIZHOU AREA
    WANG Xing-zhi LI Ling FANG Shao-xian et al
    2001, 23(3):  1-4.  DOI: 10.3863/j.issn.1000-2634.2001.01.001
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    According to depositional characteristics and cause of formation of the sand bodies, the sandstones in Jiaxian-Zizhou area, Ordos basin can be divided into three types, they are the tidal-channel sandstone, channel sandstone and subtidal bar.The sandstones with different causes of formation have differ-
    ences in such aspects as the texture components, the depositional structure, the well log as well as the sand shapes, which have apparent effect on late diagenesis types and strength, and in turn, they control the pores types, porosity and permeability of the reservoir. The study shows the tidal-channel sandstone plays the most favorable role in the reservoir formation and evo-
    lution. Higher mature degree of the component and texture make stronger cementation. The dissolution and compaction are not obvious. All these make it possible that more grain pores and inter kaolinite crystal pores are kept and the sandstones have higher porosity and permeability. The second section of
    Taiyuan Formation in the middle and south area will be important target in following exploration. The deposition of channel sands and subtidal sands determine that their accumulation property is poorer than tidal channel sands, and their distribution is restricted, they are composed of poor reservoir.

    FUZZY EVALUATION AND APPLICATION OF BURIED CARBONATE RESERVOIR
    WU Dong-sheng GUO Jian-zen WU Zhi-yong et al
    2001, 23(3):  5-9.  DOI: 10.3863/j.issn.1000-2634.2001.01.002
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    The lithologic property and pore space of buried carbonate reservoir are very complicated, the classification of reservoirs is strongly fuzzy, and the logging data are often fuzzy and multisoluble. Based on a comprehensive analysis of well logging, core observation and well testing data of a buried carbonate reservoir, a fuzzy clustering method used to classify reservoir and es-
    tablish evaluation norm of burial reservoir is put forward, and a fuzzy pattern recognition method is used to evaluate a buried carbonate reservoir comprehensively. The successful applications of fuzzy evaluation method to the Block Su103 in western Liaohe depression and the structural belt Hexiwu in Langgu depression Huabei shows that the method is effect.

    STUDY ON THE CHARACTERISTICS OF SPECIAL OIL/GAS RESERVOIR
    HU Jun
    2001, 23(3):  10-12(2.  DOI: 10.3863/j.issn.1000-2634.2001.01.003
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    Reservoir is the principal object of log interpretation and evaluation. With the development of petroleum industry, the reservoir study is getting more important, because the reservoir controls not only the oil and gas reserve but the productivity and recovery as well. The characteristics of the low- resistivity
    reservoirs are different from those of the common shaly sandstone reservoirs for their different geological characteristics. Among which related to the log information are chiefly lithology characteristics; Physical property; electrical characteristics, fluid characteristics and so forth. They are the geological basis of fine log interpretation and evaluation, and the degree of influence of these factors on well log response is the physical basis of log evaluation.

    GEOLOGICAL STATISTICS OF RESERVOIR HETERO-GENEITY DESCRIPTION
    HE Yan YIN Jun WU Nian-sheng
    2001, 23(3):  13-15.  DOI: 10.3863/j.issn.1000-2634.2001.01.004
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    The heterogeneity of reservoir is one of the most important factors to control the accumulation, production and distribution of oil and gas. Therefore, it is important for the heterogeneity of reservoir to be studied. Heterogeneity of reservoir is treated as regional variation, and it is not only in structural nature, but also in stochastic nature. Based on the work of Jiao Xiguo et.al,the theory of geological statistics, linear programming and through variation function, the experimental variation function curve is matched byk-th spherical model. The aggregate index that appears the variation magnitude and variation speed
    and the variation nature is proposed to describe quantitatively the variation nature and complexity of heterogeneity. With practical examples, the advantage and practical application of this method can be seen.

    DETERMINATION OF FUZZY COMPREHENSIVE ESTIMATION WEIGHTING COEFFICIENT BASED ON ROUGH SET THEORY
    SHI Xiao-fei ZHAO Qing-fei
    2001, 23(3):  16-18(5.  DOI: 10.3863/j.issn.1000-2634.2001.01.005
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    Fuzzy comprehensive estimation plays an important role in predicting favorite oil and gas-bearing regions and analyzing quantitatively their quality order in trap. In this method, it is very important to determine the geological factor weighting coefficient. Author of the paper applies Rough Set theory to de-
    termine significance of each geological factors and then shift significance of attribution to weighting coefficient, which overcomes the shortcomings of subjectivity in determining weighting coefficient with the traditional method and improve the accuracy of evaluation. Lastly, an example of evaluating traps in south western Tarim Depression in Tarim Basin using this method to
    induce weighting coefficient of geological factors is given.

    石油工程
    NUMERICAL SIMULATION STUDY ONWATER CONING OF LARGE-FRACTURED GAS WELL WITH FINITE VOLUME METHOD
    LV Tao FENG Yong
    2001, 23(3):  19-22.  DOI: 10.3863/j.issn.1000-2634.2001.01.006
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    The bottom water will soon break through all in a sudden in large-fractured gas wells. It is quite necessary to study the flow law of gas and water in reservoir condition through numeri cal simulation so as to enhance gas recovery. Unfortunately,conventional numerical calculating method can not solve the water coning problem of large-fractured gas wells. Therefore, on
    the basis of tensor transformation and finite volume method, we developed a numerical calculating method to solve the 3D water coning problem of large-fractured gas wells. According to our research, we came to a conclusion that the main permeability direction of large fracture points to the tangent of large fracture curve. We presented the discretization equations of 3D water
    coning of large-fractured gas wells in this work. The case study results show that the method presented in this paper is more accurate in modelling the process of bottom water breakthrough than conventional method.

    EVALUATION ON SINGLE WELL WATERFLOOD RESERVE
    CHEN Jun ZHANG Lie-hui FENG Yi-yong
    2001, 23(3):  23-25.  DOI: 10.3863/j.issn.1000-2634.2001.01.007
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    During the medium -late water cut stage ,it is an important approach blaccurutely to estimate the waterflooding controlling reserve of a single well to studies reservoir residual oil distribution ,and the oil field adjustment measures are foundation .In this paper ,after analyzing the waterdrive characteristics of a single well in detail , we come to the following conclusions that:1.due to formation heterogeneity and different waterdrive intensity,the difference of development behavior among oil wells is significant and so is the waterflooding controlling reserve,2.In the development process of reservoir, reserve would be redistributed ,and some wells would”borrow”reserve from
    adjacent wells ,which will lead to greater waterflooding controlling reserve than geology reserve in a single well. Therefore,itis of application significance to study waterflooding controlling reserve of a single well.

    ON-SITE EVALUATION METHOD FOR THE INVERSION ANALYSIS OF SALT FORMATION CREEP PARAMETERS
    .西南石油学院石油工程学院;四川 南充 00;.江汉石油管理局钻井工程处
    2001, 23(3):  26-29.  DOI: 10.3863/j.issn.1000-2634.2001.01.008
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    The determination of creep parameters of salt formation directly influenced the analysis results of borehole-wall stresses and stability. However, laboratory core testing is often not true of field situation and affects the correctness of the results.This paper takes the assumptions of salt formation submitted to the behavior of viscoelastic model and initial in- situ stress and Poisson's ratio not varying with time. Based on field measured information, a method for the inversion analysis of elastic constants and viscous parameters of salt formation was established.The results indicated that the modern inversion analysis theory of rock-soil engineering has the less cost and more feasible to
    the laboratory core testing in the determination of creeping parameters of salt formation.

    THEORETIC RESEARCH AND PRACTICE OF STEERABLE DRILLING IN HORIZONTAL SECTION
    ZHAO Jin-hai SHI Tai-he ZHANG Yun-lian et al
    2001, 23(3):  30-33.  DOI: 10.3863/j.issn.1000-2634.2001.01.009
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    Steerable drilling technology has been successfully applied in Shengli Oilfield. Hundred millions RMB cost was saved from 300 wells. Steerable drilling technology made notable technical-economic benefit during drilling inclined section and horizontal section. During theoretic research and field practice, we researched the steerable drilling horizontal section, programmed the mechanical analysis software of steerable drilling assembly with Weighted Residuals Method, and studied the rotary drilling build-angle force. Finally, some valuable conclusions are obtained from theoretic research and field practice, and the paper presented some proposals on further improving the horizontal drilling ability of single-benthousing, single-stabilizer type steerable drilling assembly.


    EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH OF ANNULAR CARRIES IN AIR-MIST DRILLING
    LIU Hui-xin MENG Ying-feng
    2001, 23(3):  34-36.  DOI: 10.3863/j.issn.1000-2634.2001.01.010
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    In air and mist drilling, annular carries are the typical of gas, liquid and solid multiphase flow, and its mechanism and principles are very complicated. In air and mist drilling practice, the process of drilling does not carry out very well. Generally, the annular carries are not good, and low drilling efficiency, even the borehole held block and its wall collapse, resulting in blocking a drilling tool and causing the explosion under well etc. Obviously, annular carries is the basic theory question that must be solved in air and mist drilling. On the basis of the principles satisfied the engineering precision, experimental research
    of annular carries in air-mist drilling was used to verify the one dimension high-load flow model, and the results have an important guidance meaning in air-mist drilling practice.
    STRESS ANALYSIS ON FRACTURE AND NEAR WELLBORE
    LIAN Zhang-hua KANG Yi-li XU Jin et al
    2001, 23(3):  37-39.  DOI: 10.3863/j.issn.1000-2634.2001.01.011
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    Based on the mechanics theory, the paper presented the FEM model of wellbore, fracture and formation for tight gas sandstone reservoirs in western Sichuan basin, and simulating the angle change between the fracture and horizontal plane resulting in the stress change on the fracture and near wellbore.This paper mainly studied the change principle of the principal
    stresses and equivalent stresses on the horizontal plane fracture and near the wellbore. With the increasing of the incline angle of formation fracture, the maximum equivalent stresses near the wellbore on the fracture gradually transferred to the two ends of the borehole ellipse cross-section shorter axis. It is a guidance meaning to further study the borehole stability, the breakout direction of borehole wall or the stress sensitive on the fracture.

    STUDY ON THE SIMULATION CALCULATION OF COMPLETE p-X PHASE DIAGRAM IN MISCIBLE GAS INJECTION
    TANG Yong SUN Lei XIONG Yu et al
    2001, 23(3):  40-43.  DOI: 10.3863/j.issn.1000-2634.2001.01.012
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    The purpose of this paper is to set up a strict method for complete phase diagram calculations in oil-gas systems and evaluate the adaptability of equation-of-state (EOS) so that the phase characteristics in critical and two phase regions are obtained. Based on the analysis of phase equilibrium thermodynamic model in the hydrocarbon system, the complete pressure
    -composition (p-X) phase diagram calculation method has been discussed and set up in gas injection process, which is displayed in geometric proportion of molar mass and volume. Applying the theory in conjunction with experimental data, two kinds of displays of the complete p-X phase diagrams are cal-
    culated in various miscible gases (rich gas, dry gas, N2, CO2) injection processes. Results show that the solution prepared here is reliable and can describe phase properties well. It has practical significance for the further determination of miscible conditions and mechanisms of oil and injected solvent by the phase diagram.

    RESEARCH ON OIL DISPLACEMENT FORMULA OF THREE-COMPONENT COMPOUND SYSTEM IN HONGGANG OILFIELD SAERTU RESERVOIR
    HONG Ling ZHANG Zhong-lin DONG Xian-hong et al
    2001, 23(3):  44-46.  DOI: 10.3863/j.issn.1000-2634.2001.01.013
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    It is getting more and more difficult to enhance oil recovery by conventional methods because of the high-water-cut development in Honggang oilfield. Three-component compound system that consists of alkali, surfactant and polymer can reach the ultralow interfacial tension with oil as well high viscosity. It can both increase the oil displacement efficiency and improve the
    swept volume so that the ultimate recovery is increased. According to the reservoir features in Honggang oil field Saertu reservoir, the oil displacement formula of the system is screened by using quadrature test design method. The determined formula is 1.5%A+0.06%S+0.2%P+0.2%N. Main indexes
    of the system: the interfacial tension is (3-7)×10-3 mN/m,the viscosity is more than 20 mPa.s, the oil displacement efficiency by natural test core increase more than 10% water flooding recovery.

    ASP FLOODING PILOT TEST IN HONGGANG OILFIELD
    ZHANG Zhong-lin YANG Yu-mei HONG Ling et al
    2001, 23(3):  47-49(5.  DOI: 10.3863/j.issn.1000-2634.2001.01.014
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    It is more and more difficult to enhance oil recovery in Honggang oilfield through conventional technology based on the existing well pattern and configuration. So it is increasingly necessary to seek for a suitable tertiary oil recovery method to improve ultimate recovery. The lab experiments and oilfield pilot test show that ASP flooding is most practical in Hong Gang oilfield. The pilot test also indicates that the ASP flooding effect is most remarkable in high remaining oil saturation and/or low watercut reservoir. It is the first time for the ASP technology to be applied to the sparse reverse 13-point well pattern, which is another way to maintain and even to enhance the oil rate of Honggang oilfield.

    RESEARCH ON INFLUENCE FACTORS OF POLYMER FLOODING IN SHENG LI OILFIELD
    ZHANG Yi-gen YUAN Fu-qing GUO Lan-lei et al
    2001, 23(3):  50-53.  DOI: 10.3863/j.issn.1000-2634.2001.01.015
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    Polymer flooding has been carried out on large scale in Shengli oilfield, and the watercut declines remarkably,but the response characteristics vary in different parts. Influence of fluid viscosity, injection and production condition, injection timing and reservoir property on polymer flooding is studied on the basis of laboratory modeling, numerical simulation and pilot test in oilfield. The results show that:(1) The higher ratio of polymer solution to oil viscosity in situ, the higher efficiency of the polymer flooding, the more the polymer injected, the higher the recovery rate increased, the earlier production well conversion,
    the higher the polymer flooding efficiency in middle/high watercut period. (2) The facies belts which are favorable to polymer flooding are channel marginal facies, channel fill facies,channel bar and flood plain facies in turn. (3) The positive rhythm is suitable to polymer flooding and the negative is not.
    Besides, large channel reservoir should be avoided when poly merflooding areas are selected.
    THE APPLICATION OF FRZ+EYL COMPREHENSIVE INJECTION INCREASE TECHNOLOGY
    ZHAO Ling-li FENG Ye-qin
    2001, 23(3):  54-57.  DOI: 10.3863/j.issn.1000-2634.2001.01.016
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    The technologies, FRZ and EYL, are comprehensive injection increase ones derived from analyzing production history and present situation of water injection development in waterflood production area, Xinjiang Oil Company Ltd. Throughout,and introducing foreign advanced Technology and the experi-
    ence. The effectiveness from Lab test and in-situ application with FRZ+EYL comprehensive infection increase are described,the main reason resulting in reservoir plugging is analyzed,and solution is induced. Through 32 wells/times test in five years in Xishanyao Formation, Cainan Oilfield, a satisfactory
    injection increase and plug removal effectiveness is achieved.

    RESEARCH AND APPLICATION OF THE SELF-EXCITED TECHNIQUE FOR PRODUCTION
    XU Ying-na ZHAO Gui-jin SUN Ai-jun et al
    2001, 23(3):  58-60.  DOI: 10.3863/j.issn.1000-2634.2001.01.017
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    With string of tubing elasticity energy,the self-excited technique for production is an automatic plate law-frequency vibration wakes in oil zone to clean oil flow porous, to remove plug, to improve its permeability and the fluid status, to de-
    crease crude oil viscosity. The technique will decrease the water cut and increase the crude oil production. This paper analyzed the function mechanism of the technique and its design concept theoretically, and calculated the maximum pulse force as well as the maximum flushing flow and flushing velocity from the automatic vibration unit. The application of the technique by twelve wells in sites indicated that the average production increased
    42% per single well and its efficiency reached 91.7%. It is an efficient new technique for the enhanced production well stimulation and enhanced oil recovery in fields during the high water-bearing interval.

    油气化学工程与化工
    THE METHOD OF PURIFICATION FOR TEA SAPONIN
    ZHAO Xiao-dong
    2001, 23(3):  61-62.  DOI: 10.3863/j.issn.1000-2634.2001.01.018
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    In order to overcome the present defects in technology, enhance the purity and quality of tea saponin, enlarge its application range, 5% aqueous solution of crude tea saponin is prepared and then is adsorbed by polystyrene resin under pH=4. 0.1%NaOH aqueous solution is used to remove the impurities and coloring matter which are adsorbed, and 80%(v/v) methanol solution as the eluant of the tae saponin. The produced tea saponin has the purity 95. 1%, Ross-Miles foam height 181mm, and haemolysis index 1∶75000. The resin used in this purification has strong selectivity, large adsorbance, easy of
    desorption and adsorption, simple operation, low cost and short period of production. It is valuable for practical application.

    A NEW CEMENT SLURRY SYSTEM:BOTH WATER PLUGGING AND OLEOPHOBIC PROPERTY
    LIU Da-hong LIU Yan-hong WU Yan et al
    2001, 23(3):  63-66.  DOI: 10.3863/j.issn.1000-2634.2001.01.019
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    Based on the analysis of problems existing in some conventional technology for water plugging, a new idea has been presented. A cement slurry system that has selective permeability,both water plugging and oleophobic property has been obtained by laboratory experiments. Meanwhile, some factors such as crushing resistance and permeability of the cement, the influence of the components and their dosage on the selective permeability have been studied. Results show that the compression strength can reach 7.6-21.65MPa after WOC, its permeability 0.69μm2, and the ratio of kerosene to distilled water permeability 4.28-16.48.

    DIRECT STANDARDIZATION METHOD FOR SULFUR DIOXIDE STANDARD SOLUTION
    CHEN Ji RAO Xiao-tong WANG Li-juan
    2001, 23(3):  67-68.  DOI: 10.3863/j.issn.1000-2634.2001.01.020
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    A new method of standardizing sulfur dioxide standard solution has been presented, in which iodine that is derived from the reaction of KIO3with excess KI istitrated directly.Comparing with standard methods, the new way does not need to prepare and standardize the unstable Na2S2O3solution and use
    volatile I2. As a result, the analytical time is shortened and the cost is reduced. The reaction condition is easy to reach and the method has high accuracy (CV≈0.082%, RE<±0.4%).It is a method that is worth recommending.
    SYNTHESIS OF SCALE INHIBITOR FPM- 1AND ITS PERFORMANCE
    HE Yan Huang Zhi-yu Feng Ying et al
    2001, 23(3):  69-71.  DOI: 10.3863/j.issn.1000-2634.2001.01.021
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    A polymer scale inhibitor FPM-1 has been synthesized by using an anion monomer and a non-ionic monomer. The relationship of polymerization temperature, initiator dose and monomer concentration to the scale prevention percentage has been studied. The influence of the copolymer addition and the concentration of Ca 2+ ,Ba 2+in the solution on the scale inhibition efficiency has also been investigated. Results show that
    FPM-1 is a good scale inhibitor for CaCO3,CaSO4, and has some inhibiting effect to BaSO4. It can be used in water flood in oilfield and cooling water for industrial circulating water.The analysis of scanning electron microscope (SEM) on BaSO4 has indicated that the scale is inhibited because of the lattice defor-
    mation which is caused by the adsorption of carboxylic groups and sulfonic acid groups on crystal surfaces or inserting the polymer into the crystal lattices.

    油藏经营管理
    ANALYSIS ON THE DIFFERENCE OF AREA ECONOMY AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF RESOURCE
    CHEN Wu ZHANG Ming-quan ZHOU Yu-chao
    2001, 23(3):  72-75.  DOI: 10.3863/j.issn.1000-2634.2001.01.022
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    The reason that the economy in China develops unevenly is analyzed from the aspects of development level of enterprises,infrastructure, fund application, state's consideration and talented personal. Aimed at existing industrial basis, rich natural resource, favorite environment and the policy of developing the
    west, it is put forward that implementation of the policy of developing the west should focus on changing idea introducing the talented, and developing non-state owned economy, promoting the regional superiority, leap development, adjusting industrial structure, and realizing"The two changes".