Table of Content

15 December 2020, Volume 5 Issue 12

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The Singularities in Renormalization of Triangular Net Ising Model

Yang Cunji, Wang Shaomin

2020, 5(12):  1-8. 

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This paper discusses the singularities in renormalization of triangular net Ising model and proves the critical points,
singular values and the distributions in renormalization function of Ising model.


Integer Solution of the Diophantine Equation x2 + 1 024 = y15

Li Aizhen, Shi Yufeng, Zhang Chaoyuan

2020, 5(12):  9-14. 

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In number theory, the Diophantine equation is an important branch which has drawn extensive research. In this paper, the
integer solution to the Diophantine equation x2 + 1 024 = y15 is studied by applying the knowledge of algebraic number theory and
congruence theory, and it is acquired that the Diophantine equation x2 + 1 024 = y15 has no integer solution.


Preparation of Biochar from Pomelo Peels Activated by Zinc Chloride and Its Adsorption#br# of Methylene Blue#br#

Liao Shaohua, Yang Xiaomei, Huang Bisheng, Yang Zhijie

2020, 5(12):  15-20.  DOI: 10. 3969 / j. issn. 2096-2266. 2020. 12. 003

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Objective: To explore the reutilization of wasted peels. Pomelo peels were used as raw materials to prepare biochar, and
zinc chloride solution was used to activate the pomelo peels to enhance adsorption performance of biochar derived from pomelo peel, so as to improve the application potential of biochar derived from pomelo peels in agriculture, industry and environment and so on.
Methods: The optimum conditions of pomelo-peel biochar activated by zinc chloride for methylene blue（MB）was studied by a L16 （45）orthogonal test, and the results were analyzed by a range analysis and the general linear model of single variable analysis with SPSS.Results: The effects of five factors on the adsorption properties of biochar for MB were: carbonization activation temperature > zinc chloride solution concentration > solid-liquid ratio > carbonization activation time > impregnation time. At the same time, the results of the orthogonal test and the single factor test were compared, which showed that the optimum conditions of activated pomelo-peel biochar for the adsorption of MB were as follows: solid-liquid ratio（g/mL）at 1 : 4, zinc chloride solution concentration at 40%,impregnation time at 14 h, carbonization activation temperature at 600 ℃, and carbonization activation time at 20 min. Conclusion:Orthogonal test and single factor test were combined to obtain the optimum preparation conditions of biochar derived from pomelo peels for adsorbing MB.



Study on the Synthesis of Gramine and Its Derivatives

Zhang Jiehe, Meng Ge

2020, 5(12):  21-26.  DOI: 10. 3969 / j. issn. 2096-2266. 2020. 12. 004

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Objective: To compare the advantages and disadvantages of Mannich method and Lewis acid catalysis in the application of gramine synthesis. Methods: The effects of reaction material ratio（indole: acetic acid）, reaction time and reaction temperature on the yield of gramine synthesized by Mannich method, and the effects of reaction solvent, reaction time and catalyst on the yield of gramine synthesized by Lewis acid catalysis were investigated through orthogonal experiments. The effects of different substrates on the synthesis of gramine derivatives were also studied. Results: The result of Mannich method indicated that the yield could reach 88.5%
when n（indole）: n（acetic acid）= 1 : 2 for 12 hours at the temperature of 55 ℃. The optimal conditions for Lewis acid catalysis were using ethanol as the reaction solvent and ZnCl2 as the catalyst for 120 minutes, making the yield as much as 93.1%. Conclusion: Lewis acid catalysis synthesis of gramine is superior to Mannich method. The results showed that the larger the steric hindrance of the amines involved in the reaction, the lower the reaction yield was. The introduction of electron-donating groups on indole could increase the yield of the derivatives, while on the contrary, the introduction of electron-withdrawing groups would lead to lower yield.


Rapid Identification of Infrared Fingerprints Combined with Chemometrics of Swertia mileensis and Similar Medicine#br#

Tao Ai'en, Zhao Feiya, Chen Qiuxia, Xia Conglong

2020, 5(12):  27-31.  DOI: 10. 3969 / j. issn. 2096-2266. 2020. 12. 005

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Objective: To establish an infrared fingerprint of Swertia mileensis, and provide a reference for its quality control. Methods: 20 batches of Swertia mileensis were collected from different production areas, Fourier transform infrared spectrometer was used to establish their infrared fingerprints, and similarity analysis, cluster analysis and principal component analysis were conducted to compare the differences in the composition of Swertia mileensis from the production areas. Results: A total of 11 common characteristic absorption peaks were identified in 8 batches of control Swertia mileensis, which were 3 364.8, 2 926.2, 1 611.5, 1 518.2, 1 418.8,1 324.1, 1 262.3, 1 071.2, 895.1, 839.4, 655.1 cm-1. The second derivative, principal component analysis and systematic clustering analysis can all be used to identify Swertia mileensis from similar medicine. Conclusion: This method is precise, has good repeatability and stability, and can be used for rapid identification for Swertia mileensis.


Analysis of the Test Results and Paper of Inorganic Chemistry for Pharmaceutical Specialty

Lan Hai, Li Qiuyan, He Jieli, Yang Zhiyi, Yan Ya, Zhao Xia

2020, 5(12):  32-36.  DOI: 10. 3969 / j. issn. 2096-2266. 2020. 12. 006

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Objective: To analyze and evaluate the quality of the final examination paper of inorganic chemistry for undergraduates of
Grade 2018 in Dali University, and to provide basis for improving the teaching quality of the inorganic chemistry course. Methods: The
score distribution, difficulty, discrimination and reliability of 157 test papers were analyzed by SPSS 17.0 software, and the results of
three classes were compared. Results: The scores of the three classes were all in normal distribution, with an average of（63.54±10.66）points. Overall, the test paper was difficult but had good discriminability, the test results were credible, and the quality of the test paper was high. There was no significant difference in the test scores among the three classes（P > 0.05）. Conclusion: This test paper is a comprehensive assessment of students' basic knowledge and skills of inorganic chemistry, but it is difficult and students' scores are generally low. Teachers should change their concepts of education and teaching, and actively carry out the mixed teaching mode with students being the main body and teachers being the leading factor, so as to improve the overall teaching quality.


Seasonal Variations of Population Dynamics of Blaps rynchopetera Fairmaire in#br# Different Artificial Forests#br#

Deng Qiaodi, , Li Ya, , Li Yanpeng, , Liu Shuoran, , Xu Jishan, , Xiao Wen, , Huang Zhipang,

2020, 5(12):  37-41.  DOI: 10. 3969 / j. issn. 2096-2266. 2020. 12. 007

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Blaps rynchopetera Fairmaire can secrete defense liquid with medicinal values, and therefore is a medicinal insect commonly used among the people in Yunnan. In order to explore annual cycle dynamics and life histories of adult insects under natural conditions, six plantations on the campus of Dali University were selected to monitor the annual cycle of the insect. Ground trap method was used to collect samples and record the number of adult Blaps rynchopetera Fairmaire captured under natural conditions, and to analyze the differences in the catches in different plantations. It was found that the adult Blaps rynchopetera Fairmaire can be caught throughout the year in the plantation in the campus, and the adult has a bimodal seasonal change, with the peak period from February to April and July to October. The numbers of adults caught in different plantations vary, with the largest number in cedar forests and the
smallest in bamboo forests. The change in soil moisture caused by the frequency of irrigation is the reason for the differences in adults in different plantations. For the first time, this research carried out the dynamic monitoring of the annual cycle dynamic monitoring of Blaps rynchopetera Fairmaire, providing a reference for the selection of field monitoring time and breeding under natural conditions.


Effects of Exogenous Nutrition and Adding Method on the Cultivation of Morels

He Jun, , Li Shuhong, Yang Fengli, Wei Zhilei, Wei Xiujuan, Su Xijun, Su Hongyan

2020, 5(12):  42-47.  DOI: 10. 3969 / j. issn. 2096-2266. 2020. 12. 008

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With the popularization and application of exogenous nutrient bag technology, the scale of artificial cultivation of Morels has been gradually expanded. However, it is difficult to achieve stable output, which seriously restricts the sustainable development of the industry. Therefore, based on the cultivation of Morchella importuna, this study carried out the research on the effects of matrix
formula, substitution and cutting method of exogenous nutrient bag on the cultivation of Morels, in order to find the best formula and
placement method of exogenous nutrient bag, and lay a foundation for promoting the healthy development of Morels industry. The
results showed that the exogenous nutrition bag played an important and decisive role in the control group of natural growth and the
replacement of other nutrients. There was a positive correlation between the wheat grain components of the exogenous nutrition bag and the fruiting cycle and yield of Morels. The high-quality formula of the exogenous nutrition bag of Morchella importuna was: wheat 58%,hardwood sawdust 30%, rotten soil 10%, gypsum 1% and lime 1%. A knife-edge cut on the exogenous nutrient bag is beneficial to the reduction of pollution rate, and the increased yield of mushroom.


Investigation on Pests and Their Natural Enemies in the Full-Blossom Periods of Roses in#br# Different Planting Years in Erhai Lake Basin#br#

He Guanrong, Mao Benyong, Yang Guohui

2020, 5(12):  48-54.  DOI: 10. 3969 / j. issn. 2096-2266. 2020. 12. 009

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In order to study the species, temporal dynamics and diversity of pests and their natural enemies during the full-blossom periods of roses in different planting years in Erhai basin, traps and random capture methods were used from May to August 2019 to collect a total of 510 specimens, including 404 pests（belonging to 5 orders, 15 families, 25 species） and 106 natural enemies
（belonging to 6 orders, 8 families, 12 species）. Diversity index were used to analyze their community diversity characteristics. The
results showed that the species and the dominant population of main pests for roses and their natural enemies are of no great difference in different planting years, with most of them being yearly species. The peaks of pest species and number all appeared in the middle of full-blossom periods, but the natural enemy communities were different in different planting years. DPS software were used to calculate the correlations between main pests and natural enemies, and results showed that their correlations are different in different planting years, and Kaloula verrucosa could be used as a natural enemy to effectively control the pests.


Effect of Intermittent and Aerobic Exercise on Apoptosis and NF-κB Expression of#br# Cardiomyocytes in Rats#br#

Xing Weixin

2020, 5(12):  55-61.  DOI: 10. 3969 / j. issn. 2096-2266. 2020. 12. 010

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Objective: To explore the effects of intermittent and aerobic exercise on apoptosis and NF-κBp65 expression in cardiomyocyte of rats and the role of NF-κBp65 in apoptosis. Methods: Thirty male SD rats were randomly divided into a control group, an aerobic group and an intermittent group, with ten in each group. The rats in the control group did not do any exercise, and the rats in the intermittent and aerobic exercise groups were subjected to 8-week intermittent and aerobic treadmill exercises respectively. After the training, their cardiac structures were observed by scarlet staining, the electrocardiogram and hemodynamic indicators were used to detect cardiac functions, and the expressions of Bax, Bcl-2, p53 and NF-κBp65 were detected by immunohistochemistry. Results: Compared with control group, the heart coefficient, T wave voltage, LVSP and ±dp/dtmax increased significantly, LVEDP and
heart rate decreased significantly, the MOD of the Bcl-2 significantly increased, and the MOD of Bax, p53, NF-κBp65 decreased
significantly, the ratio of Bcl-2/Bax increased significantly of the rats in the intermittent and aerobic exercise groups. Conclusion:
Both intermittent exercise and aerobic exercise can significantly inhibit the apoptosis of rat cardiomyocytes by up-regulating the
expression of Bcl-2, down-regulating the expression of Bax and p53 and enhancing the ratio of Bcl-2/Bax, thus improving the cardiac
function. Besides, the effect of intermittent exercise was better than that of aerobic exercise. Intermittent and aerobic exercises may upregulate Bcl-2 expression, down-regulate p53 expression, and inhibit cardiomyocyte apoptosis by reducing NF-κB activity.


Resource•Market: Exploring the Development Space of Dali Bai Traditional Festival Sports Tourism

Wang Shichao, He Lidong

2020, 5(12):  62-67.  DOI: 10. 3969 / j. issn. 2096-2266. 2020. 12. 011

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In order to better develop Dali Bai's traditional festival sports tourism, this paper adopts the research methods of literature review, interview, field investigation, etc. to carry out on-the-spot investigation of Dali Bai's traditional festivals suitable for sports tourism, such as March Street Ethnic Festival, Raosanling Festival, Torch Festival, Shuahai Festival, etc. The analysis of sports tourism
resources and market shows that Dali Bai's traditional festivals are numerous, rich in material resources, and have great potential for
market development, which should be considered as a whole to draw up the overall development plan of the Bai's traditional festival
sports tourism, to concentrate on the development of advantageous and characteristic items, to merge in multiple ways, to seek the way of rapid development, to connect with international horse racing in innovative way, to improve the competition system and the concept of competition, and to strive to create a "national+ international" brand.


From the Perspective of Benzhu Worship: Value Extension and Cultural Inheritance of#br# Yunnan Bai Traditional Sports#br#

Liao Lei, Ye Liaokun

2020, 5(12):  68-74.  DOI: 10. 3969 / j. issn. 2096-2266. 2020. 12. 012

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Through field investigation and expert interviews, this paper studies the phenomenon of the Bai people's Benzhu worship of religion and traditional sports activities in Yunnan from the perspective of cultural anthropology and sociology. The results show that
religious sacrificial activities provide external basis and conditions for the evolution of traditional sports of the Bai, and promote its later development and inheritance with the value core of inclusive integration. The traditional sports of the Bai show multiple values, such as keeping social harmony, guiding correct ethics and morality, and enhancing national and cultural prosperity. It puts forward the ways of cultural inheritance: ① exploring the connotation of national sports culture and establishing its inheritance paradigm; ② emphasizing integration and inclusion, improving its modern social adaptation; ③ solving the problems of inheritance subject, content and mode;and ④ strengthening the construction of national sports discipline and paying attention to living inheritance.


Identification of Pressure Sources of Basketball Players Based on Hierarchical Clustering Method

Xu Hui

2020, 5(12):  75-79.  DOI: 10. 3969 / j. issn. 2096-2266. 2020. 12. 013

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Basketball players have a wide range of pressure sources in competition, therefore, based on traditional hierarchical clustering method, a Hierarchical clustering method was introduced to automatically identify and cluster the physiological and psychological data of basketball players, and a quantitative evaluation of the pressure source factors for basketball players was given. Based on the examples of basketball competitions in Anhui province, this paper evaluates the pressure sources of the players, effectively and reasonably reflects the influence of the pressure sources on the competitive state of the players during the competition, and thus provides a favorable basis for the decision making of the pressure relief of the basketball players.


Research on the Development of Yunnan Minority Groups' Traditional Sports Meeting: From the#br# Perspective of the Board Shoe Racing Sports#br#

He Yongjie, He Lidong, Wang Shu

2020, 5(12):  80-84.  DOI: 10. 3969 / j. issn. 2096-2266. 2020. 12. 014

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Based on methods including literature review, interview, on-the-spot observation and comparative analysis and taking the board shoe racing events in the 11th Minority Traditional Sports Games of Yunnan Province and the 11th Minority Traditional Sports Games of the People's Republic of China as a viewpoint, this paper summarizes the achievements of Yunnan province's minority traditional sports competition development work, points out the main problems, and puts forward suggestions and countermeasures for development.


Inflections on the Reform of Physical Education in Chinese Colleges and Universities under the#br# Influence of COVID-19#br#

Cong Canri, Wang Zhixue

2020, 5(12):  85-90.  DOI: 10. 3969 / j. issn. 2096-2266. 2020. 12. 015

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By using the methods of literature and logical analysis, this paper analyzes the function value of physical education in college and universities in "epidemic prevention" during the COVID-19 epidemic on college students'physical exercise at home and psychological counselling, and sorts out the influence of this epidemic on the future physical education of colleges and universities in China; the epidemic once again interprets the return of the essence of college physical education; the development of epidemic physical
education activities has greatly improved the online physical education curriculum system of colleges and universities; and physical
exercise at home promotes the formation of the regular mechanism of physical exercise among college students. The author holds that:cultivating and strengthening college students' core accomplishment ability is the focus of the reform of college physical education curriculum; to create high-quality online physical education courses will be an important part of the development of college physical education information teaching, and it is an important goal and task of college physical education teaching to improve the heartbuilding function of physical education curriculum. It is the trend of the reform of college physical education in China to construct the information and normalization mechanism of college students' extracurricular physical exercise.


Inhibitory Effect of the Extracts of Piper betle's Fruit on Two Kinds of Cariogenic Bacteria

Xu Lei, Wang Limei, Gu Shaokui, Chen Yuwei, Lan Hai,

2020, 5(12):  91-93.  DOI: 10. 3969 / j. issn. 2096-2266. 2020. 12. 016

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Objective: The effects of extraction site of ethyl acetate of Piper betle's fruit on the growth and metabolism of two kinds of
cariogenic bacteria（Streptococcus mutans and Actinomyces viscosus）were studied. Methods: The minimum inhibitory concentration
（MIC）and minimum bactericidal concentration（MBC）of two kinds of cariogenic bacteria in the extraction site of ethyl acetate were determined by double dilution method with Chlorhexidine as the positive control group. The effects of 4 concentrations of ethyl acetate extraction lower than MIC on the metabolism of two kinds of cariogenic bacteria were determined. Results: The MIC values of the extraction site of ethyl acetate against Streptococcus mutans and Actinomyces viscosus were 6.250 mg/mL and 3.125 mg/mL respectively,and the MBC values were 12.500 mg/mL and 6.250 mg/mL respectively. All the 4 concentrations at the extraction site of ethyl acetate inhibited the acid production of Actinomyces viscosus, and the high concentration group inhibited the acid production of Streptococcus mutans. Conclusion: The inhibition effect of ethyl acetate extraction on Actinomyces viscosus was stronger than that on Streptococcus mutans. The inhibition effect of acid production was positively correlated with the concentrations, but the effects were all weaker than those in the positive control group.


Detection and Evaluation of Formaldehyde and Heavy Metal Contents in Some Waterishlogged Food#br# Products Sold in One City#br#

Li Meiying, Yang Shiyao, Song Zhengrui

2020, 5(12):  94-96.  DOI: 10. 3969 / j. issn. 2096-2266. 2020. 12. 017

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Objective: To understand the current pollution of formaldehyde, cadmium, plumbum and chromium in some waterishlogged
food products sold in one city. Methods: The contents of formaldehyde in 9 categories of samples were detected by the food safety rapid detector. The contents of cadmium, plumbum and chromium in 9 categories of samples were determined by flame atomic absorption spectrometry after pretreatment by dry-ashing. Results: The minimum content of formaldehyde in the 9 categories of samples was 2.122mg/kg and the maximum was 29.681 mg/kg. The minimum content of cadmium was 0.145 mg/kg and the maximum was 0.628 mg/kg.The maximum content of plumbum was 6.106 mg/kg, while lead was undetected in some samples. The minimum content of chromium was 0.168 mg/kg and the maximum content was 0.426 mg/kg. The differences of formaldehyde contents, cadmium contents, plumbum contents and chromium contents were statistically significant（P<0.01）. Conclusion: Formaldehyde and heavy metals contents in some waterishlogged food products sold in one city exceed the standards.


Observation on the Stability in Use and Disinfection Effect of Two Kinds of Saleable Disposable#br# Disinfectant Solution#br#

Cheng Nan, , Wu Huili, Wang Cirong, Zhang Rujiao, Ma Yanping, Li Rucong, Song Yanqiu

2020, 5(12):  97-100.  DOI: 10. 3969 / j. issn. 2096-2266. 2020. 12. 018

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Objective: To understand the stabilities and disinfection effects of main effective ingredients in two brands of disposable
disinfection solutions on the market. Methods: Using ultraviolet spectrophotometry and gas chromatography to determine the
relationship between the residues of the main effective components, i.e. ethanol and polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride, and time after the use of two kinds of disposable disinfectants. At the same time, field disinfection experiments were also carried out to monitor the sterilizing rate of disinfectant in different periods after use. Results: Within 100 minutes, the content of ethanol in two
kinds of disinfectants decreased by 83.10% and 58.83% respectively, while the concentration of polyhexamethylene biguanide
hydrochloride increased by 267.94% and 88.57% respectively. Field disinfection experiments showed that both disinfectants had very
high sterilizing rate（99.89%, 99.75%）in the first 40 minutes. Disinfectant A had the best germicidal effect at 20 minutes, and
disinfectant B had the best germicidal effect at 40 minutes. Disinfectant A had the germicidal effect decreased obviously at 60 minutes,while disinfectant B remained at a high level. Conclusion: Comparatively speaking, the disinfection effect of disinfectant B is slightly lower than disinfectant A, but the composition of disinfectant B is more stable and the germicidal maintenance time is longer than disinfectant A.