Abstract: In his doctoral dissertation，Marx endowed “the most noble saints and martyr in the philosophy history books” to Prometheus who was bounded on the Caucasus mountain cliffs.Such opinion was not just a reflection of his profound classic culture and literature romantic complex.Prometheus，who stole fire from heaven，exhibited his hate to all the gods chose to be chained on the cliff instead of reducing himself to a loyal servant to Zeus.Religious criticism is the basis of the young Hegelians criticism.Yet the rebellious Marx transcended Hegel and other young Hegelians especially Bruno Bauer，accusing them of merely perfunctory criticism against religion.Marx sought a more thorough and quite subversive criticism. Marx placed the self-awareness philosophy represented by Epicurus on dominant position，and directly aiming at Prussia reactionary rule，he manifested his political aspirations，taking selfawareness as his critical weapon.

Key words: Marx, doctoral dissertation, critical weapon, selfawareness, political aspiration