The development and construction of the Maritime Silk Road have an extremely important strategic significance for economic and cultural exchanges between China and the rest of the world. Strengthening the oil and gas cooperation between China and ASEAN is an important part of the construction and development of the Maritime Silk Road. Oil and gas cooperation between China and ASEAN has a history. At present，both sides share an interest in the Straits of Malacca and the South China Sea oil and gas channels. The construction of China-ASEAN Free Trade Area，the ASEAN countries’ oil and gas production decline and the consumption rise and Chinese government stress on oil and gas cooperation with neighboring countries，etc. provide a good opportunity for the future of oil and gas cooperation to both sides. In order to promote oil and gas cooperation between China and ASEAN，it is necessary to take the following measures: maintaining close high-level exchanges，expanding government co-operations；strengthening the construction of China-ASEAN Free Trade Area，increasing oil and gas investment in ASEAN countries，and continuing to explore new ways and new mechanism of South China Sea oil and gas cooperation and so on.
Oil and gas resources are abundant in Uzbekistan，which are an important resources support for the construction after its independence. After the development strategy of One Belt and One Road（Silk Road Economic Belt and the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road）was put forward，China and Uzbekistan will certainly have a closer relationship in energy interests. However，Chinese oil companies have encountered lots of difficulties when entering Uzbekistan market for the following reasons: underdeveloped Uzbekistan oil and gas in spite of its rich reserve，conservative politics and the unestablished market economic system. Therefore，it is necessary to explore the cooperation strategies between China and Uzbekistan by studying the characteristics of Uzbekistan market from the aspects of politics，social security and macro-economy operation and so on. This paper suggests that the cooperation between Chinese oil companies and Uzbekistan oil and gas market should start from opening up the oil and gas cooperation market by taking advantage of the friendly relationship among the governments，taking reasonable measures to avoid law traps，exploring various cooperation models，taking the initiative to assume social responsibilities and strengthening personnel training and reserve and so on.
In recent years，security incidents happened occasionally in petroleum corporations，which have caused concern from all sectors of society. How to ensure production safety in oil enterprises is an important problem worth probing into. This paper expounds the significance of safety management in petroleum corporations. The authors hold that safety management is applying the methods of management by objective in production safety management. The application of system theory,control theory and incentive theory guarantee that safety managencent is carried out in a scientific and effective manner. By applying objective safety management,oil enterprises can enhance the economic benefit，improve safety management，and strengthen staff awareness of production safety. Petroleum corporations should establish safety objective network，carry out safety management by objective，and check the operation of safety management. To achieve the safety objective and hence the healthy and sustainable development，oil enterprises must enhance the organizational leadership，strengthen safety training，and improve the safety management system.
At present，performance evaluation method used by most petroleum enterprises is based on gross profit. However， this evaluation method has proved to have some disadvantages in practical application. It tends to result in blind pursuit of maximum profit without valuing long-term development，which makes management goal confused，accounting profit easily manipulated and the cost of capital ignored. Thus，according to the actual situation of petroleum enterprises，we need to introduce a performance evaluation method which can truly reflect corporate performance —EVA performance evaluation method. This paper starts with the basic principle of EVA performance evaluation，probes into relevant accounting item adjustment under the EVA evaluation method with empirical analysis method，and proves the practicability of EVA evaluation. Finally we present the five points oil enterprises should pay attention to when using EVA，that is，enterprises must meet the requirements of applying EVA，EVA evaluation can be promoted after pilot application in certain departments，the selection of the adjustment items should be flexible，the division of responsibility center should be correct and the evaluation should take important non-financial indicators into consideration.
In recent years，the conflicts between labor and management have been a cause of concern. And different theoretical interpretations and conceptions about system construction have been presented aiming to resolve the conflicts，among which are researches on the construction of employee participation. But few research keeps a watchful eye on Chinese social and cultural customs and market economy with Chinese characteristics. The opposite-unity relation between labor and management in China’s market economy context makes it possible to solve the problem through negotiations. System of employee participation and negotiation could solve the dispute flexibly through voluntary cooperation. So they could form a new harmonious win-win relationship which is fair and reasonable，normative and orderly.
It is universally acknowledged by the theories of modern corporation laws and practices in various countries that directors，supervisors and senior executives of a company shall assume the fiduciary duty to the company. However，due to the separation of modern companies’property ownership and management right and because of shareholders’limited duty， shareholders only take limited fiduciary duty. In close companies，the minority shareholders’decisions on investment or capital management are mainly based on trust. The controlling shareholders have to take their fiduciary duty accordingly when they make improper infringement to corporate property and the benefit of the minority shareholders. But there should be a reasonable restriction on their fiduciary duty. On the other hand，the minority shareholders also take fiduciary duty when they can exert influence on the decision-making of the company. The legal regulations on shareholders’fiduciary duty should keep a balance among all parties’benefits；or else，they would go against the healthy operation and development of the company and capital market.
This paper redefines the acquisition criterion，and based on interlanguage corpus of Chinese，summarizes the acquisition sequence of Chinese directional complements（DCS）by native Lao speakers. Then，based on the overgeneralization theory，the author analyzes the types of errors and acquisition difficulties of DCS for native Lao speakers. A comparison between the acquisition sequence of native Lao speakers with that of other non-native speakers reveals that native Lao speakers acquire the“verb + location object + directional complement（original meaning）”structure earlier than other non-native speakers， which shows the non-linear acquisition of directional complements. The paper analyzes the types of acquisition difficulties of DCS for native Lao speakers which are as follows: 1. the overgeneralization of simple DCS instead of compound DCS，2. “dao（到）”acting as directional complement，3. avoiding using“ba（把）”sentences，4. the acquisition of sentence pattern “verb + location object + directional complement”，5. overgeneralization of similar complements，6. wrong order of object and compound DCS. In addition，this paper illustrates how to carry out targeted teaching and improve teaching efficiency with examples.
he Beijing Coup in November，1861，started the political pattern that the two dowager empresses attended to state affairs and Prince Gong (Yi Xin ) complemented the policy. After assumed power，Yi Xin put Zeng Guofan，Li Hongzhang and other officers from Han nationality in the important positions. The power of inspectors were strengthened，which led to the downward movement of central power，and thus the consequence of“inspectors holding the power of local reign actually”. Yi Xin also advocated the Westernization Movement which contributed to the formation of modern industry and capitalism in China. The improvement of relationship between Qing government and foreign countries enabled the suppression of the Taiping Movement. The establishment of Foreign Affairs Ministery and Embassies changed the traditional self-centered diplomatic concept of China，which marked the beginning of the Chinese modern diplomacy.
People-oriented harmonious ecological outlook contains two indivisible dimensions:“people first”in the field of human society and“human-nature”integration when dealing with the relationship between them. To put people first is not only a self-evident demand but an inheritance and advancement of excellent civilization achievement. In nature，regarding“humannature” as a whole is the demand for man’s self-development as well as the requirement of the ecological system evolution. Holding the harmonious people-oriented ecological view is not only the requirement of Chinese characteristic socialism construction， but the necessity of pushing forward human civilization. History has proved that not putting people first and ignoring the environmental conservation would only lead to the devolution of civilization.
Through the study of Confucian classics and the practice of social ceremony，Confucian scholars completed their preliminary political socialization，then they passed the imperial examinations into the literary intelligentsia and eventually became a loyal member of the bureaucratic system. Such political socialization process fully explained the internal supporting factors of the super-stable structure of ancient Chinese society. We can also get at the roots in the process of why the modern Chinese society is so weak that the Chinese civilization cannot withstand the impact of western civilization. Through studies about the political socialization of the Confucian scholar class，we can find the role，the function and the externality of the “Confucian scholar—scholar-bureaucrat—bureaucracy”structure in generating and maintaining the super stable structure of the patriarchal clan integration in ancient Chinese society. On such basis，we discuss the value and paradox of the Confucius’theory of state (political Confucianism)，which serves as the national ideology and the Confucian ethics (cultural Confucianism)，which serves as the operation principles of everyday life，trying to uncover something worth absorbing in Confucianism to enhance the weakening influence of traditional culture. We believe that，when taking reference from the political socialization of the Confucian scholar class，we can eventually build up a reasonable political morality system by mixing modern political ethic and the spirit of the rule of law into the large-scale，diffusing political socialization of modern society.
In the primary market of carbon trading，government allocates the carbon allowance to the subjects under the regulations， under the premise of total amount control of carbon emissions. The initial allocation of carbon allowance includes method with compensation and one without compensation. Starting from the study of China’s seven pilot provinces of initial allocation methods of carbon allowance，this paper analyzes the types，and the advantages and disadvantages of initial allocation of carbon allowance. With allocation method with compensation，government auction is generally held and the legal relationship between the government and regulation subjects of carbon emission is administrative contract relationship. Allocation method without compensation follows grandfathering principle and baseline principle，and the legal relationship between the government and regulation subjects of carbon emission is administrative licensing relationship. The author suggests that the government should choose the most suitable carbon trading legal relationship in primary market. When creating legal relations，the government not only needs to emphasize its initiative and mandate，but also to demonstrate diversity and flexibility of relief approaches in dealing with disputes.
The finished oil market in China has rapidly developed in recent years，which has led to diversified market structure and more intense competition. We interpreted the competitive actions in domestic finished oil market with analysis of enterprise competitive action，competitor reaction，decision model of competitive response action and factors influencing competitive action. Then based on related theory and research achievements，we determined market defense and offense as the measuring factors of finished oil market competition action. We conducted a survey among 305 of the staff from five finished oil marketing enterprises，and analyzed the data of the qualified returned questionnaire with SPSS17.0. The research results showed that sorting and analyzing finished oil market competition action from the perspectives of significance，effectiveness and preferences is helpful for finished oil marketing enterprise decision-makers to make judgment and to take competitive strategies suitable for enterprise development. We hope this research can offer some reference for domestic finished oil sales enterprises to effectively participate in market competition.
Focusing on ecological environment protection in hydropower development，the present paper introduces the current situation of hydropower development in the agricultural and pastoral areas in Tibet and its positive and negative effects，with complete and accurate information，and concludes that small hydropower development has made remarkable achievements in the agricultural and pastoral areas in Tibet Autonomous Region since the commencement of the 12th Five-Year Plan. However， problems still exist in the process of small hydropower development in the agricultural and pastoral areas，such as unclear definition of the right，imperfect legislation，lack of overall planning and complete management system，and damage to local ecological environment. By analyzing the above mentioned problems in small hydropower development，this paper suggests the following solutions: perfecting the legal system of hydroelectric development and exploitation in the agricultural and pastoral areas in Tibet，clearly defining the rights for hydropower development and exploitation in Tibet，completing the management system of hydropower development and exploitation，emphasizing the legal status of ecological environmental protection.
With rapid increase in imports and exports in recent years，China’s economic strength is rising，but China has long been the country with the largest trade barriers. But Germany，whose trade has also led the world like China，develops smoothly in foreign trade and has much less trade friction，thus forming the unique“German model”. “German model”has been the unique social market economy model since the World War II，and the success of the“German model”is based on the reasonable foreign trade industrial structure，strong support from government，high technology elements in export product，equivalence of the import and export trade，and great emphasis on services trade. Drawing lessons from the successful experiences of the“German model”，China can develop foreign trade by further perfecting government’s policy support，grasping industry trends，promoting industrial upgrading，and by optimizing the structure of export commodities. Such measures give play to market competition，the creativity of enterprise，the initiative of individuals，and adjust the distortion of the fairness resulting from market failures through high taxes and generous welfare and other social security measures，and finally realize the common progress of government functions，social development and the interests of individuals.
Enterprises are faced with many challenges in the process of economic transition. Problems such as labor disputes between enterprises and employees puzzle business managers，and these problems also draw the attention of management researchers. By studying the existed surveys，we found that the unity of overt labor contract and covert psychological contract has been ignored in enterprise employment relationship，while the features of employment relationship determine that either labor contract or psychological contract can adjust employment relationship effectively. After clarifying the differences between labor contract and psychological contract and their characteristics，this paper analyzes the premise and perspective of integrated management model design of enterprises employment relationship，and designs an integrated management model of enterprise employment relationship. This model puts the psychological contract and labor contract in the employment relationship into a unified framework，analyzes contract implementation from the perspective of both employees and employers so as to realize dynamic management of enterprise employment relationship and to meet the requirements of the economic transition and enterprise development.
With the acceleration of population aging in China，China’s elderly population is increasing，which poses new challenges to pension service models in China. To meet the diversified needs，people from all walks of life are actively exploring new models of pension service. Through a brief review of home-based care services voucher system in Beijing，the authors find out some defects in practice and points out several problems of old-age care services voucher system in the respects of market suppliers，government policies and beneficiary groups. Drawing on the practical experiences of home-based care services voucher systems in other cities of China，the present paper puts forward some suggestions to optimize the home-based care services voucher system in Beijing: firstly，to actively promote the consumption concept and encourage the elderly to buy social services；secondly，to improve the community service system and increase service supplier；thirdly，to vigorously promote allpurpose cards and extend the coverage service vouchers. The above suggestions can function as a reference for the exploration of the pension service model in line with China’s actual conditions.
Egg sharing，as a special egg donation model maximizes the interests of both parties involved. And its unique value in expansion of egg supply highly surpasses other donation models. The United Kingdom’s Human Fertilization and Embryology Authority (HFEA) is the statutory supervision body of assisted reproduction. The egg sharing plan HFEA created in practice，is now the main egg donation model in UK，and is widely adopted. HFEA also established an efficient system in accordance with the demand of development. On the other hand，there lacks legal supervision in China’s assisted reproduction field at present，and egg sales cannot be stopped. Therefore，it is urgent to establish or perfect relevant laws and regulations， whether by introducing a law for artificial reproduction，or by improving the legal status of existing laws and regulations，so as to regulate related behaviors in the field of assisted reproduction. Also，national supervision institution like HFEA and a specialized consultation institution should be set up to ensure the development of egg sharing plan in China.
The interference of administrative power in judicial power has been the root of impediment to the internal judicial independence. In juridical practice，judicatory under the administrative influence has seriously restricted the effective realization of the value of people’s jury system，and the weakened People’s jury system has also provided a space for the rise of administrative influence on judicatory. At present，some of the defects in people’s jury system in China caused the phenomenon of “accompany but not judge，collaborate but not disagree”. The author suggest that the people’s jury system should be improved in the following several aspects: on the basis of assessor system mode，the focuses of the people’s juror and the judge during the judicial process should be adjusted by taking lessons from the experience of the jury system model，so that the people’s juror play a major role in fact-finding and the judge in the application of law；the number of people’s assessors in a collegiate panel should be increased to realize the change from“juror in minority”to“juror in majority”；and the viewpoint of people’s juror should also be included in the judgment. The improvement of people’s jury system surly can soften the negative impact of the judicatory under administrative influence on people’s jury system and promote the de-administration in judicial power. Therefore，the improvement of people’s jury system can be an effective way to realize judicial internal independence.
Man’s study on biological genes provides them with law meaning. However，in addition to enhancing man’s ability of modifying nature，genetics studies contain great danger. Ambiguity of gene researcher identities，insufficient protection of interests of research subjects and the uncertainty of research results are likely to trigger a series of contradictions and entanglements， and even destruction. Laws have certain regulation on the practice of genetics research，mainly including: principles of gene research by the international human genome organization in the Statement on Principled Conduct of Genetics Research； the restriction of genetics research fields by UNESCO in Universal Declaration on the Human Genome and Human Rights and by European Parliament in the additional protocol to the ban of human cloning. However，practice shows that those regulations are not enough to resist the impact of genetics research on humanity. In regulating genetics researches by law，it is important to strike a balance between the development of science and technology and human security，to emphasize the subjectivity of human and objectivity of gene，and to keep balance between selectivity of the parent generation and offspring autonomy so as to realize intergenerational justice. Only with clear direction and a more comprehensive legal regulation can genetics researches be more beneficial to human.
According to the related barracks files of Nanbu County Archives in Qing Dynasty in Nanchong archives，Nanbu County Annals Re-Compiled in Tongzi Period and Local Annals of Nanbu County，the author studied the changes in official attitudes towards the state and county government’s prohibition on saltpeter and sulfur smuggling in the late Qing Dynasty and changes in citizens’responses. It’s found that in Nanbu County Archives in Qing Dynasty literature on saltpeter smuggling prohibition dated back to the 7th year of Yongzheng (AD 1729). But there were no such records between the 7th year of Yongzheng and the early 13th year of Guangxu (AD 1887). After the 13th year of Guangxu，records on such cases reappeared. In addition，different from other state and county government offices，Nanbu county didn’t strictly follow The Great Qing Legal Code when dealing with saltpeter and sulfur smugglers，and when dealing with the confiscated smuggled saltpeter and sulfur. Instead，with the acquiescence of provincial government，the local government sold or turned in everything captured. At the nongovernmental level，trumped-up charges related with saltpeter and sulfur smuggling piled up，which cost Nanbu county human resources，and material and financial resources in the verification and hearing of such charges.
Oil and gas，as important strategic resources，are related to national economy and people’s livelihood. The oil and gas industry，due to its technical and economic characteristics，needs to strengthen supervision in natural monopoly aspects and safety and environmental protection. Based on systematical analysis，this report has developed a roadmap for regulatory reform in the next decade（2015—2025）on China’s oil and gas industry. Specifically，in the years between 2015 and 2020， the main task is to amend the current laws and rules，and to improve current energy administration and regulatory system to fully prepare for the progressive transition to a regulatory pattern with unified but internally separated policy-making and regulation relationship；to open access to the fields of oil and gas exploration and development，oil and gas import and export， oil refinery，circulation，gas wholesale and infrastructure construction and service. In the years between 2021 and 2025，new fundamental laws and rules are to be developed so as to implement macro-management for oil and gas industry with concentrated energy management mode，and according to the principle of separation of policy-making and regulation，an independent and specialized oil and gas regulatory institution is to be established.
Soft counterterrorism measures are necessary complements to hard counterterrorism. Saudi Arabia adopts a series of soft counterterrorism measures when taking hard means to fight against terrorists. The deradicalization is the main element of the soft measures which includes prevention，rehabilitation，and after-care. The aim of the soft measures is to prevent the individuals from becoming terrorists through daily and school education and public information dissemination，to promote the rehabilitation of the involved ones through comprehensive organized counseling；the after-care program aims to help the released ex-terrorists blend in with society. Saudi Arabia’s“soft counterterrorism”measures have yielded significant results， and the discourse dominator of counterterrorism America sings high praise for it，providing it with some financial help.
The nature of concurrence of law articles is substantive one crime and false concurrence，which is different from that of plural crimes in imagined concurrence and that of real concurrence. Clearly defining the connotation and essence of concurrence of law article and clarifying the types of concurrence of law articles are the prerequisites for applying the principle correctly. A new breakthrough is necessary for a concise categorization of types of concurrence of law articles. Concurrence of law article is related to the theory of law relationship，rather than the theory of criminal pattern. The essence of concurrence of law articles is concurrence between constituent elements，whereby concurrence of law articles can be divided into three types: separate concurrence，attachment concurrence and cross concurrence. Separate concurrence which is traditionally called special relationship concurrence of law article is applicable to the principles of“special law exclusion of common law”and abandon the complementary principle of“serious punishment superior to light punishment”
The sub-pledge system first emerged in the early Germanic period and it can be divided into sub-pledge by acceptance and responsible sub-pledge. Different from the sub-pledge by acceptance，responsible sub-pledge has been the focus of controversy in theory and practice because of its complexity and challenge to the“autonomy”. The current legislation in China ignored the existence of responsible sub-pledge and has not made clear provision for responsible sub-pledge，which breeds the following problems: ignoring the usual existence of responsible sub-pledge in reality could lead to imbalance in interests protection for all parties；the inherent limitations of sub-pledge by acceptance often place itself in a false position；it’s not conducive to the principle of“make the best use of everything”and hinder the improvement of overall economic benefits in society. Introducing the responsible sub-pledge system is an appropriate choice for China’s future legislation in the face of the existence of responsible sub-pledge and the lack of relevant legislation.
Owners of ordinary cars and owners of luxury cars have equal legal status，bearing the same responsibilities and obligations，but in traffic accidents involving both ordinary cars and luxury cars，the compensation results are not in line with people’s concept of justice. Therefore，it is of significance to balance the rights and obligations of owners of ordinary cars and luxury cars when traffic accidents occur. The current legal system and insurance system cannot solve the problem of unreasonable compensation after the accident. The author holds that conflicts between ordinary and luxury car owners can be eased by setting insurance for luxury cars which can help achieve substantial justice，protecting equal road rights，and the weaker party in traffic accidents. The luxury vehicle insurance compensation covers only property damage caused by ordinary vehicles. For this purpose，the insurance system is to be reformed to clearly define the maximum amount of compensation and the lowest amount of premium for luxury vehicle insurance.
Zhu Shenghao is one of the most important translators of Shakespeare’s plays and his translation is a milestone in translation history and the history of Shakespeare studies in China. From the perspective of translator ecology，we analyze his thoughts on translation，and investigate his translation activities from four dimensions，that is，the making of the translator， the identity of the translator，the translation of the translator and the acceptance and influence of the translator. We also explore Zhu’s childhood and his education，his broad interests and in particular his interest in Shakespeare’s plays，and his rigorous attitude towards translation. We probe into the significance of his translating Shakespeare’s works under the particular social environment (Anti-Japanese War) when the dignity of the Chinese national culture was endangered. And we find out that translation is not only the translator’s personal and individual activity，but the result of combined effect of the translator himself， social and family environment，cultural atmosphere and acceptance of target reader and audience.
Marxist theory on consumption analyzes the relationship among various factors in the development of consumption and man and illuminates the importance of consumption for the healthy development of society and man. Currently，the rapid development of economy has resulted in consumption alienation and excessive consumption，which seriously hinders the healthy development of society and the construction of a harmonious society. To solve the problems in the consumption patterns，we should guide people to establish a correct concept on consumption by learning from Marxist theory on consumption so as to coordinate the relationship between consumption and man，between material consumption and spirit consumption，between consumption and environment and to build a scientific concept on consumption which conforms to social development.
With the strengthening of the sovereign concept，countries across the world have paid attention to national defense education in peace time. The quality of national defense education in universities determines to a large extent the quality of talent cultivation and reserve that can meet the requirements of national defense. A questionnaire survey from two dimensions of the national defense education was carried out among first year students of Southwest Petroleum University（SWPU），which showed that defects exist in national defense education. In order to improve the effectiveness of the national defense education in SWPU，modifications should be made to the curriculum system. And we suggest using the new media to create positive environment for national defense education so as to arouse students’sense of patriotism，and to promote China’s national defense.
Teacher’s job burnout refers to teachers’loss of metal balance under long-time occupational stress，which leads to mental and physical exhaustion. In recent years，young university teachers，rapidly growing in number，have become the major force in universities. However，pressures from work and interpersonal relationship make job burnout a common phenomenon among them. This paper carried out a questionnaire survey among young teachers in five universities in Sichuan based on Maslach’s three dimensions of burnout theory. And according to statistic analysis with SPSS17.0，we then discuss young university teachers’job burnout from the three dimensions of emotion exhaustion，reduced personal accomplishment，and depersonalization，and finally we suggest measures to relieve job burnout from objective and subjective aspects.
The physical property of energy and people’s attitude to it constitute the enthical dimension of energy related relationship which is fully refelcted in the energy law. The energy law contains rich ethical implications and reveals different aspects of energy: restraint is the demand by ethics from the perspective of economics，which means energy law is first of all a law of energy conservation；efficiency is the demand by ethics from the perspective of science and technology，which means energy law is a law of energy efficiency；order is the demand by ethics from the perspective of politics，which means energy law is also a law of energy security；cleanness is the demand by ethics from the perspective of ecology，which means energy law is a law of energy and environmental protection；sustainable utilization is the demand by ethnics in an overall sense，which means energy law is ultimately a law of energy continuation. All of these demands act as the major forces to the evolution of energy law which integrates economic law，science and technology law，international law，environment law and law for sustainable utilization. Therefore，the energy law shall be listed in the sustainable development law.
After the oil crisis，the Obama government began focusing on new energies and has formed a new energy policy system in order to recover the economy attacked by the financial crisis and to ensure America’s dominant and leading position in the global economy. US advantages in new energy technologies and application give its shale gas revolution competitive edges in new energy technology and industry. They also produce frictions in Sino-US new energy trade by launching antidumping and countervailing duty investigations to get benefits in market expansion，intellectual property rights，market alternative and in rules controlling. We should clarify the characteristics of US profit gaining in new energy trade and comply with the rules of economic development in order to develop scientific new energy development countermeasures，to promote industrial development according to foreign market demands，to gain various accesses to trade benefits and to form a mechanism for industrial development and trade interests acquisition.
Stable political and economic environment，relatively liberal oil policies and regulations and fiscal terms provide good opportunities and prospects for the Chinese oil companies to develop in Oman. CNPC has participated in the managementand decision making by setting joint operation companies with equal shares with foreign oil companies. By analyzing the oil and gas investment environment in Oman and the pattern of product sharing contracts and the strengths and weaknesses of the joint venture company，this paper concludes that Chinese oil companies have achieved maximum benefits by playing the role of double check and audit supervision under equity stake. We then propose a series of risk control methods to enhance Chinese oil enterprises’investment profits，to maintain China’s rights and interests，and to achieve win-win cooperation，which include accurate analysis and forecast of the investment environment in the resource country，budget analysis and control，and full understanding of contract terms，reasonable tax planning and integrated oil cooperation strategy.
After the financial crisis in 2008，migrant workers’entrepreneurship in cities has been given close attention to by the government and relevant departments. Seen from the view of sociology，migrant workers’entrepreneurship in cities is how they define their situation and respond to that. The study reveals that“working economy”constitutes the constraints on rural migrant workers’entrepreneurship；competition is the market condition which is difficult for migrant entrepreneurs to overcome，and farmer rationality is the code of conduct of rural migrant workers’entrepreneurship in cities. So migrant workers need to define the situation in the process of set up their business in cities and act accordingly. Due to the obstacles of national policy，especially the household registration system，rural migrant workers are faced with many difficulties. Therefore，the government must endeavor to improve the policy environment and to create a favorable atmosphere for migrant workers to start their business in cities.
In the process of social transformation，integration and reconstruction of communities of reformed state-owned enterprises， especially communities of bankrupt enterprises，is of great significance in social stability and in social management innovation. Through investigation of the reconstruction processes in three communities（A，B and C）of bankrupt enterprises in Chengdu，this paper explored the way and experiences for new-type community construction. From the perspective of constructing harmonious communities and the theory of multi-governance，we analyzed the integration and reconstruction of communities of reformed state-owned enterprises from such aspects as environmental structure，resources demand and integration， and advised that during the construction of community，the traditional arrangement of communities should be reformed， and community elites and community-serving organizations should play an important role in integrating resources，thus reducing reconstruction cost and improving community autonomy. Meanwhile，government should play a leading role in promoting collaboration among departments and providing support in terms of policy and resources.
The Penal Code of the Philippines specifically stipulates the civil liability of the perpetrators，which is of great significance in ensuring the criminal’s civil liability to pay compensation to the victim，and in guaranteeing the rights of the victim and promoting the integration of criminal law and civil law. About the civil liability of the perpetrator，there exist conflict and contradictions among provisions of China’s criminal law and civil law，which makes it difficult to protect the victims’ right to compensations. Therefore，the author holds it necessary for China’s criminal law and civil law to integrate. As for the realization of integration of China’s criminal law and civil law，efforts should be made in conceptual，normative and practical aspects: we must change our ideas and put emphasis on victim right protection；we must improve criminal legislation and maintain consistency between the criminal law and the civil law，and we must coordinate criminal and civil justice to ensure the resolution of criminal disputes.
With the development of economy and science and technology，environmental tort issues are becoming increasingly prominent. Both in theory and in practice，scholars dispute over whether illegality should be the constitutive elements of the environmental tort liability. Negative attitude is contrary to the traditional civil law theory. Although environmental tort liability is a special tort liability，it is still tort liability in which illegality is the constitutive element. However,we should understand the“illegality”from a new angle，expanding and extending the connotation of illegality. The meaning of illegality refers not only to violation of the environmental laws and regulations，but violation of principles and spirit of protecting man’s rights and interests in constitutional law，civil law and other legal norms. Setting the standard for illegality of environment tort will protect the victim’s rights and interests without hindering the development of social economy，and therefore will help effectively curb the increasingly serious environmental problems.
The introduction of environmental personality right is the natural result of the development of personality rights and the enhancement of civil and social awareness of the rule of law. Environmental personality right is the content of personality right development，and principles of environmental justice in environmental ethics are the theoretical support for the environmental personality right. The environmental right was explicitly included in the regulations of personality rights in the Civil Code of Ukraine in 1996. United States Supreme Court actually established the environmental personality right through the judgment in the case of“Friends of the Earth，Inc. v. Laidlaw Environmental Services (TOC)，Inc.”. Worldwide legislation and practice show that it is already a trend to set the environment personality right as a legal right although China has yet to enact the environmental personality right. Environmental personality right is the pursuit of comfortable living environments，and a right that can reflect man’s position as subject in nature and society. The object of environmental personality right is environmental personality benefits，which include day lighting benefits，peace benefits，clean air benefits，clean water benefits，ventilation benefits，natural landscape benefits and other environmental personality benefits.
DOI is characteristic of uniqueness，permanency，compatibility，traceability and maintainability，and has been widely applied to the registration of journal articles，scientific data，diagrams of data，books and conference papers in foreign publishing circles，but DOI is just at its infancy in China and there are problems in the application of DOI in domestic publishing circles. To improve the dissemination efficiency，DOI should be applied to increasing page view，offering multi access to visitors，integrating citation resources，promoting timely publication and to raising journal impact factor. Given the prominent promotion in dissemination and digitalization of scientific journals made by DOI，scientific journal publishers should make full use of it，registering DOI for journals to promote their displaying amount and citation ratio.
Pin Hua Bao Jian is a pornographic novel，written by Chen Sen in Qing Dynasty，which focused on famous Beijing Opera actor’s life and the homosexual love between Mei Ziyu (a young scholar) and Du Qinyan (a famous actor). As the first novel about homosexuality in ancient Chinese literature history，Pin Hua Bao Jian did not acquire much research attention until the twenty-first century because of the sensitivity of its content. At present，academic researches on the novel are mostly at the macro level，concentrating on the author’s biography，finished time of the book，definition of homosexual relationship，gender studies，and the art of literature creation and drama research. And few attentions have been paid to the description of details from the perspective of literature. The author of the present paper finds out that the key plots of the novel are often associated with dreams，which we believe the writer built as another open space connecting and opposing reality，and as supplements in developing the plot of the meeting and loving between the protagonists Mei Ziyu and Du Qinyan. Due to the difference between dreams and realities，the dramatic conflicts of the novel were presented in a more fierce style in this space，and the author’s mood and intention of creating the novel were also publicized. Therefore，dreams played a very important role in the development of the story，in shaping the image of characters，and in deepening the theme in spite of certain disadvantages.
Energy security is the key to a nation’s development. The energy security challenges facing China，increase of China’s national strength and international influence，promotion of China’s awareness of international responsibility，China’ s integration into international community and participation in global governance practices，and the experience of hosting important international meetings have allowed China to participate in setting the international agenda of energy security. When setting the agenda of energy security，China should adhere to the“balance between national interests and global interests” principle，clearly define issues，develop operational options，and promote non-security issues. Of course，in the practice of setting international agenda of energy security，China will inevitably face restrictions and impacts of agenda-setting itself and other factors. So，when setting the international agenda of energy security，China should take the competition in international agenda setting process into consideration，and be well prepared in defining issues，selecting optional plans and promoting intersubjectivity construction，so as to clarify the nature of issues，improve the significance and relevance of issues，establish issues union，and to introduce highly operational and generally accepted alternative programmes and promote the inter-subjectivity construction. With such efforts，China can guarantee its national energy security.
