多期构造背景下四川盆地古老天然气成藏机制与勘探方向

doi:10.11885/j.issn.1674-5086.2024.10.17.02

西南石油大学学报(自然科学版) ›› 2025, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (5): 49-61.DOI: 10.11885/j.issn.1674-5086.2024.10.17.02

多期构造背景下四川盆地古老天然气成藏机制与勘探方向

唐宇欣^1,2, 肖笛^1,2, 赵立可³, 罗冰³, 周刚³, 胡广^1,2

1. 西南石油大学地球科学与技术学院, 四川成都 610500;
2. 天然气地质四川省重点实验室, 四川成都 610500;
3. 中国石油西南油气田公司勘探开发研究院, 四川成都 610041

收稿日期:2024-10-17 发布日期:2025-11-04
通讯作者: 肖笛，E-mail:super_xd_mm@126.com
作者简介:唐宇欣，2000年生，女，汉族，四川大英人，博士研究生，主要从事石油天然气地质方面的研究工作。E-mail: 15282578022@163.com
肖笛，1989年生，男，汉族，湖北荆州人，副研究员，博士研究生导师，主要从事碳酸盐岩油气地质应用方面的研究工作。E-mail: super_xd_mm@126.com
赵立可，1994年生，女，汉族，四川自贡人，硕士，主要从事四川盆地油气地质研究工作。E-mail: zhaolike@petrochina.com.cn
罗冰，1982年生，男，汉族，河南漯河人，高级工程师，主要从事四川盆地天然气地质综合研究及勘探工作。E-mail: lb2001@petrochina.com.cn
周刚，1984年生，男，汉族，四川资中人，高级工程师，主要从事油气地质方面的研究工作。E-mail:zhougang29@petrochina.com.cn
胡广，1978年生，男，汉族，湖北洪湖人，副教授，主要从事石油地质学及油气地球化学方面的研究工作。E-mail: guanghu1198119@163.com

Natural Gas Accumulation Mechanisms and Exploration Directions of Ancient Reservoirs in the Sichuan Basin Under Multi-Stage Tectonic Backgrounds

TANG Yuxin^1,2, XIAO Di^1,2, ZHAO Like³, LUO Bing³, ZHOU Gang³, HU Guang^1,2

1. School of Geosciences and Technology, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610500, China;
2. Natural Gas Geology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan 610500, China;
3. Exploration and Development Research Institute, Southwest Oil and Gas Field Company, PetroChina, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China

Received:2024-10-17 Published:2025-11-04

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为深化四川盆地震旦系—寒武系天然气富集规律认识、拓展勘探领域，以灯影组为例，研究气藏类型与流体性质，重点探讨多期构造背景下成藏机制及区域差异。研究表明，多期构造运动使灯影组发育构造、岩性及地层—岩性复合气藏。拉张裂陷槽因构造时空差异成为烃源中心，其烃源岩更厚更优。盆地内气藏保存条件好，地层水处于封闭体系，含气性高；盆地边缘构造活动强，保存条件差，地层水开放，含气性低。成藏演化机制可分为4类：原生型（安岳，古油藏裂解原位聚集）、残存型（资阳，古油藏裂解运移残留）、调整型（威远，古油藏裂解调整异位聚集）和破坏型（桑木场，古油藏遭改造破坏）。其中，原生型气藏形成与保存条件最优，调整型次之。构造背景的稳定性是古老层系天然气成藏的关键控制因素，川中古隆起南北斜坡为原生—调整型气藏有利区，是下一步勘探重点。

关键词: 天然气, 构造运动, 生烃演化, 成藏演化, 震旦系灯影组, 四川盆地

Abstract: To deepen understanding of the Sinian-Cambrian gas enrichment in the Sichuan Basin and expand exploration fairways, this study of the Dengying Formation documents reservoir types and fluid properties under multiple tectonic episodes and quantifies their regional variability. Recurrent deformation generated structural, lithologic and stratigraphic-lithologic composite traps. Extensional intracratonic sags evolved into hydrocarbon kitchens that contain thicker, higher-quality source rocks. The basin interior retains a closed formation-water system, excellent preservation and high gas saturation, whereas the marginal zones retains open meteoric flux, weaker preservation and low saturation. Four accumulation styles are recognized: primary accumulation in Anyue where a paleo-oil pool cracked in situ; residual accumulation in Ziyang where cracked hydrocarbons migrated and were partly stranded; adjusted accumulation in Weiyuan where remigration led to entrapment elsewhere; and destroyed accumulation in Sangmuchang where the paleo-pool was breached and dispersed. Primary accumulations exhibit the most favourable formation and preservation conditions, followed by adjusted ones. Tectonic stability is the key control on gas retention in these ancient strata; the northern and southern slopes of the central Sichuan paleo-uplift are the premier fairways for primary and adjusted pools and constitute the focus of future exploration.

Key words: natural gas, tectonic movement, hydrocarbon generation evolution, petroleum accumulation evolution, Sinian Dengying Formation, Sichuan Basin

中图分类号:

TE121

唐宇欣, 肖笛, 赵立可, 罗冰, 周刚, 胡广. 多期构造背景下四川盆地古老天然气成藏机制与勘探方向[J]. 西南石油大学学报(自然科学版), 2025, 47(5): 49-61.

TANG Yuxin, XIAO Di, ZHAO Like, LUO Bing, ZHOU Gang, HU Guang. Natural Gas Accumulation Mechanisms and Exploration Directions of Ancient Reservoirs in the Sichuan Basin Under Multi-Stage Tectonic Backgrounds[J]. Journal of Southwest Petroleum University(Science & Technology Edition), 2025, 47(5): 49-61.

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多期构造背景下四川盆地古老天然气成藏机制与勘探方向

Natural Gas Accumulation Mechanisms and Exploration Directions of Ancient Reservoirs in the Sichuan Basin Under Multi-Stage Tectonic Backgrounds

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