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Table of Content

    20 April 2002, Volume 24 Issue 2
    地质勘探
    CLASSIFICATION OF FRACTURES IN O2+3CARBONATE RESERVOIRS IN TAZHONG I#FAULTED ZONE
    QIN Qi-rong SU Pei-dong DENG Hui
    2002, 24(2):  1-4.  DOI: 10.3863/j.issn.1000-2634.2002.02.001
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    O2+3carbonate rock is the major reservoir rock in the cen-tral Tarim basin. As the matrix porosity and permeability of the strata is very low, fractures play an important role in gathering and transporting oil and gas. Since the different types of frac-tures differ in genesis, occurrence, scale and capability in stor-
    age and transport of oil and gas, a detailed classification scheme is needed to probe the regularity of occurrence and enrichment of oil and gas in the reservoirs. On the basis of detailed investi-gation, the fractures are firstly divided into different types ac-cording to the genesis, type and chacteristics of the fracture-fill-ing material, and the cross-cutting relationship of fractures.
    Then, sub-types are determined according to the occurrence and nature of the fractures. The result shows that fractures in the area under study are complax, with 2 types of diagentic and 5 types (or periods) of structural origen, and the structural frac-tures of each period display different occurrence and characteris-tics.
    METHOD OF DETERMINING BULK IRREDUCIBLE FLU-ID VOLUME WITH NMR AND IT’S CONSTRAINS IN AP-PLICATION
    QUE Hong-pei LEI Bian-jun. 
    2002, 24(2):  5-8.  DOI: 10.3863/j.issn.1000-2634.2002.02.002
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    Irreducible water saturation (Swir) and bulk irreducible fluid volume (BVI) from neclear megnetic resounace logging are not directly measured quantities but are derived from theT2 distribution and the effective porosity. Thus, the acurracy of SwirandBVIis dependent on the methods and associated pa-rameters used in the interpretation of theT2distribution data.The methods used in NMR logging include theT2cut-off value,T2spectraBVIandBVIweighting function.

    石油工程
    EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF FORMATION WATER PROP-ERTIES AT HIGHT PRESSURE FOR ABNORMALLY-HIGH-TEMPERATURE CONDENSATE GAS RESERVOIR
    LIU Jian-yi GUO Ping LI Shi-lun et al. 
    2002, 24(2):  9-11.  DOI: 10.3863/j.issn.1000-2634.2002.02.003
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    The Qianmiqiao gas reservoir of Dagang oilfield is a typical abnormally-high-temperature condensate reservoir. Formation water properties are fundamental parameters needed in develop-ing such reservoirs. In the present work, an experimental method is proposed for determination of these properties. Using this method, tests were carried out on the formation water from wells of Banshen-7 and Banshen-8 under high pressures. The results indicate that both the dissolved gas content in the forma-tion water and the saturation water content in the condensate gas are high for these two wells, which must be taken into con-sideration in reserve evaluation and development planning. Inaddition, the water content in the condensate gas in Well Ban-shen-7 has reached saturation level and thus free water may ex-
    ist in the formation; on the other hand, water content in that in Well Banshen-8 is not in saturation and thus there is no free wa-ter exsisting in the formation. These results provide valuable reference data for development planning and have been proved valid in development production.

    PERFORMANCE PREDICTION OF HORIZONTAL WELL AFTER WATER BREAKTHROUGH
    CHENG Lin-song ZHANG Jian-qi LI Chun-lan. 
    2002, 24(2):  14-14.  DOI: 10.3863/j.issn.1000-2634.2002.02.004
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    Horizontal well is an important technology to develop oil reservoir with bottom water, delay the water breakthrough of oil well and improve the oil recovery rate. However, it is diffi-cult to control and forecast the production performance of oil well after water breakthrough. In this paper we present a sim-plified physical model to develop oil reservoir with bottom water by drilling horizontal wells. On the basis of the previous model,we’ve put forward a practical approach to forecast the produc-tion performance of a horizontal well after water breakthrough in oil reservoir with bottom water and have developed the corre-sponding application software. The prediction data of Renqiu oil
    field goes well with the real production data. It shows that the approach presented in this paper is both satisfactory and practi-cal.
    DETERMINATION OF REASONABLE TESTING DURA-TION FOR DEEP GAS WELL
    LIU Da-lin LI Zhi-ping LI Yun. 
    2002, 24(2):  15-17.  DOI: 10.3863/j.issn.1000-2634.2002.02.005
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    Well testing is a simple and direct way to determine the deliverability of gas well. However, whether the test duration is long enough or not will affect the readings from the test, which will in turn influence the computation of gas well deliverability.Based on the deep gas well configuration, we investigated the
    method, the principle and other factors to estimate the reason-able testing time. We presented a couple of ways to estimate the reasonable testing time, and case study was also provided. We think that our research work is of practical significance in guid-ing test design of deep gas wells.
    A NEW METHOD TO PROCESS WELL TESTING DATA FOR GAS WELL
    WANG Nu-tao ZHANG Shi-qiang
    2002, 24(2):  18-20.  DOI: 10.3863/j.issn.1000-2634.2002.02.006
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    When we analyzed the gas well deliverabilty, we found that the observed bottom hole pressure data scarcely meet the stable requirement. That is to say, when the gas rate is changed, the observed bottom hole pressure is not the desired stable pressure data. In order to get high quality“stable”pres-
    sure data, a new method to process well testing data is present-ed in this paper, which treat the well testing data by introduc-ing two average errors. The new method is used to process the abnormal pressure data duo to unstable flow condition, which overcome the limit that well testing take long time to get stable bottom hole pressure data. The results from real case study
    show that the new method is practical.

    ANYLYSIS OF CHARACTERISTICS OF CAPILLARY PRES-SURE CURVES FROM LOW-PERMEABILITY OIL RESER-VOIRS AND APPLICATION OF THE METHOD
    PENG Cai-zhen LI Zhi-ping JIA Hui-min. 
    2002, 24(2):  21-24.  DOI: 10.3863/j.issn.1000-2634.2002.02.007
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    Oil reserve in the low-permeability reservoirs acounts for a large percentage of the known but intact reserves. In-depth study of the pore structure characteristics of such reservoirs can shed guidance on the study of fluid flow mechanism and on de-velopment planning for these reservoirs. On the basis of analyses of the qualitative character and quatitative parameters of capil-
    lary pressure curves from selected samples, it is found that the capillary pressure curve from low-permeability reservoir can be discribed with a hyperbola. Using measured capillary pressure data, the capillary pressure curves are presented with a set of hyperbola. With this method, accurate mathematical calculation of some important parameters of capillary pressure curves for such reservoirs is made poosible.
    Pressure Transient Interpretation of Inclined Well & Lateral Well
    YANG Lei HUANG Cheng DUAN Yong-gang et al. 
    2002, 24(2):  25-27.  DOI: 10.3863/j.issn.1000-2634.2002.02.008
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    Based on the continuous point source superposition theory, a mathematical model to describe the pressure distribution in in-clined well bore with uniform fluid flow rate has been estab-lished. This model can be used to investigate various well bore configurations, such as perforation length, location, well bore
    angle and permeability variation. According to the Stehfest’s numeric inversion algorithm, the type curve of the pressure drawdown provides a way to conduct well test interpretation and deliverability prediction. On the Log-Log plot, there are two pieces of pressure-derivative horizontal segments. The first rep-resents the early radial flow and the second indicates the pseudo
    radial flow. Under the same perforation interval condition, in-clined or horizontal well is easier to allow fluid flow than vertical well, which can make full use of the reservoir energy.
    AN IMPROVED FINITE ELEMENT METHOD TO SOLVE THE COUPLING MODEL OF HOT FLUID & RESERVOIR
    WANG Zi-ming DU Zhi-min. 
    2002, 24(2):  28-30.  DOI: 10.3863/j.issn.1000-2634.2002.02.009
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    In this paper a practical numerical computation method,namely improved finite element method to solve fluid flow in de-forming reservoir is presented, which is used to solve the ther-mal equation and rock deforming equation by combining with fi-nite difference method. Since the finite element method has its own advantages in designing grid system and treating complicat-ed reservoir boundary and it has been successfully applied to flu-id field study, it is used to solve the complicated mathematical model of hot fluid flow and deforming reservoir. The results from case study indicate that the new method is better than any other finite element or finite difference methods.
    ANALYSIS OF THE REASONS FOR THE DESCENDENT IN- JECTIVITY OF INJECTION WELLS IN RONGXINGTUN OILFIELD
    LI Hong-jian LI Hai-tao SONG Dong-bin et al.
    2002, 24(2):  31-34.  DOI: 10.3863/j.issn.1000-2634.2002.02.010
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    A comprehensive study has been made on the descendent injectivity of injection wells in Rongxingtun oilfield, based on experimental data, in-situ sampling and analyses. The results show that the descendent injectivity could be largely accounted for by poor reservoir quality, poor quality of the injection wa-ter, the incompatibility of the water injected and that in the formation, and the improper intensity of injection. Conclusins made in the work provided valuable reference for the further in-jection measures in this field.
    DIAGNOSIS OF REASONS FOR OIL WELL PLUGGING AND CHEMICAL REMEDIAL TREATMENT TESTS AT TWO OILFIELDS IN BOHAI BAY
    GUAN De YANG Zhai ZHANG Yong et al. 
    2002, 24(2):  35-37.  DOI: 10.3863/j.issn.1000-2634.2002.02.011
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    The characteristics of reservoirs and crude oil, way of drilling and completion at Chenbei and Suizhong 36-1 oilfield have been briefly introduced in this paper. After analyzing the causes of oil well plugging, the in-situ remedial operation tech-niques have been studied. A chemical agent called YS-01 a-gainst organic scales has been developed and used field test. Re-sults show that the plug remover YS-01 is very effective in elim-inating organic scale damage existed in the near well region, and has remarkable production stimulation. The average life span of nine wells after remedial treatment has exceeded 200 days and
    acquired great economic benefits. The successful application will be very nutritious to well surveillance, plugging causes analysis, well operation technology, development of plug remover, well selection for plugging removal and remedial treatment in similar oilfields of Bohai bay.
    ARTIFICIAL LIFT METHODS FOR DEEP WELLS
    SHI Yun-qing
    2002, 24(2):  38-40.  DOI: 10.3863/j.issn.1000-2634.2002.02.012
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    The development of deeply buried reservoirs poses new challenges to petroleum engineers. Production from deep wells will meet difficulties because of high temperatures and high pressures in the depth. In the present paper the various artificial lift methods are reviewed, and hydraulic pumping, rod pump-ing, gas lift and ESP methods as used for deep wells are disc-cussed.
    THE EFFECT OF IN-SITU HORIZONTAL STRESSES AND RESERVOIR PRESSURE ON SAND PRODUCTION IN WEAKLY CONSOLIDATED SAND FORMATIONS
    HE Xiang-qing LIU Xi-ang-jun LUO Ping-ya et al. 
    2002, 24(2):  41-43.  DOI: 10.3863/j.issn.1000-2634.2002.02.013
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    On the basis of rock mechanics, the effects of in-situ hori-zontal stresses and producing pressure drop on sand production in weakly-consolidated sand formations are analyzed, and tech-nique and measures of sand control for such formations are disc-cussed. It is shown that some areas around the borehole experi-ence shear failure and sand production much more easily than
    others as a result of inhomogeneous in-situ horizontal stresses.Therefore, it would help sand control to avoid perforating such areas in selecting perforation sites. In addition, when borehole pressure is kept constant, the possibility of shear failure of per-foration holes and sand production increases with the depletion of reservoir pressure; when formation pressure is kept constant,the possibility of shear failure of perforation holes and sand pro-duction increases with the increase of producing pressure drop.

    DETERMINING THE MAXIMUM LOAD IN RUNNING CASING ENCOUNTERED RESISTANCE UNDER DEEP WELL
    LIU Hui-xin LI Jin. 
    2002, 24(2):  44-45.  DOI: 10.3863/j.issn.1000-2634.2002.02.014
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    The bending failure stability accrued with the increase of the running load, when the small size casing, which was run into the wellbore under the deep well, encountered the resis-tance. The casing contacted the wellface and the friction load was increased between the casing and the wellface, because of
    the casing bends, counteracted some forces, which caused the running loads to decrease at the contact position. According to the typical drilling pipe bend theory and relative experimental results, the calculating model of the running casing encountered the resistance was established, the model is reasonable and reli-able by the analysis and example verification, it provided the theoretical supports for the maximum load.
    STUDY ON DRILLING FLUIDS OF INHIBITING FORMA TION OF MUD BALLS BY ROCK CUTTINGS
    PU Xiao-lin LIANG Da-chuan WANG Ping-quan et al. 
    2002, 24(2):  46-49.  DOI: 10.3863/j.issn.1000-2634.2002.02.015
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    Aimed at the outstanding problem that drilling cuttings form mud balls during drilling operation in Bohai oilfield and based on analyzing the reason of formation of mud balls, a new type of anti-binding agent FNJ-1 has been developed. Results show that remarkable success has been gained in inhibiting drilling cuttings bonding when using FNJ-1 in several hundred
    wells of Bohai QHD32-6 oilfield.
    EFFECTS OF FLUID-FLOW AND ROCK-DEFORMATION COUPLING ON WELLFACE STABILITY
    LIU Xiang-jun YE Zhong-bin WANG Guo-hua etal. 
    2002, 24(2):  50-52.  DOI: 10.3863/j.issn.1000-2634.2002.02.016
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    It is possible that pore pressure of formation around bore-hole is changed whenever during the overbalanced drilling or the under-balanced drilling. The change of pore pressure affects stress distributions around borehole and wellface stability. Filter cake quality will affect formation pore pressure around borehole. The effects of filter cake quality on radius stress, hoop stress,
    axial stress and tangential stress have been studied quantitatively
    in this paper. The result show that, with filter cake quality in-creasing, the support of drilling fluid acting on borehole wall in-creases, the ability that formation around borehole resists tan-gential failure increases and wellface stability improves. On the other hand, the stresses between rock grains increase the ability that formation around borehole resists tensile failure increases and wellface stability improves. The effect of filter cake quality
    on wellface stability of low permeability formation is much sharply.
    APPLICATION OF GEOMETRY STEERABLE DRILLING TECHNOLOGY IN XINJIANG OIL FIELD
    XU Xian-guang SHI Xiao-bing XIAHong-quan et al. 
    2002, 24(2):  53-55.  DOI: 10.3863/j.issn.1000-2634.2002.02.017
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    Geometry steerable drilling is one technology, which deter-mines and controls trajectory through bottomhole actual geologi-cal property. Using the technology, the best geological target can be gotten by controlling the bottomhole drill tools. The MBHW04 is the first well using geometry steerable drilling technology in China. In this paper, the specific steps of the technology and the applied conditions in the MBHW04 were presented emphatically, including the interpreting and applica-tions of gemma ray logging data. Good exploitation results were gotten in MBHW04 applying the geometry steerable drilling technology.

    油气化学工程与化工
    DEVELOPMENT OF GRAIN RESIN PROFILE CONTROL AGENT WITH SALT AND TEMPERATURE RESISTANCE CSL-2
    WU Ying-chuan L Mao-sen GAO You-rui et al. 
    2002, 24(2):  56-58.  DOI: 10.3863/j.issn.1000-2634.2002.02.018
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    In order to improve the development effect of reservoirs solve the conflicts between layers, a grain polymer profile con-trol agent CSL-2 that HPAM reacts with compound crosslinker has been developed in the light of the reservoir features with high salinity and temperature in Zhongyuan oil field, and its
    performance has been evaluated. Results show that CSL-2 can work in temperature up to 130℃, salinity as much as 2.0×105ml/L (Ca2+,Mg2+: 5 000 mg/L), swelling times nearly 50 after absorbing water with satisfied swelling strength. When adding gel breaker, it can be degrade to solution, which over-
    comes the shortcomings existing in the same type profile control agent. The comprehensive performance is better than the same type products in China, and can be used in the reservoirs with depth.
    石油工程
    CORE-SHELL EMULSION POLYMERIZATION AND ITS APPLICATION IN COATING
    DUAN Ming HU Xing-qi. 
    2002, 24(2):  59-62.  DOI: 10.3863/j.issn.1000-2634.2002.02.019
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    The developments of the theory on core-shell emulsion polymerization during the past ten years have been summarized,which includes that polymerization mechanism—polymers aggradations and polymerization in the surface of particles;preparation methods for core-shell particles—batch, equilibrium
    swelling, semi-continuous and continuous; several morphologies and structures of common emulsoid particles and influencing fac-tors of thermodynamics and dynamics; and characteristic meth-ods of core-shell structure including the ability of films forma-tion. Finally applications in coating are introduced.
    石油机械工程及其它
    SOLUTION OF THE MOTION RULE OF TWO-OUTPUT IMPULSE MECHANISM
    LIN Jun;REN Heng-bin;HUANG Mao-lin.
    2002, 24(2):  63-64.  DOI: 10.3863/j.issn.1000-2634.2002.02.020
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    Two-output impulse mechanism is a new style of transmis-sion mechanism of impulse stepless speed regulators. According to approach method of the bar length, the position, velocity and acceleration of two-output impulse mechanism includingIII grades were solved. The motion law of two rockers was studied with Working Model 3D software. The results of calculation in-
    dicated that two-output impulse mechanism has the good consis-tency and adjustable character. Then the working mode of two rockers was determined.
    PREDICTION OF HYDRATE FORMATION CONDITIONS FOR WELL BORE AND TRANSPORTING PIPE
    YU Xi-chong ZHAO Jin-zhou GUO Jian-chun. 
    2002, 24(2):  65-67.  DOI: 10.3863/j.issn.1000-2634.2002.02.021
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    Under the conditions of higher pressure and lower temper-ature, the hydrate may be formed within the transporting pipe,wellbore, and multi-pore medium, when the nature gas contains some water, the gas hydrate will be dangerous for the produc-tion. Structures of hydrate have three types I, II and H. At
    present, most hydrate theoretical prediction models have been developed based on the Vander Waals model. In this paper, based on the statistical thermodynamics, a new hydrate phase e-quilibrium model was derived. The new model is applied not on-ly to the prediction hydrate formation conditions for wellbore and transporting pipe, but also for the calculation of the phase
    equilibrium of hydrate types I, II and H. It is proved that the model is good agreement with field data.
    DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF INNER PIPELINE CORROSION MONITORING SYSTEM
    ZHENG Li-feng YANGXiao-xue ZHANG Ping. 
    2002, 24(2):  68-70.  DOI: 10.3863/j.issn.1000-2634.2002.02.022
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    Corrosion monitoring technology is used to test the inner corrosion or destruction of device, under the proper operation, to avoid the fatal accident, extend device’s life-span, make de-vice work effectively. The pipeline inner corrosion monitoring system was developed and designed as the hardware core of mi-crocomputer, modem, programmable logical controller, signal
    transfer device, corrosion probe and as the software platform of the virtual instrument language LabVIEW. The system can be used to evaluate the effect of anti-corrosion by the electronic re-sistance corrosion probe and linear polarization corrosion probe in the light of the inner electrochemistry corrosion degree and hy-drogen brittle tendency. The system was used in the northwest
    of Sichuan diggings. The results show that the effective, reli-able online monitoring of the inner pipeline corrosion can be run by this system.
    石油经济管理
    FUZZY DECISION-MAKING TECHNIQUE FOR OPTI- MIZATION OF OILFIELD DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM
    GUO Xiu-ying ZHANG Yan-yun. 
    2002, 24(2):  71-74.  DOI: 10.3863/j.issn.1000-2634.2002.02.023
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    Oil and gas field development program includes many tech-nology economic targets, their quantities and units aren’t con-sistent. These technology economic target values are dependent on or contradiction each other sometimes, therefor, we can’tchoose the best development program, by direct comparing one or all technology economic target values of development pro-gram. And the development program is good or bad on one tar-get is relative, has not definite boundary and is fuzzy. Conse-quently, it is rational choosing the best development program.We must consider all target information and specific property and proceed comprehensive evaluation. Scholars studied the comprehensive evaluating method of development program opti-mization before, but these methods were shortage. For this rea-
    son, we apply multiple attribute decision theory and fuzzy theo-ry, in this paper, a fuzzy decision-making technique was devel-oped to evaluate an oilfield development program for rational, accurate and operated easily. It based on studding these fuzzy decisions-making techniques of an oilfield development program that existed. The paper presented a successful example.

    INVESTIGATING THE MANAGEMENT INNOVATION OF CHINA FROM THE NEW OPINION IN THE WEST ENTER PRISE MANAGEMENT
    LIU Ping ZHANG Bin. 
    2002, 24(2):  75-78.  DOI: 10.3863/j.issn.1000-2634.2002.02.024
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    With the emerging of Knowledge economy, the traditional managing conception, management theory and method have been shocked for many years. Since the 1990s, many new trends have come out in western management, including the re-forger of corporation, the management with knowledge capital,CS strategy, and strategy alliance. Building up cultivating orga-nization etc. The new trend of western management is the in-evitable outcome of being suited to economic globalization. mar-ketization and informationization. Now we are facing with get-ting to the one with international economy. Only using the suc-cessful experience of management innovation of foreign corpora-tions for reference on the base of inhering traditions and inno-vating actively can we adapt to the objective demand of national competitions and the marketing economy. This paper analyzed
    and expounded the new viewpoint of western management and put forward the new considerations of our management innova-tion in Chinese features.