Journal of Southwest Petroleum University(Science & Technology Edition)

MODERN RESERVOIR MANAGEMENT

DU Zhi-min XIE Dan REN Bao-sheng

2002, 24(1): 1-4. DOI: 10.3863/j.issn.1000-2634.2002.01.001

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In recent years, reservoir management, a hotspot in the oil and gas exploitation research and one of the most popular words in the present international oil and gas development area, has become an essential model efficiently exploit oil and gas abroad.This paper summarizes the definition, history and development of the reservoir management as well as the main factors affect-ing the successful reservoir management. The organization,
synergism and process of the reservoir management is presented in detail. A reservoir management software developed by SWPI is introduced concisely, and that Petro China should put the modern reservoir management into practice is also pointed out at the end of this paper.

HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT IN RESERVOIR MANAGEMENT

DU Zhi-min WANG Zhong-lin YANG Kai-lei　

2002, 24(1): 5-7. DOI: 10.3863/j.issn.1000-2634.2002.01.002

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The organizational structure of reservoir management is getting flatter, network and information-sharing are getting popular.The active multidisciplinary team should be built based on using network and sharing the integrated information.Hu-man resource management is essential for the team to realize the synergy of geology,engineering as well as economic evaluation.
Successful reservoir management depends upon teamwork and continuous interaction among team members.A synergy of team and its economic value has been discussed and work analysis of the team has been presented in this paper.

TECHNICAL MANAGEMENT IN THE RESERVOIR MAN-AGEMENT

CHEN Xiao-fan DU Zhi-min DENG Rui-jian.

2002, 24(1): 8-11. DOI: 10.3863/j.issn.1000-2634.2002.01.003

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Reservoir management is an integrated method and techni-cal management,and it lies in all the life of oil and gas exploita-tion. Technologies related to the reservoir management vary with the different phases, such as early production period, de-velopment period and producing operation period. The involved technical aspects include reservoir description, establishment
and implement of development plan, dynamic monitoring, de-velopment performance analysis, improvement of recovery strat-egy, decision of final development plan, and so on. These as-pects are tightly connected with each other and become the or-ganic components in the systematic reservoir management.

PATTERNS AND METHODS OF ECONOMIC EVALUATIO IN RESERVIOR MANAGEMENT

LIU Xian-tao WU Lin.　

2002, 24(1): 12-14. DOI: 10.3863/j.issn.1000-2634.2002.01.004

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Modern reservoir management is a new and effective man-agement method that emphasizes the synergy of geology-engi-neering-economic evaluation and achieves optimal management strategy by multi-disciplinary cooperation. Under the new pat-tern, the economic evaluation, which is indispensable to the whole reservoir management system,provides scientific basis for
reaching the goals of optimizing fielddevelopment scheme,im-proving economic profits and reducing investment risk.On the basis of the study,the patterns and analytical methods of the e-conomic evaluation corresponding with the reservoir manage-ment have been put forward.

DECISION-MAKING PATTERN OF OPTIONAL RESER-VOIR MANAGEMENT

LIANG Bao-sheng DU Zhi-min HUANG Meng-yun.　

2002, 24(1): 15-17. DOI: 10.3863/j.issn.1000-2634.2002.01.005

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Reservoir development system is very complicated, it is de-cision-making belongs to the multi-objection optimization. Re-search on the pattern of optimal reservoir management decision is a critical factor to the achievement of optimal reservoir devel-opment and an important guarantee to the smooth execution of reservoir management by making the complex oil field develop-
ment evaluation orderly and consequently offering decision-mak-er the optimal exploitation plan.Inthis paper, two evaluation systems, comprehensive development index system and the e-valuation system of the development process monitor and control are presented. Both the flow chart pf optimal decision-making pattern and the frame of functional structure of multi-objection decision-making system are acquired, based on the preceded re-
search work.

DESIGN OF RESERVOIR MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

CHEN Xiao-fan DU Zhi-min ZHAO Zheng-wen.

2002, 24(1): 18-20. DOI: 10.3863/j.issn.1000-2634.2002.01.006

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It is necessary to develop a set of software system suitable for reservoir management as a technical guarantee because reser-voir management is a complex system engineering.In reservoir management system design,synergism of geology,engineering and economy that embodies the idea of cooperation,is realized through an integrated software design of each sub-system linked to pertinent professional area. In this paper,design principle,
system structure and data flow structure of reservoir manage-ment software is discussed. The total software system is divided into the following seven sub-systems:geology information inte-gration,development information integration,reservoir engineer-ing calculation,development performance management,econom-ic evaluation,real time monitoring and data management and maintenance.The function of each sub-system and mutual coop-eration between them are initially advanced in detail.

CONSTRUCTION AND APPLICATION OF DATABASE OF RESERVOIR MANAGEMENT

DENG Da-qing HE Guan-jun CHEN Ji-dong.　

2002, 24(1): 21-23. DOI: 10.3863/j.issn.1000-2634.2002.01.007

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The foundation and core of reservoir management is its database.In order realize the target of reservoir management,one of the most important steps is to establish the database that is based on the modern database technology and suitable to the current situation of our country’s oil company.This paper pre-sents the following aspects of reservoir management database:its
importance,content,design and construction, maintenance and
function. The goal of reservoir management can be achieved through application of the data provided by the reservoir man-agement database.

PLATFORM DESIGN OF GEOLOGY INFORMATION INTE-GRATION SYSTEM

WANG Zi-ming ZHAO Zheng-wen HUANG Jian-quan.　

2002, 24(1): 24-27. DOI: 10.3863/j.issn.1000-2634.2002.01.008

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Referring to the experiences of modern reservoir manage-ment abroad, a new type of information integration platform aiming to the oil and gas geology and exploitation is designed ac-cording to the requirement of modern software engineering. The work includes the selection of information material, design of
management and enquiry of information, design of platform function and application, interface design and navigation de-sign. While regarding all the map information and written in-formation as an organic integration, the platform involves all kinds of oil and gas development information of petroleum geol-ogy and offers powerful function to the information application
by the multi-subjects management and multi-channels enquiry method. With excellent combination of maps and written words, interface design provides novel and practical operation platform for the information management and enquiry. Also,the two categories navigation and graph navigation provide ac-
curate and prompt location for information enquiry.

MONITORING AND EVALUATION ON RESERVIOR MAN-AGEMENT

HE Guan-jun SUN Lei GUO Xiao.

2002, 24(1): 28-30. DOI: 10.3863/j.issn.1000-2634.2002.01.009

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Application of modern reservoir management methods has been brought about huge profits in economics and society. Dy-namic monitoring of an oilfield is one of key links in reservoir management, which runs through the whole process of the reservoir management. As a result, timely and reasonable
surveillance and appraisal can make us understand the reservoir more clearly and is of great significance for realizing the goal of the reservoir management. In this paper, some factors such as the pattern of an circling reservoir management, the importance of monitoring and evaluation, the contents, the technical sup-ports and the tendency have been introduced.

RISK ANALYSIS FOR RESERVIOR MANAGEMENT PRO-JECT

WU Lin LIU Xian-tao ZHU Shi-jun .

2002, 24(1): 31-33. DOI: 10.3863/j.issn.1000-2634.2002.01.010

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Reservoir management a high investment and risk project in which the risk has direct influence on economic efficiency. As a result, risk analysis for the project plays a very important role in the reservoir management. The risk existing in the reservoir management projects has been analyzed according to characteris-tic of oil-gas exploitation and exploration. It is pointed out that
the key of the analysis on the reservoir management project lies in correct risk estimation, and the methods applying in risk dis-tinguish and risk estimation have been presented.Three typical methods, namely Desired Value,Monte-Carlo Simulation,Risk Influence Diagram, have been specified. Some suggestions about using these methods have been put forward.

GEOLOGY-ENGINEERING-ECONOMICS SYNERGY AP PLICATION IN COMPLEX FAULT BLOCK IN RESERVOI DEVELOPMENT

ZENG Xiang-lin DU Zhi-min CHEN Xiao-fan et al.　

2002, 24(1): 34-36. DOI: 10.3863/j.issn.1000-2634.2002.01.011

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Aimed at the existing problems in the Namazhuang water-flooding field development, multi-disciplinary reservoir manage-ment team is established. The team combines the dynamic and static research work through close the geology-engineering-eco-nomics cooperation, both the aquifer source’s size and the clos-ing of fault, which can not determined by geologic study solely,
are re-recognized by using reservoir engineering dynamic analy-sis and numerical simulation. In this way, the more accurate three-dimension geologic model is acquired. So, this paper of-fers an effective reservoir management method to the exploita-tion adjustment and development of potential in the water-flood-ing complex fault field.

NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF QIANMIQIAO GAS CON DENSATE RESERVOIR IN DAGANG OIL FIELD

PENG Xiao-long DU Zhi-min CHEN Xiao-fan et al.　

2002, 24(1): 37-39. DOI: 10.3863/j.issn.1000-2634.2002.01.012

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Qianmiqiao buried hill gas condensate reservoir has been recently discovered, it is one of complicated and promising reservoirs in Dagang oil field. In this paper, a three-dimensional compositional simulator has been used match phase behavior and history. Many geology parameters of the simulation data is am-biguous, according to their affection on the simulation results,
the range of these parameters are limited. The cooperation a-mong geology-engineering play an important role in avoiding ambiguous solutions. According to well pearmete, many field development schemes are designed and by economic optimiza-tion, several most economic ones are be recommended.

APPLICATION OF SEISMIC PREDICTION FILTER METHOD ON PREDICTING THE PRODUCTIVITY

ZHU Shi-jun DU Zhi- min ZENG Xiang-lin et al.

2002, 24(1): 40-41. DOI: 10.3863/j.issn.1000-2634.2002.01.013

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It is important to predict the productivity of wells accurate-ly in the practice of exploiting of an oil field by means of predic-tion filter model (PEM) used in seismic exploration. The result of calculation from the data of Huabei oil field indicates that the prediction based on PFR is acceptable, and some helpful ideas can be extracted. Compared with other models, PFM is charac-terized by its simple algorithm, fast calculation and high coinci-dence.

THE PARAMETER ALGORITHM OF THE EARTH EXPAN-SION MOTION AND STAGE DIVISION

LIU Quan-wen CHEN Jing-shan ZHAO Jin-zhou.

2002, 24(1): 42-45. DOI: 10.3863/j.issn.1000-2634.2002.01.014

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The article discusses variable quantity calculation method of such parameters as earth’s area,volume and radius in the earth expansion stage.The means that how to evaluate numerical val-ue of the earth expansion by actual data explains and lines up relative calculating formulae.On the basis of former research,the viewpoint about expansion stage,volume expanding stage,
magma filling amount continuous enlargement stage,magma fill-ing amount continuous diminishment stage, earth contraction stage and so on.The earth expansion process is not continuously enlargement and monotonously diminishment.It is controlled by periodic function force.The earth radius is growing slowly in re-cycling of enlargement-diminishment-enlargement-diminish-ment.

GEOCHEMISTRY RESEARCH ON NATURAL GAS RESER-VOIR FORMATION OF XIAOHEBA FM OF LOWER SIL-URIAN IN THE EASTERN SICHUAN BASIN

LIU Cheng-lin LI Jing-ming JIANG Yu-qiang et al.　

2002, 24(1): 46-49. DOI: 10.3863/j.issn.1000-2634.2002.01.015

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The source rock, hydrocarbon generation, source kitchen and trap formation are discussed aimed at Xiaoheba FM of lower Silurian in the eastern Sichuan Basin, which is called natural gas reservoir geochemistry researches. First, through natural gas components, carbon isotope and organic faces analyses, dark shale and gray mudstone of longmaxi FM having high hydrocar-
bon generation potential are thought as the source tock of Xiao-heba Natural gas reservoir. Second, the peak moment of hydro-carbon generation is clear and two large-scale source kitchens are determined by buried history research andTTIcalculation. Third, structure trap formation moment is in accordance with
the peak moment of hydrocarbon production.Forth,the result of fluid inclusion analysis testifies that the critical moment is late Triassic-early Jurassic.In the end,the system of reservoir forma-tion is constructed and natural gas reservoir forming process is clear.

SEDIMENTARY MODEL OF DISTALLY STEEPENING RAMP OF ORDOVICIAN IN SOUTHERN ORDOS BASIN

DONG Zhao-xiong ZHAO Jing-song FANG Shao-xian et al.　

2002, 24(1): 50-52. DOI: 10.3863/j.issn.1000-2634.2002.01.016

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Geologically, the southern area of the central doming of or-dos basin is called Weibei flexural fold. Its width is about 100km from south to north. The Qinling through was in the southern ordos basin. The area was s distally steepening carbon-ate ramp in Ordovician. In the time of high sea level, the cli-mate was moist and warm, and the seawater could communicate with open seawater. In this period, the main sediments were micite, some bioclast limestone, calcarenite, calcisilte lime-stone, reef et al. In the time of low sea level, climate was be-coming more and more scorching and dry. It was difficult for the communication of seawater on the ramp with open sea. In this period, the main sediments were mud-sized crystalline dolo-stone, silt-sized crystalline dolostone, some grain mud-silt-sized crystalline dolostone, mud-silt-sized crystalline grain dolosone,strom rock et al.Because of oversaturated CaSO4or NaCl in some hollows,there were some gypsiferous dolostone and saline
rock deposited on the peritidal are and shallow ramp. On the slope area out the south-ramp, there were some calcirudite and turbidite deposited.

STUDY ON ISOTHERMAL MODEL OF PARAFFINIC HU DROCARBON ADSORPTION IN UNDERGROUND POROUS MEDIA

OU Cheng-hua LI Shi-lun GUO Ping et al.　

2002, 24(1): 53-56. DOI: 10.3863/j.issn.1000-2634.2002.01.017

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The study on isothermal models of paraffinic hydrocarbon adsorption in underground porous media,which is difficult but of practical and theoretical significance,is the foundation of phase behavior laws,fluid flow and reserves calculation in real gas con-densate reservoir.The content presented in this paper is one part of the subject, which has few research literatures published.
This paper consists of three parts.In the first part,a series of single component and multi-component gas adsorption isother-mal models commonly used in chemical engineering practice are described,which are quite complete.These conventional models range from homogeneous to heterogeneous adsorption system,from ideal condition to real reservoir condition.In the second
part,the properties of porous media in real gas reservoirs,which is of stronger heterogeneity than that in chemical engineering field,have been studied.And in the third part,a new idea to de-velop gas adsorption isothermal models in a real gas reservoir was put forward on the basis of the experimental data of hydro-carbon adsorption from core in order to describe accurately the
adsorption of hydrocarbons in real reservoir porous media.

A WELLBORE TEMPERATURE MODEL & ITS’PARA-METRIC SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS

HE Shi-ming HE Ping YIN Cheng et al .　

2002, 24(1): 57-60. DOI: 10.3863/j.issn.1000-2634.2002.01.018

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It is important for the drilling and completion to learn about accurate distribution of circulating temperature in the wellbore. According to the first law of thermodynamics and the theorems of heat transfer, a new two dimension transient math-ematical model of circulating temperature of heat exchange be-
tween the liquid in wellbore, pipe string and underground for-mation has been proposed, which has been solved by termless steady finite difference method. The predicted results from the new model presented in this paper are satisfactorily close to those from other proven models. The sensitivities of parameters to affect the circulating temperature in wellbore have also been
analyzed. The new model can be employed to calculate tempera-ture distribution of drilling mud, pipe string, fluid in the annu-lar and the formation of real circulating circumstance.

EARLY WELL TESTING FORMULATION OF THE HORI-ZONTAL WELL

L uTao L uJin.

2002, 24(1): 61-63. DOI: 10.3863/j.issn.1000-2634.2002.01.019

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The early flow of the horizontal well means the phase from the beginning of the production to the propagation of the pres-sure difference that did not reached the reservoir boundary yet.The phase was regarded as the radius flow in the published liter-ature, there are various formulations to calculate the early end time, the results of different equations have big errors, and
some of them lacked theoretical supports. According to the earlyiso-potential surface, that is the revolved ellipse surface with the two ends of the horizontal well, the early well testing equations and the calculating method of the early end time were derived in light of the mass conversation. The theory and practice have shown that the equation derived out in the paper more described the early fluid flow law, the calculated results were more rea-
sonable than those before.

SEVERAL MATHEMATICAL MODELS AND THEIR INTER-RELATION ON MULTIPHASE FLUID FLOW

LIU Chang-gui SUN Lei LI Shi-lun et al.　

2002, 24(1): 64-66. DOI: 10.3863/j.issn.1000-2634.2002.01.020

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The conversion among the components and related phase change plays an important role in the process of improving the recovery by gas injection, so it is very necessary to study the fluid flow law on reservoir fluids in the course of conversion and phase change. The paper developed a common numerical model on multiphase fluid flow by Darcy Law based on phase equilibri-um and Mass Conservation Law, and then the black oil model and the multi-component model for CO2injection were devel-oped. The model for CO2injection is different from the others for CO2injection which were not enough to consider the mass conservation when the CO2gas was dissolved in water.

THE EVALUATION OF DEEP INNER FORMATION DAM AGE THROUGH TRANSIENT TEST DIAGNOSIS CURVE

HU Shu-yong CHEN Jun REN De-xiong et al.　

2002, 24(1): 67-70. DOI: 10.3863/j.issn.1000-2634.2002.01.021

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Water injection is a commonly used way to develop oil field, which can maintain reservoir pressure to ensure steady wellhead oil rate. In the process of waterflooding, there may occur physical or chemical reaction between the injected water and reservoir porous media, which would result in the increase
of fluid flow resistance and the reduction of reservoir permeabili-ty. In general, the formation damage is evaluated by transient test, which only reflects the damage of neighborhood wellbore while as for deep inner formation damage there were few further researches published. We analyzed the characteristics of deep inner formation damage on transient test curves based on the
typical example data .The factors leading to formation damage were also studied. Thus, we found the method to evaluate deep inner formation damage by transient test data. This method has been proven practical in guiding water injection operation.

NEW SOLUTION OF WELL TEST MODEL IN FRACTURE POROUS RESERVOIR

LI Qi-shen HUANG Cheng DENG Wei.　

2002, 24(1): 71-73. DOI: 10.3863/j.issn.1000-2634.2002.01.022

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According to the fluid flow character of the fractured-porous reservoir, there is the fluid exchange between the frac-ture and matrix. The fluid flow among the fluids was not con-sidered in fracture reservoir in the past, and only the source and sink was considered in the fluid exchange between the fracture and matrix. The paper established the fluid flow different equa-tion of the full coupled fracture-porosity reservoir in term of the fluid flow between the fracture and matrix, the paper presented the Laplace transform solution in the Laplace space by the prin-ciple of the superposition. It has an important guidance meaning to understand the fluid flow law of the fracture-porosity reser-voir and well testing analysis.

RECOVERY STUDY ON GAS INJECTION SIMULATION BY EOS IN GAS CONDENSATE RESERVOIR

GUO Ping XIAO Yong DU Yu-hong et al.　

2002, 24(1): 74-77. DOI: 10.3863/j.issn.1000-2634.2002.01.023

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To improve the recovery of condensate oil is the primary purpose to develop gas condensate reservoir. Gas injection can prevent condensate oil from separating out from gas condensate reservoir. The PVTCOG application software developed by our-selves and the PR state equation were employed in a real closed condensate gas reservoir to study the depletion performance in different production stages, the influence of dry gas, the nitro-gen and carbon dioxide on the dew point pressure, the gas injec-tion time, the condensate oil reserve and the condensate oil re-covery. The results showed that: different injection gas has dif-ferent impact on dew point pressure; with more gas injection the condensate oil reserve will come down while the condensate oil recovery will go up; the optimum time for gas injection is not
necessarily at pressure higher than dew point pressure.

THE RECOVERY STUDY OF HU12BLOCK IN HU ZHUANGJI OIL FIELD

ZHANG Jia-you ZHANG Guo-qing WU Shu-ying .　

2002, 24(1): 78-80. DOI: 10.3863/j.issn.1000-2634.2002.01.024

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Hu12 Block of Hu Zhuangji oil field is a highly heteroge-neous reservoir. At present the water cut in this block is quite high while the recovery rate is still low after waterflooding more than a decade, which means that there is much oil remaining in place. In order to get more oil from this block, we employed a
couple of ways such as Lab experiments, correlations from home and abroad and field data to predict the final recovery rate. Ac-cording to our research results, we can enhance the potential oil production by improving the sweeping efficiency of waterflood-ing. We also suggest that many conventional ways such as grouping smaller layers, changing the well pattern in some area, controlling profile and applying EOR should be used to improve recovery rate.

EFFECT OF AXIAL LOAD ON CASING THREADS CON-NECTION STRESS

LI Qian FENG Shao-bo.　

2002, 24(1): 81-83. DOI: 10.3863/j.issn.1000-2634.2002.01.025

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There are very big axial tension and compression in th casing under the deep well and large displacement well. the paper analyzed the weakest threads joint of the casing string bthe finite element method (FEM), and studied the contac pressure and the stress distribution under the API LTC axia tension and compression. the results shows that the maximu connection pressure of API LTC casing joint located in the mal threads root, the contact pressure and stress of the front fou threads is greater than any others. The threads gluing an yielded failure possibly occurred. It has an important signifi cance to select the API LTC casing correctly for the deep wel and large displacement well.

NUMERICAL SIMULATION RESEARCH ON BOTTOM-HOLE CROSSFLOW FIELD

CHEN Xiao-yu LIU Yi-jun SONG Xiao-jian et al.

2002, 24(1): 84-86. DOI: 10.3863/j.issn.1000-2634.2002.01.026

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According to a lot of theoretical studies, laboratory experi-ments and oilfield experience, It was proved that the bottom-hole flow field seriously affected the drilling efficiency, down-hole safety and bit operation life. The geometry shapes and ar-rangements of the nozzle are the key factors to determine that
the bottom-hole flow field is reasonable or not. In order to de-velop the predictable and quantitative research technology, the potential flow theory was used to simulate the bottom-hole crossflow field. Compared the results of the simulation to the experiment in the laboratory, it was shown that the result of the numerical simulation about bottom-hole crossflow field can
describe the cases of several jet interactions under the condition
of the deferent nozzle combinations, different lateral inclina-tions, different rear inclinations. It can provide a certain theory supports for the evaluation of the bottom-hole flow field and drilling efficiency.

THEORETICAL STUDY OF THE FLUID FIELD WITHIN THE HYDRAULIC FRACTURE

YANG Xiu-fu CHEN Mian LIU Xi-sheng.　

2002, 24(1): 87-90. DOI: 10.3863/j.issn.1000-2634.2002.01.027

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The hydraulic fracture process is the fracture prolongation period when the formation is pressured by the fracture liquid.During the process, the flow character within the fracture greatly influenced on the fracture prolongation and shapes. To determine the fracture width in the hydraulic fracture process,
first, it will get the distributed law of the fluid pressure within the fracture, according to the hydraulics theory, and find the relationship between the fluid pressure and the fracture width. And then determine the fracture width or the direction of the coupled fluid-solid. Finally, calculate out the geometry parame-
ters of the fracture of the principle of rock mechanics and frac- ture mechanics. The paper derived out a new theoretical model described the flow field within the fracture by the study of the flow field within the fracture, and provided a theory for the so-lution of the 3-D fracture geometry parameters.

RESEARCH AND APPLICATION OF ACIDIZING TECH-NOLOGY OF NON-ACTIVE NITRIC POWER

TANG Yuan-chun YUAN Yu-feng CHEN Yu-hui et al.　

2002, 24(1): 91-94. DOI: 10.3863/j.issn.1000-2634.2002.01.028

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The non-active nitric powder is a new material for acidizing which exhibits non-active in normal state but can decompose strong oxide HNO3after activation. In order to solve some problems that the activation underground is hard to control and the power has low efficiency in the acidizing treatment by non-
active nitric, an activator A has been selected successfully, opti-mized its applying concentration and acquired a new acidizing fluid formula system. In this system, a pre-activating technolo-gy in the ground has been adopted which can reach higher core corrosion rate and permeability, low corrosion rate to metal so that the purpose for deep acidizing can be achieved. Results ap-
plied in the field have shown that the effect of stimulation is no-table after acidizing treatment by the formula, and it is suitable for acidizing to sandstone reservoirs which permeability are low to extreme low and strong sensitive.

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