Abstract: During the Agrarian Revolutionary War， Mao Zedong realized the greatness of the power of the peasants in his revolutionary practice and pioneered to classify the peasants as the prior force of the revolution. The class limitations of the peasants， the growth of the revolutionary ranks， and the nature of the Communist Party of China required that the peasants be educated in politics， economy， military， and culture so as to meet the needs of the revolutionary situation and economic and social development. The Fifth Plenary Session of the 19th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China proposed to give priority to the development of agriculture and comprehensively promote rural revitalization. Facing the relatively weak rural ideological education，the generally low level of education of peasants，and the bottleneck in increasing agricultural incomes，we suggest that we borrow from Mao Zedong's thoughts on peasant ideological education during the Agrarian Revolutionary War in deepening rural reforms and rural construction，and in striving for the realization of the Chinese dream of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation， by strengthening peasants' ideological and political education， and by inspiring their enthusiasm for building the socialist China.

Key words: the Agrarian Revolutionary War, Mao Zedong, peasant, ideological education, rural revitalization