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    20 October 2005, Volume 27 Issue 5
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    地质勘探
    DISCUSSION ON THE FAULT SEALING AND CHARACTERISTICS OF O IL HYDROCARBON ON THE WEST SLOPE OF Q INAN SAG, HUANGHUA DEPRESSION
    ZHANG Jie QIU Nan-sheng WEIA-juan et al
    2005, 27(5):  1-4,13.  DOI: 10.3863/j.issn.1000-2634.2005.05.01
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    Fault sealing is divided into lateral sealing and vertical sealing. Based on this point, this paperdiscusses the fault sealing on thewestslope of Qinan bymeans ofdetermining the shale content of fault fillingmaterials and analyzing the shale smearon fault surface. In order to know the fault sealing in geology history, the course of themain faults (F2, F3, F6, F7, F8) evolution history is revealed. The characters of fault sealing on west slope ofQinan sag are as follows: (1) The second tectonic activity has limited effect on lateral sealing of faults. (2) The faults prevent oilmigrating in Es3 in west slope ofQinan sag.(3) Hydrocarbon migrates from the center ofQinan sag to the west slope through sands.

    STUDIES ON THE POTENTIAL OF OIL & GAS RESOURCE IN CHAIWOPU DEPRESSION
    KUANG Li-xiong;GUO Jian-hua WANG Yin-ming et al
    2005, 27(5):  5-9.  DOI: 10.3863/j.issn.1000-2634.2005.05.02
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    The characters of sedimentary evolvement and source rock are studied, the potential of hydrocarbon resources is predicted and the bestplays and prospecting objects are evaluatedwith the techniques ofbasin analysis, sedimentary facies analysis, effective source rock evaluation, denudation thickness resume, and reformed basin modeling under the guidance of the theories of basin evolution, hydrocarbon generation, and reservoir formation. It is demonstrated that the northern part of Chaiwopu depression and the presentBogedamountain are deep lake to half-deep lake at late Permian; themain source rock, which is located in the northern partofChaiwopu depression, is UpperPermian which belongs to good to intermediate source rock; by crude oil and source rock contrast, crude oil in the Chaiwopu structure comes from UpperPermian source rock in the northern partofChaiwopu depression, theUpperPermian source rock has definite resources potentia;l the best plays are Chaiyang fault-fold belt and Sangeshan thrust-fault belt, the best prospecting objects are Chaiwopu structure and Akesu structure.

    STUDY ON RESERVO IR CHARACTERRITICS OF THE DOLOM ITE IN THE SHUANGHU AREA, Q IANGTANG BASIN
    ZHANG Xiao-qing YI Hai-sheng ZHU Ying-tang
    2005, 27(5):  10-13.  DOI: 10.3863/j.issn.1000-2634.2005.05.03
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    Based on the physical properties of dolomite, mercury in trusion analysis and the identification of cast thin section, the petrology, porosity and physicalproperties characteristics ofdolomite in the Shuanghu area, Qiangtang Basin study area have been discussed in detai.l Ithas been pointed that, themajor accumulated spaces of dolomite are intercrystal pores, intercrystal solution pore and fissure, and fine or coarse crystalline dolomite has good physicalproperties. According to the physicalproperties of dolomite and pore texture parameters, the dolomite reservoir in the study area has been classified intoⅠandⅡtypes, and it is the important objective in the exploring oil and gas.
    PROSPECTS AND STATUS FOR THE STUDY ON RESERVO IR FRACTURES
    SU Pei-dong; QIN Qi-rong HUANG Run-qiu
    2005, 27(5):  14-17.  DOI: 10.3863/j.issn.1000-2634.2005.05.04
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    The study on reservoir fractures is a difficulty for the prospecting and exploitation. The forecast and study on eservoir fractures in nowadays are summerized in this paper, and forecast of the development direction of reservoir fractures in the future put forward. It is pointed out that fracture porosity, penetrability and fracture validity are the most important aspects of reservoir fracture forecast in the future.

    石油与天然气工程
    EVALUATION AND CONTROL OF FORMATION DAMAGE INDUCED BY CRUDE ASPHALTENE PRECIPITATION
    ZHAO Feng-lana YAN Jie-nianb
    2005, 27(5):  18-22.  DOI: 10.3863/j.issn.1000-2634.2005.05.05
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    To prevent formation damage induced by asphaltene precipitation is one of difficult issues encountered during heavy crude reservoir production. In this paper, a new method to evaluate the formation damage induced by precipitation of asphaltene quantitatively was established by adopting the core flooding tests, and the effect of various factors on formation damage was evaluated. The methods to evaluate the effectiveness of the asphaltene inhibitors and solvents were established. According to the experimental results, the asphaltene inhibitors YZ-06 and DA-80, and asphaltene solventL-01 and L-02 are shown to be suitable for the evaluated reservoir. Thus, a new technologywasestablished including evaluating and ntrolling formation damage induced by precipitation of crude asphaltene.

    APPLICATION OF GENENTIC ALGORITHM TO MATCH THEORETICAL VARIOGRAM
    FENG Guo-qing ZHOU Yong-yi LI Yun et al
    2005, 27(5):  23-25.  DOI: 10.3863/j.issn.1000-2634.2005.05.06
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    Theoreticalmodel of variogram is essential in geostatistics,which is the key parameter in reservoir heterogeneity character ization and stochastic simulation. Aiming at the disadvantages of conventionalusedmethods thatmatch theoretical variogram such as man-made matching method, non- linearmethod of least square, weighted polynomialmatching, an new matching method was presented, which used genetic algorithm to acquire the best fit of theoreticalvariogram. Genetic algorithm is an novelo ptimization method with the characteristic of global optimization.Combined with simulated annealing method, it converged faster than conventional genetic algorithm. Application of the method tomatch theoretical porosity variogram in gas reservoir of Chuan-zhong gas field has shown thismethod was simple and quick for estimating theoretical variogram parameters.
    CALCULATION METHOD OF RELATIVE PERMEABILITY CURVE FROM PRODUCTION DATA
    WANG Nu-tao CHEN Hao WANG Tao et al
    2005, 27(5):  26-28.  DOI: 10.3863/j.issn.1000-2634.2005.05.07
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    A calculationmethod of relative permeability from water cut of production data is presented in this paper. The method reflects practical oil field production performance, especially field is developed tomiddle or later period. The relative permeability curves are difficult to be acquisited through laboratory experiments. Whereas permeability curve acquired through themethod presented here can reflect current condition, and exact permeability can be offered to numerical simulation. Thismethod can overcome limitations of laboratory experiments. Both relative permeability ratio and relative permeability value can be obtained by thismethod. At this point, itcan be used to predict the performance of the reservoir and evaluate exploitation effectiveness.

    THE STUDY ON REASONABLE O IL RECOVERY RATE MODEL OF FRACTURE-VUG TYPE CARBONATE RESERVO IR IN THE EARLY DEVELOPMENT PERIOD
    LI Lian-min DU Zhi-min DU Juan et al
    2005, 27(5):  29-32.  DOI: 10.3863/j.issn.1000-2634.2005.05.08
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    The depletionmethod is themost reasonable method to exploit fracture-vug type carbonate reservoirs. In the case of developmentby depletion, it is especially important to determine a reasonable oil recovery rate when stablishing reasonable development plan. In this paper, according to successful development cases ofother similar fields, many affecting factors are taken into account and multiple-stepwise-regression analysismethod is used to derive a reasonable oil recovery ratemodel of fracturevug type carbonate reservoir in the early development period.Thismodel includes fluid properties and reservoirparameters and is consistentwith physical concept that indicates inherent geological conditions'effect on oil recovery rate. It can bewidely used and draw a primary conclusion on reasonable oil recovery rate of fracture-vug type carbonate reservoir in the early depletion developmentperiod. Numerical simulationmethod is used to prove that thismodel is applicable to field practice.
    THE FUZZY OPTIMUM SCREENING METHOD OF CO2 HUFF AND PUFF CANDIDATE OIL W ELL VIA NEURAL NETWORKS
    HOU Tian-jiang ZHENG Yun-chuan SUN Lei et al
    2005, 27(5):  33-36.  DOI: 10.3863/j.issn.1000-2634.2005.05.09
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    The screening and comprehensive evaluation of CO2 huff and puff candidate oilwell is the base of the project'success. In the comprehensive evaluation progress ofdetermination ofweight by either analytical hierarchy process or fuzzy analytical hierarchy process is ofmuch subjectivity, we integratemethod of neural networks and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation, obtain the evaluation parameterweightwhich reflecting the effect of the importance of each parameter to CO2 huff and puff by self-teach-ingmechanism of neural network., so that the weightwould reflect the fact. The field application indicates that thismethod ispracticable in screening and comprehensive evaluation of CO2 huff and puff candidate oil well
    RESEARCH ON THE K HEAVY O IL RESERVO IRW ITH OPTIM IZING NUMERICAL SIMULATION
    ZHANG Xiao-feng ZHANG Lie-hui FENG Guo-qing
    2005, 27(5):  37-39.  DOI: 10.3863/j.issn.1000-2634.2005.05.10
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    TheK reservoir is a typical shallow heavy oil reservoir in westChinawith average depth of 240m and belonging to fringe oxygenation heavy oil reseavoir. Aimed at the low sweep efficiency of the injected steam, the deficient heat connect and the bad economic benefit in the producing process ofK reservoir, atypicalwell group was chose for studying. W ith the application of reservoir numerical simulation, a detailed study is done on technique plans which could be applied in K reservoir such as steam flooding, intermittent steam flooding, low quality steam flooding and so on. Combine the economic factorswith the final oil recovery efficiency of every plan 's results, it is recognized that the reasonable plan is intermittent steam flooding. The reasonable steam injection rate is 80-100 m3/d and the injection cycle is sixmonths. Results of the numerical simulation should be consulted in the reservoir exploitation.
    RESEARCH ON PRESSURE BOOST TO EXPLO IT PROJECT IN PENGLAIZHEN GAS RESERVOIR,XINGCHANG GAS FIELD
    WANG Yu-shen
    2005, 27(5):  40-43.  DOI: 10.3863/j.issn.1000-2634.2005.05.11
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    Penglaizhen formation gas reservoir ofXinchang gas field is a shallow layerandmiddle sizewhole package sandstone gas reservoir, which has been exploited extensively more than nine years and has become a low pressure field.Constrainted by the pipe network pressure, the production of the gas reservoir has declined rapidly and it is difficult to maintain its production steadily. In order to keep the gas reservoirs' production steadily,based on the recoverable reserves' research, the paper sets up themodel of the production system of the gas reservoirwith the ReO software and simulates 21 programs ofpressure boost to exploit. The modeling effort proves that the gas reservoir divided into chuanxiao 161, 163 and 156 wellblock and used gas compressor to exploit can maintain production stabilization, and pressure boost to exploit can increase gas production 0. 23447 billion cubic meter, the average recovery factor of single well will increase 8. 26 percent, the gas reservoir whole pressure boost to exploit can take back all the investment andmay get favorable benefit.
    MODEL OF M IXTURE LOSS CONSIDERING INFLUX ANGLE IN HORIZONTAL WELL
    XU Yan-dong LI Chun-lan WEI Hui-qin et al
    2005, 27(5):  44-46.  DOI: 10.3863/j.issn.1000-2634.2005.05.12
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    The flow of the differential section at the perforation of horizontal well was analyzed in the paper. According to the continuity equation, themomentum equation and energy equation of gas and liquid phase, the mixture lossmodel of the gas and liquid phase under the condition ofhaving nomass exchanging between gas and liquid, isothermal and steady flowwas gotten. The mixture loss of horizontal bore through the model was calculated.The result indicated that the influx angle had more influence to themixing loss. Under the condition of no influence to the output, we should do ourselves best to adopt the influx angle smaller than 90 degrees. Thismodelhad the directive significance to research the change of traditionalperforationway, sidetrack horizontal well and fracturing horizontalwel
    EFFECT OF PERFORATION MODE ON THE FRACTURING PRESSURE AND CRANNY GEOMETRIC SHAPE
    WANG Zu-wen GUO Da-li DENG Jin-gen et al.
    2005, 27(5):  47-50.  DOI: 10.3863/j.issn.1000-2634.2005.05.13
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    Using large real triaxiality fracturing simulation experiment system, the effect of perforation mode on the fracture pressure and cranny geometric shape through simulating the stratum condition, monitoring the fracturing process and pressure and observing cranny split and stretch shapewas studied in the paper.The research results showed that under the condition of invariable in-situ stressmagnitude and distribution, fracture pressure would increase if the perforation angle increased, fracture pressure would decrease if the number of perforation increased.In order to efficiently decrease fracture pressure and improve fracturing success ratio and effectwe should select perforation angle 0°, and under the permission of sleeve allowable strength the more the perforating density is, the better itwillbe. The cranny shape ofSingle tierperforationwas simple, and the cranny shape of more tier perforation was complex.
    APPLICATION OF PRESSURE BUILD-UP CURVE IN HIGH-PRESSURE, LOW-PERMEABILITY RESERVO IR W ELL K ILLING FLUID DENSITY OPTIMIZATION PROCESS
    MIAO Guo-zheng WANG Xian-xian WU Jian-fu et al
    2005, 27(5):  51-52,6.  DOI: 10.3863/j.issn.1000-2634.2005.05.14
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    Because ofweak pressure conductive ability in high-pressure and low-permeability reservoir, pressure builds up slowly when the oilwell shutdown, and well killing fluid density, according to formation pressure, is higher, resulting in formation damage. In this article, through analyzing pressure build-up speed of the reservoir, thewriterdetermines the appropriate well killing fluid densities which are suitable for different pressure build-up speed and operating cycle. Great effects and economic benefithave been achieved by in-site application, and the reference can be provided for the well killing fluid density optimization in the similar reservoirs.
    STUDY ON THE CALCULATING METHOD OF THE TOTAL FRACTURING FLUID LEAK-OFF COEFFICIENT
    ZENG Xiao-hui GUO Da-li WANG Zu-wen
    2005, 27(5):  53-56.  DOI: 10.3863/j.issn.1000-2634.2005.05.15
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    Accurate understanding and calculating the total fracturing fluid leak-off coefficient is both key problem to the fracturing design and the importantmatter to the analysis after fracturing.This paper discusses and analyzes four kinds ofmethods of calculating the total fracturing fluid leak-off coefficient, .i e, theory calculation, post- fracturing pressure decline analysis,pressure gradient at instant shut-in and pressure inversion during the fracturing. The research results show that the total fracturing fluid leak-off coefficient collected from theory calculation is less than practical situation, and the lower the permeability is, themore serious the problem is. This papergives amodified equation to the total fracturing fluid leak-off coefficient collected from theory calculation.
    ADJUSTING AND DRIVING SOLVE AND STOP UP CHANG ING DIRECTION OF WATER FLOODING IN W95 BLOCK
    XIAO Li-ping
    2005, 27(5):  57-61.  DOI: 10.3863/j.issn.1000-2634.2005.05.16
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    Those contradictions among layer and level cause two serious phenomenon appeared. The use of two-and-three-rate reservoir bed became bad middle and later periods of water flooding development, involved the volume diminished, and the effect of adjustand drive and solve and stop up became bad year by year. Thickness that absorbed water only occupy thickness of perforation 41. 7%, contradictions among layerwere aggravate at present. So the craft of adjust and drive, solve and stop up,change direction ofwater flooding directlywere presented.It can change direction ofwater flooding among layer and leve.After adjust and cut open 39 wells and acid 24 wells, thickness that absorbed water increased 12%, the degree ofwater drove controlling improved 7%, the degree ofwaterdrives using improved 7. 5%, the average pressure ofwater flooding declined 1. 5MPa,the ability ofwater flooding increased every day. Then the oil increased 8500t, natural decrease slew down 1%, and the petroleum extraction received rate raised 1%.

    油气化学工程与化工
    SYNTHESIS AND PROPERTIES:A COMPLEX WATER ABSORBING RESIN OF AA/AM/AN COPOLYMER COMBINED W ITH INORGANIC FILLERS
    LIU Yong-bing PU Wan-fen HU Qin et al
    2005, 27(5):  62-64.  DOI: 10.3863/j.issn.1000-2634.2005.05.17
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    A complexwater absorbing resin has been prepared by water solution copolymerization of acryl amide (AM), acrylic acid
    (AA)and acrylic nitrile (AN), combiningmontmorillonite, kaolin and talc as inorganic fillers. The absorption ability of the water absorbing resinwith three kinds of inorganic material mentioned above as additive have been compared and studied. Results show that its absorbency in water is up to 138.67 g·g-1,in 5% NaCl solution 46.8g·g-1, in 0.3% CaCl2solutio 14.17g·g-1. Ability of the inorganicmaterials for raising waterabsorbent speed and power:kaolin>montmorillonite>talc.Contribution of inorganic materials for raising salt-absorben speed and power: talc >kaolin>montmorillonite. Contributio of the inorganicmaterials for raising salt resistance: talc>montmorillonite>kaolin.
    THE DISPOSITION OF OILFIELD WASTEWATER BY ELECTROCOAGULATION
    WANG Bing FENG Ying ZHANG Tai-liang
    2005, 27(5):  65-67.  DOI: 10.3863/j.issn.1000-2634.2005.05.18
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    It has been raised a new method, electrocoagulation in disposition of gas-field wastewater. The reacting mechanism and condign technological conditions have been studied in the lab.Results show that themain pollutantCODcrremoval rates of gas-field wastewater are 50% ~60% when take this technique as first-order reaction, while CODcrremoval rates can reach 70%~80% when as secondary reaction. In addition, this
    RESEARCH ON MEMBRANE TECHNOLOGY IN NATURAL GAS SEPARATION
    YANG Yi LI Chang-jin LIU En-bin
    2005, 27(5):  68-71.  DOI: 10.3863/j.issn.1000-2634.2005.05.19
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    Membrane separation is a new chemical separation which dealingwith natural gas. In the latest years, itwas noticedmore widely. According to the principles of membrane separation and character, this paper considered the type ofmembrane, which can treat the naturalgas verywell, and the operating parameters ofmembrane system. Then, this paper put forward some membrane separation systems and corresponding technology.The application of this technologymakes a new field in gas-treating,especially, it has very wide prospect for dehydration and desulfurization from the acid gas production in a single well
    EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON THE DYNAMIC FLOWING GELLING TIME OF CROSSLINKED POLYMER SOLUTION AND ITS TRANSFER PROCESS IN POROUSMEDIUM
    LUO Xian-bo PUWan-fena WU Hai-yanb et al
    2005, 27(5):  72-74.  DOI: 10.3863/j.issn.1000-2634.2005.05.20
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    In this article, experimental investigation of the flowing gelling time and transferprocess of crosslinked polymer solution has been conducted in porousmedium with a long sand packing model.The flowing gelling time has been ascertained and the transfer process in porousmedium has been considered. Results indicate that the dynamic gelling time ismore than the static gellin time and the dynamic gelling time is 9-11 days in the experimental condition. The propagation property of the crosslinke polymer solution is excellent by the transfer process experimen in porousmedium.

    石油机械工程及其它
    FAILURE ANALYSIS OFWATER-JACKET HEATER
    JIANG Hong-yea YAO An-linb YIN Ping et al
    2005, 27(5):  75-77.  DOI: 10.3863/j.issn.1000-2634.2005.05.21
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    It is very important to prevent thewater-jacketheater from accidents, improve its reliability, and expand its using life for safety of oil& gas gathering and transmission. The fault tree analysis is the causality of failures from the top tree event to the bottom tree event. the analysiswas conducted from the results to the causes, from the top to the bottom. Themethod is the characteristics of simplicity, easy understanding, flexibility, an effectivemethod for reliability analysis and evaluation of engineering. All factors thatmaymake the water- jacket heater failure was analyzed in the paper, and builds a fault treewith failure of water-jacketheater as top eventwas setup. W ith the fault tree analysis, theminimum cut-set of the fault tree was obtained.With the calculation of structure significance of bottom events,theweakest factorwas found. The majorway of water-jacket heater failure was determined. And the corresponding measures were presented in paper.
    CALCULATION FOR AXIAL TEMPERATURE DROP ON BURIED CRUDE PIPELINE WITH NUMERICAL VALUE INTEGRAL METHOD
    XIE Ying YUAN Zong-ming
    2005, 27(5):  78-81.  DOI: 10.3863/j.issn.1000-2634.2005.05.22
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    The calculation method of critical temperature was discussed when the flow state of oilwas changed on buried crude pipeline. The change of flow state and flowmodel judged by critical temperature on buried crude pipeline was put forward. On the basic of the change physic parameters ofoil and general heat transmission factorwith temperature and friction generating heat.he mathematical model was established on axial temperature drop when buried crude pipelinewas running. Calculation meth-od ofmathematicalmodelwas studied. The process of calculating axial temperature drop mathematical model was presented when buried crude pipelinewas running. The resultwas close to factbetter, because the change of physic parameter of oil and general heat transmission factorwith temperature is considered in the model

    STRENGTH CALCULATION OF RING ANGLE WELDING LINE SUBJECTED TO BENDING MOMENT OR TORQUE
    DONG Shi-er WU Wei-dong DENG Xi-sheng
    2005, 27(5):  82-84.  DOI: 10.3863/j.issn.1000-2634.2005.05.24
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    There are two approximately formulas on welding connection: one is the strength calculation of ring anglewelding line in the action of bendingmoment; The other is the strength calculation of ring angle welding line in the action of torque. The derivation or the range of application of the approximately formulas in the all literatures was not given. The theory analysis on the approximately formulas, and the derivation in the paper made the range of application by accurately calculating and analyzing error of the approximately calculation was presented.
    DEVELOPMENT OF MULTISTAGE THROTTLE INTELLIGENT CONTROL DEVICE
    WANG De-yua LIU Hui-xinb MENG Ying-fengb et al
    2005, 27(5):  85-87.  DOI: 10.3863/j.issn.1000-2634.2005.05.23
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    In that the single stage throttle system is not able to satisfy the request of gas well exploration and development under the high pressure and high production condition ofTarim oil field,multistage throttlewaywas put forward. W ith the quantity of hydrodynamic throttle valve and hydrodynamic plate valve increasing, the process of kill the well with multistage throttle way is more complex. The hand control equipment is not adapt to the multistage throttle control， which is used the single stage control atpresent. It is needed to develop one kind of new multistage throttle intelligence control device, which not only can implement the multistage throttle control through the manual operation, also may join the computer to realize intelligent procedure control and the system operating mode monitor. At ast structural principle, characteristic and the test result ofhydraulic pressure operating control equipmentwere introduced, which realized union of the multistage throttle procedure control and the hand control
    石油经济管理
    VALUE ANALYSIS OF O IL FIELD EXPLORATION INVESTMENT RISK
    ZHAO Xiang-chun ZHOU Zhong-pin CHEN Wu et al.
    2005, 27(5):  88-90.  DOI: 10.3863/j.issn.1000-2634.2005.05.25
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    Oil field exploration is operated athigh cost, high risk and high return, in order to avoiding the aimless investment, after initial evaluation to the investmentscheme, bymeans of the analyzingmechanism of investment risk value, linear regression is used to determine the investment risk value coefficient, which is meaningful to accurate calculate the investment risk value

    IS—LM—SD MODEL BASED ON SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
    LIUHong-yuan SHI Shi-xin
    2005, 27(5):  91-94.  DOI: 10.3863/j.issn.1000-2634.2005.05.26
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    Sustainable development is the harmonious unity ofeconomic, social and environmentaldevelopment. Itnotonly is relevant to a nations' natural resources, but also has internal relations to such systems as national financial policy and currency policy,taking as its manifestation the balance between product market,currency market and special service market relevant to society and environment. Consequently, by means of rational application of financialpolicy and currency policy, a nation can achieve the coordinative development of society, economy and ecology.In this paper, social sustainable developmentSH curve and ecological sustainable development SE curve were merged into sustainable developmentSD curve, and further into IS—LM model，and thus reaching the conclusion that a nation can exercise financial policy and currency policy so as to regulate and affect its economic development, affect the balance of product market,currencymarket and special servicemarket, and finally realized the sustainable development of economy, society and ecology.