Abstract: Since the Third Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee first proposed to "establish a national park system", China has entered a comprehensive stage of constructing a nature reserve system with national parks at its core. National park ecological courts, as specialized judicial bodies for environmental and resource protection, play crucial roles in resolving ecological disputes, punishing environmental crimes, and promoting ecological restoration, thereby constituting an integral part of the national park system. However, existing researches provide more macro-level theoretical discussions but lack empirical analysis based on judicial precedents, failing to adequately address the localized characteristics of environmental judicial protection. Through empirical analysis of 193 judicial decisions from the Giant Panda National Park Ecological Court, this study identifies several issues in the environmental judiciary of the Giant Panda National Park, including inconsistent compensation management mechanisms, lack of typification in climate change litigation, and confusion between ecological restoration obligations and damage compensation determinations. Therefore, guided by the principle of integrated and unified environmental rule of law, this paper proposes specific recommendations such as improving compensation management systems, exploring feasible pathways for climate change-related litigation, and refining legal standards for ecological restoration responsibilities, aiming to provide theoretical support for ecological judicial protection and regional environmental governance within the Giant Panda National Park.

Key words: ecological environment, national park, regional environmental justice, environmental protection