Bioactivity of the Chemical Constituents of Astragalus acaulis Roots
〔Abstract〕 Objective：To investigate the antioxidant and analgesic activities of the chemical components of Astragalus acaulis roots. Methods： The analgesic and antioxidant activities of samples isolated from A. acaulis roots were tested by acetic acid-induced writhing test， hot water tail-flick test and 1， 1-diphenyl-2- picrylhydrazyl （DPPH） free radical scavenging test. Results： The writhing inhibition rate of 5-methoxylarch-4-O-β-D-glucoside was 78.80% in acetic acid-induced writhing in mice， while the mean pain threshold increased by 1.84 seconds in the hot water tail-flick test after the mice were given syringaresinol-4-O-β-D-glucoside for 60 minutes compared with that before administration， indicating that the compound had significant peripheral analgesic activity. In DPPH free radical scavenging experiment， larch alcohol-4-O-β-D-glucoside and 5-methoxylarch-4-O-β-D-glucoside displayed good antioxidant activity with the average IC50 values of 38.40 μg/mL and 36.53 μg/mL， respectively. Conclusion： The lignans from the roots of A. acaulis have good antioxidant and peripheral analgesic activities. The study provides experimental basis for further understanding the bioactivity of the roots of Astragalus.
Preparation and Cytotoxicity of Dextran Particles of Polypeptide from Periplaneta americana
〔Abstract〕 Objective： To study the preparation and cytotoxicity of dextran particles of polypeptide from Periplaneta americana in vitro. Methods： The dextran particles of polypeptide from Periplaneta americana were prepared by low temperature induced phase separation. The particles were observed by optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. In vitro cytotoxicity of dextran particles of polypeptide from Periplaneta americana was detected by real-time unmarked cell analysis technique and flow cytometry. Based on this， its biosafety was evaluated.Results： The dextran particles of polypeptide from Periplaneta americana were round and uniform with an average particle size of 5 μm， drug loading of 86.70% and the encapsulation rate of 66.70%. When the concentration of dextran particles of polypeptide from Periplaneta americana was 0.00， 0.05， 0.10， 0.20， 0.40 mg/mL， the survival rates of HepG2 cells were 97.76%， 86.44%， 87.20%， 83.48% and 83.23%， respectively， after being treated for 24 hours. It can be seen that the dextran particles of polypeptide from Periplaneta americana didn't display potent cytotoxicity against HepG2 cells. Conclusion： In this study， the dextran particles of polypeptide from Periplaneta americana were prepared with no obvious cytotoxicity and can be further applied to the research of powder inhalation or sustained-release microspheres.
Biomineralization Effect of Early Enamel Caries in Bovine Incisors Treated with Geranium strictipes Anti-Caries Toothpaste
〔Abstract〕 Objective：To study the biomineralization effect of Geranium strictipes anti-caries toothpaste on the enamel caries of bovine incisors. Methods：The ethyl acetate part and n-butanol part of G. strictipes extract were added into the toothpaste matrix to prepare the medicinal toothpaste of G. strictipes. The minimum inhibitory concentration （MIC） of the toothpaste against cariogenic bacteria was determined. The MIC value was used as the experimental concentration to measure the microhardness values before and after demineralization and after remineralization， and the recovery rate of microhardness of enamel surface was calculated. Scanning electron microscope was used to observe the surface morphology of bovine incisors. Results：The recovery rate of surface microhardness of the ethyl acetate fraction group and the n-butanol fraction group were （97±45.61） % and （87±40.45） %， respectively， which were significantly different from those of the deionized water group（P<0.05）. Scanning electron microscope observation showed that the enamel treated by the diluted solution of G. strictipes anti-caries toothpaste had a smooth and compact structure， with no obvious cavity on the surface， but there was a small amount of sediment. Conclusion：The G. strictipes anti-caries toothpaste can inhibit the growth of main oral cariogenic bacteria and has obvious biomineralization effect on the enamel caries of bovine incisors.
Evaluation of the Drug Utilization of Young Patients with Cerebral Ischemic Stroke in a Hospital in Dali City by DUR and DUE
〔Abstract〕 Objective： To evaluate the drug utilization and rationality of young patients with cerebral ischemic stroke in the First Affiliated Hospital of Dali University from 2018 to 2020. Methods： Drug utilization review（DUR） and drug utilization evaluation（DUE） were used to evaluate the type， frequency and rationality of drugs used by patients. Results： 61 drugs in 13 categories were applied in the treatment of 75 patients， including 48 western drugs and 13 traditional Chinese medicine injections， among which the proportion of lipid-regulating drugs was the highest， reaching 98.7%. DUR results showed that the drug utilization index（DUI） of 11 drugs was greater than 1， the DUI of 24 drugs was 1， and the DUI of 26 drugs was less than 1. Western drugs with DUI greater than 1 were mainly acid inhibitor and antihypertensive drugs， while drugs with DUI less than 1 were of a wide variety， mostly caused by dose reduction in combination drugs. DUE results showed that the monitoring rate of drug-related laboratory test indicators was low， and the main adverse reactions were gastrointestinal reactions. After drug treatment， the clinical symptoms of 74 patients were improved. Conclusion： The selection of drugs for young patients with cerebral ischemic stroke in this hospital is reasonable， but it is necessary to strengthen the management of acid inhibitor and antihypertensive drugs， and strengthen the monitoring of related laboratory indicators and adverse reactions during treatment.
Analysis of the Application of Sacubitril-Valsartan in Inpatients with Heart Failure in a Hospital
〔Abstract〕 Objective： To analyze the application of sacubitril-valsartan in inpatients with heart failure in the First Affiliated Hospital of Dali University， so as to provide a basis for clinical rational use of the drug. Methods：The hospital information system was used to collect the basic information of inpatients who used sacubitril-valsartan from June to December 2020， and the application of the drug was retrospectively analyzed. Results： A total of 213 patients with indications were enrolled， and 42 cases had relative drug contraindications. The initial dose or frequency were unreasonable in 49 cases， and the target dose was not up to standard in 173 cases. There were 93 cases treated with ACEI or ARB converted to the application of sacubitril-valsartan， and 28 cases were not properly converted. Compared to the situation before treatment， the cardiac function of patients without relative contraindications improved significantly， while the renal function of patients with relative contraindications improved obviously. 49 cases had adverse drug reaction. Conclusion： There are some unreasonable situations in the use of sacubitril-valsartan in patients with heart failure in this hospital， such as relative medication contraindications， low initial dose， low rate of target dose reaches to standard， and inappropriate drug timing of drug conversion. It is suggested that medical institutions should standardize the clinical application of the drug.
Analysis of Utilization of Antitumor Drug in 172 Patients with Lung Cancer in a Hospital
〔Abstract〕 Objective： To analyze the utilization of antitumor drug in patients with lung cancer in the First Affiliated Hospital of Dali University and evaluate the rationality of drug use. Methods： A total of 172 inpatients diagnosed with advanced lung cancer in this hospital in 2020 were selected as the research objects to retrospectively analyze the rationality of the therapeutic regimen and medication safety for lung cancer patients. Results： The therapeutic regimens for patients with lung cancer were reasonable， and most of them were platinum-containing dual-drug regimen. Irrational drug use mainly focused on the process of drug use， including inappropriate usage and dosage， inappropriate pretreatment and off-label drug use. The main adverse reaction after drug treatment was myelosuppression. Conclusion： There are still irrational situations in the chemotherapy process for the patients with lung cancer. Medical institutions should pay attention to the rationality evaluation of antitumor drug， and further promote the standardized and rational use of drugs in clinical practice.
Regulation of MiR-155 on THP-1 Macrophage Inflammatory Response Based on NLRP3 Pathway
〔Abstract〕 Objective：To investigate the regulatory effect of miR-155 on lipopolysaccharide （LPS）-induced inflammatory response of THP-1 macrophages based on the nucleotide binding oligomerized domain-like receptor 3 （NLRP3） inflammasome pathway.Method： The LPS-induced inflammatory model of THP-1 macrophages was constructed， the cells were divided into blank control group， LPS group, miR-155 overexpression group and miR-155 negative control group, and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction detected the expression changes of interleukin 1β （IL-1β）, tumor necrosis factor α （TNF-α） and NLRP3. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay measures the secretion levels of IL-1β and TNF-α; Western blot detection of NLRP3 and cysteine-containing aspartate proteolytic enzyme-1 （Caspase-1）. Results：LPS induced the expression of inflammatory cytokines， NLRP3 and miR-155 in cells； overexpression of miR-155 further promoted the expression of inflammatory cytokines， NLRP3 and Caspase-1 proteins.Conclusion：MiR-155 promotes the LPS induced THP-1 macrophage inflammatory response by activating its potential target NLRP3.
Moleecular Mechanism of K562 Senescence in Chronic Myeloigenous Leukemia Cells Induced by Targeting of P16INK4a Protein by Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells
〔Abstract〕 Objective： To explore the mechanism of mouse bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell（BMMSC） inducing K562 cells aging through p16INK4a protein. Methods：Mesenchymal stem cells were isolated and purified from mouse bone marrow. The changes of the K562 cell cycle were detected and the surface markers were identified by flow cytometry. The ability of adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation was identified by oil red O and alizarin red staining. The proliferation of K562 cells was detected by CCK-8 method. The senescence of K562 cells was detected by SA-β-Gal staining. The expression of p16INK4a protein was detected by Western blot. Results： BMMSC showed fibroblast-like adherent growth， with low expression of hematopoietic stem cell marker CD45 and high expression of stem cell surface markers CD29 and CD44 ， which had osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation ability. BMMSC could inhibit the proliferation of K562 cells， block K562 cell cycle in G0/G1 phase， and improve SA-β-Gal activity and p16INK4a protein expression. Conclusion： BMMSC can induce the senescence of K562 cells by up-regulating the level of p16INK4a protein.
Correlation Analysis of UCP1 Gene -3826 A > G Locus Polymorphism and Body Mass Index in College Students
〔Abstract〕 Objective： To explore the relationship between the UCP1 gene -3826 A>G locus polymorphism and body mass index （BMI） in college students. Methods： 308 college students were randomly selected， and the genomic DNA were extracted from exfoliated cells of oral mucosa. The height and body weight of the subjects were recorded. The polymorphism of UCP1 gene -3826 A >G locus was detected by KASP technology. The genotype frequencies， allele frequencies and the relationship between different genotypes and BMI were statistically analyzed. Results： Among the 308 subjects， including 96 cases（31.2%） were male and 212 cases（68.8%） were female， 64 cases （20.8%） were AA genotype （wild type）， 216 cases （70.1%） were AG genotype （heterozygous variant）， and 28 cases（9.1%） were GG genotype（homozygous variant）. There was no statistical significance in the composition ratio of genotypes between different genders. The mutation frequency of UCP1 gene -3836 A>G locus increased with the increase of BMI， and the difference was statistically significant （P<0.05）； the risk assessment showed that the GG genotype increased the risk of body weight increase by 3.875 times compared with the normal group. Conclusion： The results indicated that the UCP1 gene-3826 A>G locus polymorphism was associated with the BMI， the homozygous variant at this locus will increase the risk of body weight increase.
Establishment and Evaluation of Clinical Prognostic Model of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Based on Pyroptosis-Related Genes
〔Abstract〕 Objective： To explore the pyroptosis-related genes（PRGs） that are closely related to the prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma（HCC）， and construct a corresponding prognostic risk model to evaluate the survival and prognosis of HCC patients. Methods： The transcriptome data and clinical data of HCC were downloaded from TCGA database， and the differentially expressed PRGs were screened out. COX analysis was used to determine the PRGs related to the prognosis of HCC and construct a prognostic risk score model， while K-M survival curve， receiver operator characteristic curve（ROC curve） and nomogram were plotted to analyze and verify the accuracy of the model and its prognostic value. Results： 58 differentially expressed PRGs were screened. GO function enrichment analysis showed that these genes were involved in pyroptosis， and KEGG signal pathway analysis showed that these genes were mainly enriched in non-alcohdic fatty liver disease and Toll-like receptor signal pathways. Eight PRGs significantly related to the prognosis of HCC were identified by COX analysis， and a prognostic risk score model was constructed. ROC curve showed that the area under the curve value of this risk score was 0.802， which was higher than other clinical data and could be as an independent prognostic factor. Conclusion： The prognostic risk model constructed by 8 PRGs can effectively predict the prognosis of patients with HCC.
Construction of the Gene Expression Subgroups in Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus by Bioinformatics
〔Abstract〕 Objective：To construct the gene expression subgroups in systemic lupus erythematosus by bioinformatics. Methods： The microarray data sets of GSE121239， GSE65391 and GSE154851 were downloaded from GEO database. R software was used to eliminate batch processing effect， cluster consensus grouping and analyze clinical characteristics. PPI network map of proteins expressed by specific genes was constructed by using the STRING website； genes corresponding to pivotal genes were screened， followed by GO analysis and KEGG signal pathway analysis. Results： 1 254 SLE samples and healthy control samples were obtained. PPI network analysis showed that the proteins with the wost nodes were STAT3， TLR4， BRIX1 and TLR2. KEGG pathway enrichment analysis showed that differentially expressed genes were significantly enriched in natural killer cell-mediated cytotoxicity， ribosome， mitophagy， apoptosis， platelet activation， hematopoietic cell lineage， osteoclast differentiation， influenza A and other aspects. Conclusion： Systemic lupus erythematosus patients were divided into 3 gene subgroups， which can provide a potential basis for the diagnosis， classification and individualized treatment of the disease.
Ａnalysis of S100P Gene Expression and Clinical Significance in Breast Cancer Based on Bioinformatics
〔Abstract〕 Objective： To investigate the expression and clinical significance of S100P gene in breast cancer. Methods：A variety of online bioinformatics databases were used to analyze the molecular expression， regulatory network and prognostic value of S100P. Results：The expression level of S100P gene in breast cancer was significantly higher than that in normal tissues （P<0.05）. S100P expression was correlated with lymph node metastasis in breast cancer （P<0.05）， and high expression level was associated with poor prognosis （P<0.001）. S100P was mainly involved in biological processes such as glycosylation and granulocyte activation， and was related to proteasome， IL-17 and other signal pathways. Conclusion：High expression of S100P in breast cancer is a potential target for diagnosis， treatment and prognosis of breast cancer.
Research Progress on the Relationship between Lysyl Oxidase （LOX） Family Proteins and Gastric Cancer
〔Abstract〕 The lysyl oxidase（LOX） family consists of LOX and 4 types of LOX-like proteins（LOXL1-4）， and it mainly acts on the remodeling of the extracellular matrix and cross-linking of collagen and elastin. Gastric cancer is one of the digestive system cancers with high incidence in developing countries， and its mortality rate is the third place among all cancers. More and more studies have shown that the LOX family proteins are closely related to the regulation of gastric cancer cell proliferation， migration， invasion and metastasis. This article reviews the relationship between each member of LOX family and the occurrence and development of gastric cancer， with a view to finding specific inhibitors of LOX family protein members that can be used in the treatment of gastric cancer.
Study on the Safe Depth of Acupuncture at the Xinshu Acupoints Based on Imaging Anatomy
〔Abstract〕 Objective： To measure the dangerous depth of acupuncture and evaluate the safe depth of acupuncture on the basis of analyzing the anatomical structure of Xinshu acupoints and the level of needle insertion using magnetic resonance imaging. To provide a basis for the acupuncture safety of Xinshu acupoints， and a reference for the clinical application of Xinshu acupoints. Methods： The horizontal cross-sectional images of Xinshu acupoints in 60 healthy adult volunteers were collected by magnetic resonance imaging scanner. The anatomical structure was analyzed. The dangerous depth of vertical puncture was measured， and the safe depth was evaluated by the dangerous depth. Results：The average dangerous depth values of left and right Xinshu acupoints were（3.52±0.58） cm and（3.42±0.63） cm respectively， and there was no significant difference in the dangerous depth values of left and right Xinshu acupoints. The dangerous depth value of males was significantly greater than that of females， and it was related to body shape. Conclusion： The safe depth of Xinshu acupoints is about 3.0 cm for people with normal body size and overweight， and about 2.2 cm for those with underweight. The conventional acupuncture depth of Xinshu acupoints is 0.5-0.8 cun （about 1.5-2.0 cm）， which has high safety. The safe depth should not be exceed in clinical operation to avoid accidents.
Clinical Study of Accurate Evaluation of Acupuncture for Ophthalmoplegia Patients Based on Infrared Eye Tracker
〔Abstract〕 Objective： To use the infrared eye tracker to record the eye movement trajectory of patients with ophthalmoplegia， and to objectively evaluate the clinical efficacy of acupuncture in the treatment of patients with ophthalmoplegia. Methods： Thirty patients with ophthalmoplegia who met the inclusion criteria were randomly divided into a treatment group and an observation group. The treatment group was given acupuncture， and the observation group was given eye movement rehabilitation training. The observation indexes and the rehabilitation score of the two groups of patients before and after treatment were compared. Results： After acupuncture treatment or eye movement training， the eye movement range， speed and time of ophthalmoplegia patients were improved. The rehabilitation scores of each observation index in the treatment group were significantly higher than those in the observation group， and the differences were statistically significant（P<0.05）. Conclusion： Acupuncture therapy has more obvious acute effects than eye movement rehabilitation training in the treatment of ophthalmoplegia patients.
Analysis of Monitoring Results of 711 Infants with Birth Defects in Yunyan District of Guiyang City
〔Abstract〕 Objective： To analyze the occurrence of birth defects in Yunyan district of Guiyang city from 2017 to 2019 and analyze the relevant influencing factors， so as to provide a basis for government departments to carry out the prevention and control of birth defects. Methods： Based on the "China Birth Defect Hospital Monitoring Program" as the standard and the hospital as the statistical unit， the 20-week of gestation to 7 days after delivery from January 1， 2017 to December 31， 2019 in midwifery institutions in Yunyan district， Guiyang city birth defects were monitored. Results： A total of 22 693 fetuses were monitored from 2017 to 2019， among which 711 were born with birth defects， and the incidence rate of birth defects was 313.31‱. There was no significant difference in the incidence rate of birth defects between different years（P>0.05）. The total incidence rate of birth defects in female infants was 137.49‱， and the total incidence rate of birth defects in male infants was 175.83‱. The incidence rate of male infants was significantly higher than that of female infants， and the difference was statistically significant（P<0.05）. The top 5 defect types in 3 years were congenital heart disease （84.17‱）， external ear deformity （47.15‱）， polydactyly （toe） （25.56‱）， cleft lip and palate （23.80‱）， Down syndrome （14.10‱）， in which the incidence of congenital heart disease increased year by year（P<0.05）. Birth defects were mainly diagnosed based on clinical diagnosis and ultrasound diagnosis， and the diagnosis time was the highest within 7 days after birth， reaching 59.77%. The total live birth rate of defective infants was 77.22%. Conclusion： From 2017 to 2019， the incidence rate of birth defects in Yunyan district of Guiyang city generally showed a trend of increasing first and then decreasing， among which congenital heart disease and external ear deformity were the most common types of defects. Therefore， there is an urgent need to improve the maternal and child health services in Guiyang city， strengthen prenatal screening and monitoring， and increase the detection rate of birth defects in order to evaluate the status of the birth population and better formulate solutions to improve the quality of the population.
Evaluation Value of NLR in the Diagnosis and Prognosis of Sepsis
〔Abstract〕 Objective： To investigate the value of neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio（NLR） in the diagnosis and prognosis of sepsis.Methods： The general and laboratory data of 50 physical examiners（healthy control group）， 50 non-septic patients（case control group） and 78 sepsis patients（sepsis group） were collected in the First Affiliated Hospital of Dali University. To evaluate the diagnostic value and prognostic value of NLR for sepsis， the correlation between NLR and sequential organ failure assessment （SOFA） score and procalcitonin（PCT） was analyzed， and the best prediction threshold of NLR for 28-day mortality rate and patient prognostic risk factors in the patients with sepsis were screened. Results： The NLR level in the sepsis group was significantly higher than that in the healthy control group and the case control group， and the NLR level of the dead patients was significantly higher than that of the surviving patients in the sepsis group， and the differences were statistically significant（P<0.01）. The area of NLR under ROC curve for diagnosis and prognosis of sepsis was 0.81 and 0.75， respectively， and was positively correlated with SOFA score and PCT（P<0.001）. The 28-day mortality rate of sepsis patients with NLR≥9.00 was significantly higher（P<0.001）. The OR value of NLR in the multiple Logistic regression analysis was 1.128， and the OR value was still greater than 1 after adjustment for confounding factors. Conclusion：NLR has a good diagnostic efficacy for sepsis and has a certain value in predicting the 28-day mortality rate of patients.
An Exploration on the Buddhist Manuscript Tongyongqiqingyigui of Dali Kingdom
Huang Huang
The manuscript Tongyongqiqingyigui 通用启请仪轨 was an Esoteric Buddhist ritual text compiled in the period of Dali Kingdom， of which the contexts transcribed in Chinese were derived from large numbers of Esoteric Buddhist texts from Tang while referring to several sutras translated in Song dynasty. The mantras recorded with Chinese characters in the manuscript， compared with relative texts from Tang， were merely different ways of transliteration on same Sanskrit mantras. The compilation of the manuscript not only reflected the attribute of versatility itself， but also mirrored that Esoteric Buddhism in Dali Kingdom was stemmed mainly from Esoteric Buddhism in Han region since Tang.
In more than 40 years' practice of Chinese ecological institution construction， a series of major policies and innovative measures have achieved tremendous achievements that have attracted worldwide attention， which has written a glorious chapter in the history of ecological civilization construction. In terms of phased strategic objectives and key tasks， it can be divided into five phases that are not only relatively independent of each other， but also successively and closely related. During the past over 40 years， the inspirations from the development track of the construction in ecological civilization institution lie in the following： Party's central collective leadership has been consistently promoting the construction of the ecological civilization institution since the reform and opening up， adhering to the integration of the basic principles of the Marxist ecological civilization theory and China's fundamental realities， guiding the fundamental goal of institutional improvement with the ideal of harmonious coexistence between man and nature， invariably following the laws of natural ecological development to design and innovate the ecological civilization institutions， insisting on the positive interaction and synergistic integration between the construction of the ecological civilization institution and that of other institutions.
〔Abstract〕 The access standard of FinTech "regulatory sandbox" testing project is the condition and qualification requirements for the box formal test of relevant projects reviewed by the regulatory authority. On the basis of learning from the relevant institutional experience of the UK， Australia and Singapore， China should formulate the basic qualification conditions for test project access， and design the "innovative" access evaluation rules with the dual system norms of enumeration and generalization， strictly control the test project risk in the access stage， and establish the testing consumer rights and interests protection rules in advance， which will construct a scientific and reasonable "regulatory sandbox" test project access standard rule system for China.
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