Table of Content

15 May 2017, Volume 2 Issue 5

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tóu and shǒu (＂head＂): On the History and Status Quo of Chinese Basic Vocabulary Items

Wang Weihui

2017, 2(5):  1. 

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This paper aims to give a description of the diachronic development and synchronic distribution of tóu and shǒu (viz.＂head＂ in the Swadesh lists) in Chinese. The description mainly deals with the sounds, forms, meanings and parts of speech of a couple of corresponding core items and their syntagmatic features, as well as paradigmatic relations, historical development and dialectal distributions of the members of related semantic field, followed by a brief summary. It is argued that, for the meaning of＂head＂, two replacements has taken place in the history of Chinese: yuán“( 元”) by shǒu“( 首”) and, in turn, shǒu by tóu“( 头”). The former replacement was completed by the early Old Chinese period, while the latter one around late West Han Dynasty. In modern Chinese dialects, there are mainly two groups of items centering around tóu and nǎo“( 脑”) for the meaning of＂head＂. It is found out that among about over a half dialectal points, tóu is used, covering the ten dialectal areas. Of the group centering around nǎo, nǎo ké“( 脑 壳”) and nǎo dài (guā / guā zi)“( 脑袋”(瓜/瓜子) are most widely used, then followed by nǎo. However, the single item shǒu is not found in use in all the areas, and is even rarely used in disyllabic items as a morphological remnant. Such a change is identified as representing one of the typical patterns of the historical development of Chinese basic vocabulary items, i.e., old items are completely replaced by new ones, practically in a one-to-one way. It is the author's proposal that the replacement of shǒu by tóu is probably motivated by homonymic competition, and the rise of the nǎo-based group is relatively late, even though nǎo already meant＂head＂as early as West Han Dynasty. It is argued that although many multi-syllabic items of the group come into use since the Jin-Yuan Dynasties, there is a tendency that they are gradually replacing tóu.

 A Summary of Water Conservancy Steles in Dali City

Zhao Zhihong, Yu Liping

2017, 2(5):  11. 

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 According to the literature, there are 17 water conservancy stone steles in Dali City, among which 5 pieces are from the
Ming Dynasty, 11 pieces are from the Qing Dynasty, and 1 piece is from the Republic of Chinese. These steles are valuable first-hand
historical materials for the study of water conservancy history, social history and cultural history in Dali area. Through collection,
collation, interpretation, and investigation, this essay elaborates the types, characteristics and values of these steles.

 An Exploration and Practice of National Traditional Culture Protection Areas
——A Case Study of Huanzhou Big Village in Wuding County, Yunnan Province

Li Ran, Li Xingjun

2017, 2(5):  16. 

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 The national traditional culture protection area is an effective model for the protection of intangible cultural heritages and
traditional villages in Yunnan province. Huanzhou big village is a typical case in Yunnan province for the establishment of national
traditional culture protection area in poor mountainous areas. According to the survey, establishing national traditional cultural
protection areas in poor mountainous areas is often faced with difficulties such as damaged village appearance, dirty, disorderly and
bad environment, serious aging of the population, and monotonous means of livelihood, etc. Therefore, in order to establish a national
culture reserve in such poor mountainous areas, the author thinks that attention should be paid to the following four aspects: respecting
the wishes of the villagers, which is the basis of success; improving the means of livelihood, which is the premise of success; perfecting
the implementation plan of the program and clarifying ideas, tasks and goals of the construction practice, which is the guarantee of
success; and adhering to the principle that the program is "conducted by villagers, guided by experts and led by the government",
which is the key to success.

 A Study on the Relationship between Mongolian Ethnicity and Religion from the Perspective of
Ethnic Religious Studies

Zhang Yujiao

2017, 2(5):  22. 

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 Mongolian descent, national unity, the establishment of nation- state and the formation of national culture cannot be
separated from the participation of religion. Mongolian natural worship, soul concept, ancestral worship, shamanism, Lamaism and
other religious ideas are accompanied by the formation and development of the Mongolian group. The Mongolian ethnic and religious
interaction is an important part of ethnic religious theory study.

 Research on the Countermeasures to Improve the Agricultural Social Service System in Anhui Province

Liu Mingjuan

2017, 2(5):  27. 

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In recent years, with the gradual deepening of the rural reform, the agricultural social service system in Anhui province has achieved great achievements. At the same time, there are still many problems, for example, the agricultural service organizations are
not perfect, the capital investment in agriculture is deficient, the service supply and demand cannot be well balanced, and the financial
support is not enough, etc. Therefore, it is suggested that the agricultural social service system be improved comprehensively through
the following measures such as increasing government supports, fostering the service subjects, developing social service which is
compatible with the agricultural development, building a comprehensive social service platform, and constructing sound financial
systems in rural areas. 

 A Study on the Reform of Procedural Tax System in the Process of Chinese Tax Modernization

Wang Li

2017, 2(5):  31. 

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 Tax modernization is the inevitable requirement and reflection of the national economic and social modernization in
taxation work. In the process of tax modernization after Chinese reform and opening-up, the modernization of the tax system is the
prerequisite and basis for the realization of goals in tax modernization, but the modernization of the tax system cannot be separated from
the protection of the modern procedural tax system. It is showed that the construction of procedural tax system in China has been
progressing rapidly ever since the reform and opening-up, but it is still falling behind the demands of modern market economy,
democratic legal system and social co-governance. It is suggested as follows: through in-depth tax administration, the procedural tax
system should be reformed, from near-term system improvement to long-term system planning, to match the nation's process in
achieving Two Centenary Goals and China Dream, as well as the modernization of governance system and administrative capacity.

 A Multidimensional Study on Tourism Supply-side Structural Reform

Zhou Xiaodong

2017, 2(5):  39. 

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Tourism supply-side structural reform is a necessary stage in optimizing tourism industrial structure and an important
measure of activating the tourism market under the China's New normal. It is also an active adjustment to realize the healthy and
sustainable development of tourism industry. Based on the problems and contradictions existing in the tourism supply-side structural
reform, this paper makes a multidimensional analysis of tourism supply-side structural reform from the starting point, essential point,
key point and main focus and tries to seek a break-through route and direction of tourism supply-side structural reform, so as to
promote the studies on tourism supply-side structural reform.

 Su Zhuchuang, A Famous Gentle and Refreshing Bai Poetess in Qing Dynasty

Zhou Jinguo

2017, 2(5):  45. 

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In mid-Qing dynasty, in Zhao District of Dali prefecture（now Mi Du county）, there came a family, the Gongs, which was
famous for writing poetry. In the Gongs, Su Zhuchuang, the wife of Gong Xirui had created numbers of Chinese modern-style poems
which had outstanding accomplishment and showedgreat master's charm. By reviewing Su's life experiences and discussing about her
retained poems, this paper is to uncover the sentimental narrations and the refreshing lyrical expressions of the landscape in her poetry.

 The Distribution of "Aspects" in Woni Dialect of Hani Language and the Typological Characteristics

Yang Yan, Guo Huajun

2017, 2(5):  51. 

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 There are some grammatical devices to express aspect category in Woni dialect of the Hani language. Some aspect
markersresult from grammaticalization of verbs, and some result from particles. This is conformed to the origins of aspect markers of
other analytical languages. However, the extent of grammaticalization of these aspect markers in Woni dialect is quiet different. Some
are with a higher extent of grammaticalization, and it is difficult to find their origins; some are still keeping the features of content
words. This indicates not only the evolution characteristics of languages, but also analytic evolution process of Woni dialect. In
languages of Tibeto-Burman Group, the ways that "aspects" are constructed, features of word order and the origins of aspect markers
are presenting typological characteristics.

 "Life Force" in Marxist Context and the Practice of Socialism with Chinese Characteristics

Wu Daqing

2017, 2(5):  58. 

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The development of "life force" is the ultimate driving force behind human development, and also the fundamental goal of
social development. The life force of human beings requires the unity of the life existence and its force, unity of survival and
development, unity of individual life and social life, and finally is the unity of social organism and natural inorganic body. Socialism
with Chinese characteristics ultimately emancipates the life force of the people so that it wins the incomparable historic legitimacy and
superiority.

 A Review of the Ideological and Political Education Discipline Construction of Zhang Yaocan

Jian Ruili, Hu Chun

2017, 2(5):  64. 

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The construction of Ideological and Political Education Discipline has always been a key point in the research of Professor
Zhang Yaocan. His research results in Ideological and Political Education have a great effect in this field. But his important academic
views scatter in a number of books and academic papers. Gathering the relevant research literatures comprehensively and reviewing
and summarizing his theory viewpoint and academic ideas from nine aspects from the construction of ideological and political education
discipline for the first time will provide some reference to this profession and the discipline. 

 The New Political Development in Vietnam after the 12th Congress of the CPV

Zhao Weihua, Jin Dongli

2017, 2(5):  69. 

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 The 12th congress of the CPV is an epoch-making meeting in the process of political innovation in Vietnam. With Nguyen
Phuc Trong's power status being consolidated after the congress, the trend of the power transfer from the upper class to the grass roots
has been reversed and the political winds gradually turn left. Three changes has taken place, i.e. the recovery of the preparatory
meeting institution before formal meeting, the start of confidence vote for senior political leaders and the control of the numbers of the
self-nominated candidates. Two reasons could explain the above changes, the one is the internal power competition in the CPV and the
other is the CPV's concerns about peaceful evolution and color revolution. The above changes, on the one hand, have a profound impact
on the domestic political structure in Vietnam, and on the other hand, have an important influence on Sino-Vietnam relations and
China's interests. Therefore, China must pay full attention to the changes and take precautions.

 A Study on Abstraction and Embodiment of Collective Land Property Rights

Wang Tingyong, Cheng Jingqi, Lu Ling

2017, 2(5):  74. 

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 Collective land rights are the unity of abstractness and concreteness. The abstractness of the land ownership and the
embodiment of the land use right is a basic trend in the evolution of the collective land property rights. Land system in the future
legislation should accurately grasp and understand this important feature in future advancement. Especially in accelerating the
separation of the collective land property rights, the abstract collective land ownership should be clarified as collective land ownership
in legal sense, and the embodied collective land use rights should be cleared regulated as collective land use right in economic sense,
which could continuously strengthen the farmers' land property rights and properly handle land development rights and interests of the
state, the collective and the farmers, in order to avoid the risk of accelerating segregation of collective land property rights.

 The Educational Implication of Genealogy

Hu Shaoming

2017, 2(5):  79. 

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 The genealogy is an important heritage of traditional Chinese culture. With blood lineage as a link, genealogy constructed
a family educational atmosphere, in which "I" could overcome loneliness and fear. In the new era, the educational implication of
genealogy is based on the virtues and integrity. During this process, dross of feudal ethics must be rejected and the limits of "small
family" blood lineage must be crossed in order to build a trustful society.

 On Xia Mianzun's Chinese Reading Education Thoughts

Ji Anqing

2017, 2(5):  84. 

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 Reading plays a decisive role in a person's knowledge structure, spiritual growth and life scene. During the period of the
Republic of China, the arguments about Chinese reading education was very hot because of the transition from classical Chinese to
vernacular Chinese, traditional education to modern education. Hotly debated issues were whether to read in classical Chinese or
vernacular Chinese? To study application text or literary works? To read silently or out aloud? and so on. Xia Mianzun not only had
deep and high-level thoughts on these questions, but also formed his own Chinese reading education theories, such as reading both
Chinese and western books, adapting ancient forms for present-day use, realizing life fusion, developing ability, multiplex symbiosis,
and reading between the lines, etc. He has left precious spiritual wealth for the modern Chinese reading education.

 A Review of Idiom Comprehension by Atypical Children

Zhang Jingyu，Ma Lijun，Zhang Jijia

2017, 2(5):  95. 

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Idioms, one of figurative speeches, are special in semantic structure. The acquisition of idiom comprehension is based on a
number of abilities, such as cognitive, linguistic, and pragmatic competence. Thus, comprehending figurative language usually causes
particular difficulties for young children and atypical children. The reason comes from the lack of abilities in semantic analysis and
inference form context, which are rooted from theory of mind and executive control function. The rare researches show that the failure in
processing the linguistic context in which the idiom is embedded is the main reason for children can't assess the idioms' meaning.

 An Exploration of the Totems of Zhou Tribes with the Surname Ji and its Marriage

Fu Xiliang

2017, 2(5):  103. 

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The surname Ji is the family name of both the rulers of Zhou Dynasty in Chinese history and the ancestor of Huaxia — the
Yellow Emperor. Inspecting the tribal totems of Zhou Tribes with the surname Ji is of great importance to get to know the origin of Zhou
Tribes, the early Zhou history and Huaxia formation history. With respect to the tribal totems of Zhou Tribes with the surname Ji,
predecessors put forward quite many views that include bears, turtles, millet and earthworms etc. which are sort of reasonable but
contain huge one-sidedness. Starting from the auspicious sign during Emperor Wu of Dynasty's crusade that is claimed by Zhou
Dynasty, this paper ascertains that the tribal totem of Zhou Tribes with the surname Ji is a kind of red bird-Chiwu, also known as
Yuezhuo. Judged from the document like <The Book of songs·Daya·Shengmin>, the tribal totem which has marriage link with Zhou
Tribes with the surname Ji are cattle, sheep, snakes and fish.

 Chinese Characters in Korean and Related Problems

Peng Zerun, Li Xingjian

2017, 2(5):  110. 

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The language of writing and writing records is evolving from the old to the new. Although it is impossible to go against the
law of changes, it is still an inexorable law of cultural heritage that the language would leave its trail in use and form the a diversified
situation in which branches coexists with the mainstream.