Table of Content

15 August 2023, Volume 8 Issue 8

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Study on Chemical Constituents of the Root of Agapetes lacei var. tomentella

Li Jing, Ling Haowei, Shi Kaixuan, Liu Rong, Xiao Chaojiang, Jiang Bei,

2023, 8(8):  1-5. 

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Objective： To study the chemical constituents of the dried root of Agapetes lacei var. tomentella. Methods： Silica gel column chromatography and thin layer chromatography were used to isolate and purify the ethyl acetate fraction of the 75% ethanol extract of the root of A. lacei var. tomentella， and the chemical structures of the compounds were identified based on physicochemical properties and modern spectroscopic techniques. Results： Ten compounds were isolated from the ethyl acetate fraction of the 75% ethanol extract of the root of A. lacei var. tomentella and identified as 3α，23-O-isopropylidenyl-2α，19α-dihydroxyurs-12-en-28-oic acid（1）， 3β， 23-O-isopropylidenyl-2α，3β，23-trihydroxyolean-12-en-28-oic acid（2）， 2α，3α，19α，23-tetrahydroxyurs-12-en-28-oic acid（3）， 2α，3β，23-trihydroxyolean-12-en-28-oic acid（4）， 3β-acetoxy ursolic acid（5）， ursolic acid（6）， β-sitosterol（7）， 5α，6β-dihydroxysitosterol（8）， daucosterol（9）， and 4-hydroxybutanoic acid（10）. Conclusion： All the compounds were isolated from A. lacei var. tomentella for the first time， except for compounds 7 and 9， the other compounds were first isolated from genus Agapetes.

Study on Chemical Constituents of Gentiana nanobella

Ling Haowei, Li Jing, Shi Kaixuan, Liu Rong, Xiao Chaojiang, Jiang Bei,

2023, 8(8):  6-10. 

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Objective： To study the chemical constituents of the dried whole-plant of Gentiana nanobella. Methods： Silica gel column chromatography and gel permeation chromatography were used to isolate and purify the ethyl acetate fraction of the 75% ethanol extract of the dried whole-plant of G. nanobella. The isolated compounds were identified by physicochemical properties and modern spectroscopic techniques. Results： Eight compounds were isolated from the ethyl acetate fraction of the 75% ethanol extract of the dried whole-plant of G. nanobella and identified as uvaol（1）， ursolic acid（2）， 1β，2α，3α，24-tetrahydroxyurs-12-en-28-oic acid（3）， maslinic acid（4）， uncargenin C（5）， 2α，3α，24-trihydrxyolean-12-en-28-oic acid（6）， daucosterol（7）， and （7'Z，10'Z，13'Z）-hexadecatrienoic acid monoglyceride（8）. Conclusion： All the compounds were isolated from G. nanobella for the first time， among which uncargenin C（5） and （7'Z，10'Z，13'Z）-hexadecatrienoic acid monoglyceride（8） were first isolated from genus Gentiana.

Study on Chemical Constituents of Leptodermis pilosa

Shi Kaixuan, Li Jing, Ling Haowei, Liu Rong, Xiao Chaojiang, Jiang Bei,

2023, 8(8):  11-14. 

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Objective： To study the chemical constituents of the whole-plant of Leptodermis pilosa. Methods： Silica gel， MCI， and Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography were used to isolate and purify the chemical constituents of L. pilosa. The structures were identified based on physicochemical properties and modern spectroscopic analysis techniques. Results： Eight compounds were isolated from the ethyl acetate fraction of the 75% ethanol extract of the whole-plant of L. pilosa and identified as oleanolic acid（1）， 2?琢 -hydroxyloleanolic acid（2）， arjungenin（3）， scopoletin（4）， methyl caffeate（5）， syringic acid（6）， salicylic acid（7）， and daucosterol（8）. Conclusion： All the compounds were isolated from L. pilosa for the first time， and compounds 2-7 were first isolated from genus Leptodermis.

Synthesis of L-5-Hydroxytryptophan Derivatives

Qin Zikang, Guo Haihui, Shan Fang, Wu Lei, Wang Fusheng

2023, 8(8):  15-20. 

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Objective： To broaden the categories of tryptophan derivatives for the synthesis of monothylindole alkaloids. Methods： Using commercially available L-5-hydroxytryptophan as raw material， L-5-hydroxytryptophan derivatives were synthesized through carboxyl esterification， amino Boc protection， ester ammonolysis， acetylation or methylation of hydroxyl and deprotection of Boc. Results： Secen L-5-hydroxytryptophan derivatives were efficiently synthesized， namely L-5-hydroxytryptophan formamide（1）， L-5-hydroxytryptophan acetamide（2）， L-5-hydroxytryptophan propionamide（3）， L-5-acetoxytryptophan methyl ester（4）， L-5-acetoxytryptophan formamide（5）， L-5-methoxytryptophan methyl ester（6） and L-5-methoxytryptophan formamide（7）， respectively. Compounds 4， 5 and 7 were new derivatives， and the structures of all derivatives were confirmed by spectroscopic methods. Conclusion： The synthesis method has the characteristics of simple operation， mild reaction condition and high total yield， which is suitable for industrial production.

Synthesis of Gentiournoside D Amide Derivatives

Shan Fang, Guo Haihui, Qin Zikang, Li Chunxu, Wang Fusheng

2023, 8(8):  21-24. 

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Objective： To explore the medicinal potential of Gentiournoside D， the structural modification of Gentiournoside D was carried out. Methods： Using natural Gentiournoside D as raw material， the fully acetylated Gentiournoside D（1） was obtained by acetylation. Compound 1 was activated by Ｎ，Ｎ'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide， catalyzed by 4-dimethylaminopyridine， and condensed with amine compounds. Results： Four  Gentiournoside D amide derivatives were efficiently synthesized， namely 2'，3'，4'，6'-tetraacetylated Gentiournoside D formamide（2）， 2'，3'，4'，6'-tetraacetylated Gentiournoside D acetamide（3）， 2'，3'，4'，6'-tetraacetylated Gentiournoside D dimethylamide（4） and 2'，3'，4'，6'-tetraacetylated Gentiournoside D benzylamide（5）.  Compounds 1-5 were new derivatives， and the structures of all derivatives were confirmed by spectroscopic methods. Conclusion： The synthesis method has simple operation， mild reaction conditions， high total yield and good reproducibility.

Optimization of Ｓelective Ester Hydrolysis Conditions for Depresteroside

Lai Yuxia, Guo Haihui, Qin Zikang, Shan Fang, Wang Fusheng

2023, 8(8):  25-29. 

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Objective： To efficiently obtain the compounds Secologanolyl-7-loganate（2）， Loganinic acid（3） and Demethyl-secologanol（4） from Depresteroside（1）， the hydrolysis conditions were investigated and optimized. Methods： The effects of alkali type and dosage， reaction temperature， reaction time and alkali concentration on the yield of hydrolyzed products 2， 3 and 4 of 1 were investigated by single factor method. Results： When 3.3 equivalent 0.10 mol/L Na2CO3 solution was heated at 45 ℃ for 12 hours， only compound 2 was produced， and the yield reached 87.2%. Compounds 3 and 4 can be completely synthesized by using 7.6 equivalent 0.10 mol/L NaOH solution at 45 ℃ for 13 hours with yields of 89.0% and 90.8%， respectively. Conclusion： The optimized hydrolysis conditions can obviously improve the yield of 2， 3 and 4.

Chemical Composition Analysis and Multicomponent Content Determination of Extracts of Periplaneta americana from Different Breeding Plants

Lu Xixing, Zhu Ling, Wu Hao, Zhang Chenggui, Yang Yongshou, Chen Zhipeng, Liu Heng,

2023, 8(8):  30-38. 

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Objective： To investigate the chemical constituents and contents of Periplaneta americana extract PA. Methods： The colorimetric method was used to identify the major components in P. americana extract PA. The contents of polypeptides， amino acids， polysaccharides， alkaloids， and phenols in P. americana extract PA were determined by ultraviolet spectrophotometry， while the contents of uracil， inosine， and protocatechuic acid in P. americana extract PA were determined by HPLC. Results： The established methods for the determination of each component had good reproducibility and stability. The main components of 20 batches of P. americana extract PA were polypeptides， amino acids， polysaccharides， alkaloids and phenols， as well as uracil， inosine and protocatechuic acid. There was no significant difference in the main components of different batches of P. americana extract PA. Because of the different harvest time and culture conditions， components of different batches of P. americana extract PA from different breeding plants had certain differences. Conclusion： By analyzing the material composition and content of P. americana extract PA， this study provides a basis for the subsequent screening of functional substances and comprehensive and effective evaluation of the quality of P. americana.

Preliminary Study on Antibacterial Effect and Active Parts of Dobinea delavayi

Su Baoshun, Liu Zhitong

2023, 8(8):  39-43. 

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Objective： To investigate the antibacterial effect and active parts of Dobinea delavayi. Methods： The water， petroleum ether， ethyl acetate， n-butanol， 30% ethanol precipitation， 60% ethanol precipitation， and 95% ethanol precipitation parts of D. delavayi were extracted， and the minimum inhibitory concentration of the above 7 parts against methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus（MRSA）， Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis were measured by agar plate double dilution method. The effects of temperature and ultraviolet on the antibacterial activity of different active parts of D. delavayi were also investigated. Results： The water part of D. delavayi had an inhibitory effect on MRSA， S. aureus， and E. faecalis. The 60% ethanol-precipitated part and 95% ethanol-precipitated part had an inhibitory effect on MRSA and S. aureus， with antibacterial zone diameters of （21.2±0.6）， （20.4±0.1）， （19.6±0.6）， （20.6±0.1）， （22.2±0.2）， （17.5±0.2）， （20.3±0.3） mm， respectively. The petroleum ether， ethyl acetate， and n-butanol parts had no antibacterial activity. In addition， the water part, the 60% ethanol-precipitated part, and the 90% ethanol-precipitated part of D. delavayi were sensitive to high temperature and ultraviolet. Conclusion： D. delavayi has definite antibacterial activity in vitro. The water part is the main active part for inhibiting MRSA and E. faecalis， and the 60% ethanol-precipitated part is the primary active part for inhibiting S. aureus. This study provides a theoretical basis for the comprehensive utilization and development of D. delavayi.

Construction and Effectiveness of the Pharmaceutical Control System of Injection Proton Pump Inhibitors

Li Xiaoji, Li Guorong

2023, 8(8):  44-48. 

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Objective： To establish a pharmaceutical control system of injection proton pump inhibitors（I-PPIs）， and compare the application of I-PPIs before and after control. Methods： The hospital information system was used to collect I-PPIs related usage data from 2018 to 2021 in the People's Hospital of Lijiang City Affiliated to Kunming University of Science and Technology. Statistical analysis was conducted on the inpatient usage rate， medication frequency， usage intensity， and medication cost ratio of I-PPIs. Results： Compared with before control， medication frequency， usage intensity， intensity of medication， and medication cost ratio of I-PPIs after control were significantly decreased， rational utilization rate was increased. The number of inappropriate medication cases including no indication of preventive medication and longer course of treatment were significantly decreased. Conclusion： The establishment of pharmaceutical control system of I-PPIs can effectively promote the clinical application and control of medicine， and effectively guarantee the medicine safety of patients.

The Protective Effect of Ghrelin on High Glucose-Induced Ｈepatocellular Injury

Ye Shengying, Wang Xinrui, Gao Jingwen, Qin Yan

2023, 8(8):  49-53. 

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Objective： To observe the protective effect of Ghrelin on high glucose-induced hepatocellular injury and preliminarily explore its mechanism. Methods： A high glucose-induced hepatocellular injury model was established and Ghrelin（10-7 mmol / L） was used for intervention. The experiment were randomly divided into blank control group， Ghrelin + blank control group， high glucose group and Ghrelin + high glucose group. The cell proliferation rate and expression levels of alanine aminotransferase（ALT）， malondialdehyde（MDA） and superoxide dismutase（SOD） were detected. The mRNA expression levels of cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase（Caspase-1）， interleukin-18（IL-18） and interleukin-1β（IL-1β） were determined by real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction， and the expression of gasdermin D（GSDMD） protein was detected by immunofluorescence technique. Results： Ghrelin could decrease the content of ALT and MDA， increas the SOD content， and significantly reduce the expression levels of pyroptosis-related factors Caspase-1， IL-18， IL-1β mRNA and GSDMD protein. Conclusion： Ghrelin has a protective effect on high glucose-induced hepatocellular injury， and one of its mechanisms may be to relieve oxidative stress and inhibit Caspase-1-mediated pyroptosis.

Effects of High Salt Intervention on Proliferation and Migration of Human Aortic Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell

Deng Wenbin, Huang Shiqiong, Wang Xue, Li Lihua

2023, 8(8):  54-58. 

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Objective： To investigate the effects of different concentrations of Na+ intervention on the proliferation and migration of human aortic vascular smooth muscle cell（HAVSMC）. Methods： HAVSMC were cultured as primary cultures and were passaged to the fifth generation. Cells were intervened with different concentrations of Na+（132， 137， 142， 147， 152， 157， 162， and 167 mmol/L）， and cell proliferation and migration experiments were conducted at 24， 48， 72， and 96 hours after the intervention. Proliferation activity of HAVSMC was detected by the CCK-8 method， and proliferating cell nuclear antigen（PCNA） expression was analyzed by real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction in order to evaluate proliferation ability of HAVSMC. Additionally， scratch assay was employed to evaluate the migration ability of HAVSMC. Results： Compared with the 132 mmol/L Na+ control group， after 72 hours of cultivation， 137-167 mmol/L Na+ intervention promoted the proliferation ability of HAVSMC. Among all intervention groups（P<0.05）， Na+ concentration of 152 mmol/L had a significant pro-proliferation effect（P<0.05） and promoted the migration of HAVSMC. Conclusion： High salt intervention can promote the proliferation and migration of HAVSMC.

Expression of RIP140 and LCOR in High-Grade Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia

Zhi Hongfang, Chen Xin, Zhang Jianyan, Wang Chengcheng, Zhang Yun, Yang Xuantao

2023, 8(8):  59-63. 

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Objective： To analyze the expression levels of RIP140 and LCOR in cytoplasm and nucleus in high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion（HSIL） in order to find new biomarkers for the identification of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia（CIN） Ⅱ and CIN Ⅲ. Methods： Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of RIP140 and LCOR in cytoplasm and nucleus in 45 cases of CIN Ⅱ， 32 cases of CIN Ⅲ， 51 cases of CIN Ⅱ and CIN Ⅲ combined morphology. Results： The expressions of RIP140 in cytoplasm and nucleus of CIN Ⅲ were higher than those of CIN Ⅱ， with statistical significance（P<0.05）. There was no statistically significant difference in the expression of LCOR in cytoplasm between CIN Ⅱ and CIN Ⅲ（P>0.05）， but the expression of LCOR in nucleus of CIN Ⅱ was higher than that of CIN Ⅲ， with statistical significance（P<0.05）. RIP140 was highly expressed in the cytoplasm of the complex morphologic samples， and the difference was statistically significant compared with CIN Ⅱ（χ2=4.868， P=0.027）. Conclusion： The high expression of RIP140 in the nucleus has an auxiliary effect in distinguishing CIN Ⅱ from CIN Ⅲ， and its high expression in the cytoplasm suggests that CIN Ⅱ may have potential coexistence with high-grade squamous intraepithelial neoplasia.

Propensity Score Matching Analysis of Postoperative Radiotherapy in Patients with Stage ⅢA/N2 Non-Small Cell Lung Carcinoma

Wu Maofang, Shi Wen, Xiao Shouyong, Cai Jingjing, Liu Zengping, Fang Hong

2023, 8(8):  64-70. 

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Objective： Propensity score matching（PSM） was used to evaluate the effect of postoperative radiotherapy in patients with stage ⅢA/N2 non-small cell lung carcinoma（NSCLC）. Methods： A total of 1 832 patients with stage ⅢA/N2 NSCLC undergoing surgical resection combined with adjuvant chemotherapy were collected from the SEER database. Baseline characteristics of the two groups were compared by χ2  test， overall survival（OS） and lung cancer-specific survival（LCSS） of the two groups were evaluated by Kaplan-Meier curve， and prognostic factors were analyzed by COX regression model. Results： Among the 1 832 patients， 906 patients received postoperative radiotherapy（included in the postoperative radiotherapy group） and 926 patients did not receive postoperative radiotherapy（included in the control group）. There was no statistical significance in OS and LCSS between the two groups after PSM（P>0.05）. Univariate COX regression analysis showed that age<65 years old， female， clinical stage Ⅰ-Ⅱ， tumor diameter≤3 cm were protective factors for survival and prognosis（HR<1， P<0.05）. Multivariate COX regression analysis showed that age<65 years old， number of lymph node dissection ≥4 could better predict OS and LCSS（HR<1，Ｐ<0.05）. In the postoperative radiotherapy subgroup， patients with squamous cell carcinoma and age <65 years had worse LCSS. Conclusion： The addition of postoperative radiotherapy did not improve the prognosis of stageⅢA/N2 NSCLC patients treated with surgical resection combined with adjuvant chemotherapy.

Scientometric Analysis of Ferroptosis Literature Based on Web of Science #br#

Xiao Min, Xiong Miaomiao, Cheng Mingjing, Cui Xiuyu, Zhao Yuanqi, Zhao Weidong

2023, 8(8):  71-77. 

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Objective： To explore the hot topics and development trends of research related to ferroptosis in the Core collection of the Web of Science database in recent 10 years using scientometric analysis and provide reference for further research in this field. Methods： A search was conducted in the Core collection of the Web of Science database using the term "Ferroptosis" and the index date range of "2012-01-01" to "2021-12-31". The literature type was set to "article"， and the collected data were subjected to scientometric analysis. Results：A total of 2 254 literatures related to ferroptosis were retrieved， and the number of published papers showed an increasing trend year by year. The country with the largest number of published papers was China， and the institution with the largest number of published papers was Shanghai Jiao Tong University. The institutional temporal co-occurrence network showed that although Chinese institutions published more papers， their research started late. The main research directions of ferroptosis were biochemistry and molecular biology. The cluster with the most co-occurrence keywords was the treatment and prognosis of ferroptosis-related diseases. The cited outburst keywords showed that apoptosis and oxidative stress were the research hotspots in the first 5 years， while diseases and p53 were the research hotspots in the last 5 years. The top three ferroptosis-related diseases were breast cancer， lung cancer and liver cancer. Conclusion： Ferroptosis is currently a hot topic of research， and China is actively engaged in the research field of ferroptosis. With the passage of time， the research focus has gradually shifted from basic experiments on the mechanism of ferroptosis to clinical research on the treatment and prognosis of ferroptosis-related diseases.

Study on the Elderly Care Career-Selection Motivation and Influencing Factors of Vocational Nursing Students

Rao Yanhua, Wu Xingjun, Quan Yuan, Guan Qingni, Wang Suorong, Tian Ying

2023, 8(8):  78-83. 

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Objective： To understand the elderly care career-selection motivation and influencing factors of vocational nursing students. Methods： A total of 536 vocational nursing students in Qujing Medical College were selected and surveyed using a general information questionnaire and an elderly care career-selection motivation questionnaire. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to analyze the influencing factors of nursing students' elderly care career-selection motivation. Results： The total average score of nursing students' elderly care career-selection motivation was （67.97±16.61） points， with an average score of （47.48±11.81） points for the career-selection value questionnaire and （20.49±4.80） points for the career-selection confidence questionnaire. The results of multiple linear regression analysis showed that the degree of intimacy with the elderly， the experience of caring for the elderly， the importance of vocational skill level certificate of the elderly care， and the understanding of the national elderly care policy were the main influencing factors of the elderly care career-selection motivation of vocational nursing students（P<0.05）. Conclusion： The elderly care career-selection motivation of vocational nursing students is at a medium to upper level， and there are various factors affecting the elderly care career-selection motivation of vocational nursing students. It is necessary to encourage nursing students to contact the elderly more， emphasize the importance of vocational skill level certificate of elderly care， strengthen the publicity of elderly care policy and work value， so as to improve the motivation level of nursing students.

Qualitative Study on Professional Identity and Motivation for Enrollment of Midwifery Undergraduates in Yunnan Province

Ma Yongxin, Ao Bo, Yang Guoqin, He Lixiu, Qian Jinfu

2023, 8(8):  84-87. 

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Objective： To explore the professional identity level and motivation for enrollment of midwifery undergraduates in Yunnan Province. Methods： Using phenomenological research methods in qualitative research， 11 midwifery undergraduates from two colleges in Yunnan Province were selected as research subjects， in-depth interviews were conducted， focusing on the motivation for enrollment and professional identity， and content analysis method was used to analyze the interview data. Results： The professional identity and motivation for enrollment of midwifery undergraduates could be summarized into three main themes： motivation for enrollment was strong， and there were individual cognitive differences； professional identity was higher， but the depth of understanding was not enough； professional expectations was higher， but the curriculum lacked of professional characteristics. Conclusion： Midwifery undergraduates have strong motivation for enrollment， higher professional identity and professional expectations. Colleges should actively improve their professional cognition and actively compile textbooks for the midwifery undergraduate major to meet their professional knowledge needs.

Meta-Synthesis of Healthcare Professionals' Real Experience in Treating Epidemic Respiratory Infectious Diseases

Li Aoli, Wu Kunli, Shan Huibin, You Yan, He Qilian

2023, 8(8):  88-94. 

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Objective： To systematically evaluate and integrate qualitative studies on healthcare professionals' real experience in treating epidemic respiratory infectious diseases. Methods： PubMed， Web of Science， Embase， The Cochrane Library， CNKI， CBM， Wanfang and VIP databases were searched by computer to collect qualitative studies on healthcare professionals' real experience in treating epidemic respiratory infectious diseases. The search period was from the establishment of the database to September 2022. The quality of the included literature was evaluated using the quality evaluation criteria of the Australian JBI Evidence-Based Healthcare Center， and a Meta-synthesis approach was used for integration. Results： A total of 13 studies were included， and 50 research results were extracted and summarized into 6 categories， which were integrated into 3 integrated results， respectively： before treatment—"important task of the times， mission forward"； in the treatment—"lost in the east， found in the west"； after treatment—"learn from one event， gain wisdom". Conclusion： The healthcare professionals who have experienced the treatment of epidemic respiratory infectious diseases have different professional experiences at different stages. Managers should pay attention to the needs and experience of healthcare professionals， so as to ensure their physical and mental health， improve their coping abilities， and further establish and improve healthcare emergency management mechanism.

Exploration of Upgrading the Medical Humanistic Realm of Nursing Students with Curriculum Ideological and Political Education

Wang Yu, Ao Bo, Qian Jinfu, Bai Li

2023, 8(8):  95-100. 

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Pathogenic biology is an important basic course of nursing specialty. Most of the studies on implementing curriculum ideological and political education for this course focus on cultivating the consciousness of rule of law， scientific spirit， national confidence， and patriotism of nursing students， but lack of attention on the improvement of medical humanistic realm of nursing students. This study mainly discusses the significance and implementation path of implementing curriculum ideological and political education in the teaching of pathogenic biology and improving the medical humanistic realm of nursing students.