Table of Content

15 December 2012, Volume 11 Issue 12

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Problems in the Quality Standard Research of Chinese Traditional Medicine and Corresponding Suggestions

WANG Yan, JIN Yang, LIU Zhen-Qi

2012, 11(12):  1-3. 

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Objective: To improve the quality standards of traditional Chinese medicine for the sake of safe and effective use.
Methods: The problems in the quality standards research of traditional Chinese medicine were analyzed and summarized, and based
on this, some countermeasures and suggestions were put forward. Results: The quality standards of traditional Chinese medicine
should be enhanced. Conclusion: The quality standard research of traditional Chinese medicine should be diversified and
multidisciplinary so as to ensure a safe and effective use of drugs.

Research on Hypoglycemic Effect of the Sagittaria Sagittifolin Polysaccharide

LUO Yong-Hui, ZHANG Cui-Xiang, XU Chun-Ping

2012, 11(12):  4-5. 

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Objective: To observe the hypoglycemic effect of polysaccharide from Sagittaria sagittifolin in alloxan-induced diabetic
mice. Methods: The diabetic model mice were established by intra-abdominal injection of 190 mg/kg alloxan, the hypoglycemic
effects of Sagittaria sagittifolin polysaccharide in 0.75 g/kg and 0.375 g/kg were examined. Results: Sagittaria sagittifolin
polysaccharide in two doses could both significantly decrease the blood glucose in diabetic mice (P<0.05). Conclusion: Sagittaria
sagittifolin polysaccharide showed certain hypoglycemic effect on diabetic mice model.

Liver and Kidney Damage Induced by Peppermint Oil on Mice Model

LI Zhi, LI Jin, LI Shi-Kai, HE Hai-Yan- , SHI Tao, ZHANG Qing, CHEN Hai-Bin

2012, 11(12):  6-9. 

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Objective: To investigate the injury effect of peppermint extract on mice liver and kidney using pathological method.
Methods: Kunming mice subjected peppermint oil by intragastrical way were randomized in to different peppermint oil doses groups.
Pathological alternations were observed and the amounts of lethal and toxicity of plant extracts were examined. Results: With acute
experiments, we found that large doses of peppermint oil could induce mouse liver and kidney damage, and with the dose increased,
pathological changes were severe.Tissue slices showed edema and fatty degeneration on liver cells, and edema on the kidney
epithelial cells. Conclusion: Large doses of peppermint oil were damage to both mouse liver and kidney,but in different extents.

Effects of PPARα on Organ Transplantation

ZHANG Yuan-Yuan, LI Yao-Kang, WANG Min, YIN Hong-Chun, WANG Guang-Ming

2012, 11(12):  10-12. 

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Objective: To investigate the effect of PPARα on organ transplantation on mice model. Methods: Fenofibrate, Wy14643,
or vehicle was given through a feeding needle once per day for 7 consecutive days on C57BL/6J, spleen from C57BL/6J or BALB/c
was collected and splenocyte was isolated. Mixed lymphocyte reaction （MLR）was carried out. Results: The splenocyte was no
response in MLR from the mice treated with fenofibrate, or Wy14643. Conclusion: PPARα could be activated by fenofibrate, or
Wy14643, could inhibit MLR.

Study of Combined in Vitro Antibacterial Effect of Garlic and Ginger Extracts

CHEN Ying, YANG Xia-Yu, PU Shu-Lin, ZHOU Chao, ZHANG Lei

2012, 11(12):  13-15. 

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Objective: To investigate combined antibacterial effects of the extracts of garlic and ginger in vitro. Methods: The
extraction of garlic was obtained by enzymolysis, the in vitro bacteriostatic activities of the extracts of garlic and ginger were detected
by Kirby-Bauer (K-B) method, the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) were detected by macro dilution method, and combined
antibacterial effects were detected by micro dilution method. Results: The inhibition zone diameters on the experimental strains of
garlic extract were statistically greater than that of the ginger extract. MICs of garlic extract on ATCC 25923, ATCC 90029 and
clinical isolated 1420 were lower than those of the ginger extract. For combined use of garlic extract and ginger extract, data showed
unrelated effect on standard strain ATCC 25923, synergetic effect on clinical isolated drug-resistant strain 1420, and addition effect
on ATCC 90029. Conclusion: The garlic and ginger extracts have antimicrobial effect to gram-positive bacteria, gram-negative
bacteria and fungi in experiment. The antibacterial effect of garlic extract was significantly stronger than that of the ginger extract. The
antibacterial effects were reinforced and drug consumption decreased when combined use of garlic and ginger extracts on methicillinresistant
Staphylococcus aureus 1420 and Candida albicans ATCC 90029.

Comparison Study of the Effect of Lead Excretion of Smilax Glabra and Garlic Oil on Mice

ZHANG Jian-Qin, TANG Xiang, YU Yu, LI Cai, BAI Yun, ZHU Yun-Fang, WANG Yi-Xin

2012, 11(12):  16-19. 

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Objective: To compare the lead excretion effect of smilax glabra and garlic oil, and provide the theoretical evidence to
prevent lead poisoning. Methods: Lead poisoning model was constructed by lead acetate solution (40 mg/L) lavage at the standard of
0.01 mL/g weight for 15 days. After the lead exposure, 48 mice were randomly divided into 4 groups treated with smilax glabra, garlic
oil, EDTA and distilled water respectively for 15 days. Mice weights and lead concentrations were recorded before the lead poisoning,
the 16th day and the 31st day. Lead concentrations of tail vein blood were determined by the method of graphite furnace atomic
absorption. Results: 1. With different treatment, there were significant differences on the lead content in the blood among smilax
glabra group, EDTA group, garlic oil group and distilled water group (P<0.01). After the therapy of the lead excreation, the blood lead
content in smilax glabra group<EDTA group<garlic oil group< distilled water group. 2. Compared to the distilled water group, there
were both significant differences in weight of smilax glabra group and garlic oil group (P<0.05); the weight of the smilax group was
heavier than that of the garlic oil group (P<0.05). 3. Compared to the distilled water group, there were both significant differences in
survival rate of smilax glabra group and garlic oil group (P<0.05); there was no statistical difference on the survival rate of the smilax
glabra group and garlic oil group (P>0.05). Conclusion: Smilax glabra and garlic oil can promote the excretion of lead, our data
showed better lead excretion effect of Smilax glabra compared to the garlic oil.

Research Progress of ESX-1 Secretion System of Mycobacterium tuberculosis

DENG Yi-Hao, HE Hong-Yun, WANG Yong

2012, 11(12):  20-23. 

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Objective: To review components and their functions of ESAT-6 secretion system-1 （ESX-1）of Mycobacterium
tuberculosis. Methods: Consult and summarize related reference material about ESX -1 secretion system of Mycobacterium
tuberculosis. Results: ESX-1 secretion system is characterized by secretion of ESAT-6 and CFP-10, including coding genes and
more than ten secretive regulator genes. Conclusion: The secretions of virulence factor of ESAT-6 and CFP-10 in Mycobacterium
tuberculosis were controlled by multiple related encoding genes.

AIDS Epidemic in the Southwestern Frontier and Innovative Countermeasures of Public Health Management

LU Yun

2012, 11(12):  24-28. 

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Since the reform and opening-up, AIDS epidemic is most severe in the southwestern frontier of China. Especially in the
last ten years, the spread of AIDS epidemic in this region has caused public health crisis, which should be vigilant. From the practical
condition of AIDS epidemic in western frontier, the resolve to the crisis and the prevention of AIDS lie in the innovative and improved
management of public health.

Prevalence Study of Birth Defects in the City of Panzhihua

XU Yong-Lian, ZHANG Fang-Fang, TANG Jun, LUO Ru-Qiong, WU Wen-Xia, ZHANG Guang-Yan

2012, 11(12):  29-31. 

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Objective: To develop the prevention of birth defects and improve the quality of births from the prehension of the
incidence, distribution characteristics, influencing factors and causes of birth defect, and institute implementation. Methods: Babies
born between October 1st 2008 and September 30th 2011 were recorded according to the city monitoring program of birth defect.
Results: There are totally 30 111 perinatal babies are observed and diagnosed. 381 babies with over twenty-eight weeks old were
found birth defect. The rate of birth defect was 12.65 per thousand. To make a comparison between male and female, the difference
have significant. Male incidence was statistical higher than female incidence (χ²=11.49，P<0.01). There was no differences on birth
defects' mothers in all age groups. The main birth defect were cleft lips, ear deformity and multi finger toe in Panzhihua. Conclusion:
The rate of birth defect decreased in near three years in Panzhihua. The keys of reduction lied in completely intervention measures on
birth defects, "three Prevention" measures and enhanced health care during pregnancy.

HIV/AIDS Epidemic Analysis in Xiangyun County in 2004-2011

PAN Shao-Lin

2012, 11(12):  32-34. 

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Objective: To explore the HIV/AIDS epidemic characteristics in Xiangyun during 2004-2011 and provide scientific basis
for HIV/AIDS prevention. Methods: HIV/AIDS data during 2004 -2011 in Xiangyun County were analyzed with descriptive
epidemiological method. Results: Total 389 cases of HIV/AIDS were reported and 58 cases were fatal. The annual average report rate
was 10.61 per 100 000 populations. The rate was gradually increased in 2004-2007. The rate in township was higher than that in
mountain area. The male to female ratio was 2.27:1. Most cases occurred in age of 20~40 years. There were 293 cases of peasants
(82.4%) and 97.13% cases of illiteracy with less education of junior high school, 5.76% cases of sexual contact and 38.56% cases of
intravenous drug. Conclusion: With the implementation of the Global Fund for AIDS control project, Xiangyun AIDS epidemic has
been initially curbed. Due to the complexity of the HIV/AIDS epidemic, the diversity of the route of infection, we must strengthen the
publicity of AIDS prevention knowledge to improve universal awareness of AIDS prevention; focusing on farmers, unemployed youth
and education to strengthen the management of the floating population; further improve counseling and testing network, improve the
discovery of AIDS, in order to effectively control the spread of AIDS.

Analysis of Vision Testing for Primary and Middle School Students from 1991 to 2010 in Dali Prefecture

LIU Yu-Zhu, LIN Can-Song, HE She-Ji

2012, 11(12):  35-39. 

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Objective: To know the prevalence of students' poor eyesight and its changes from 1991 to 2010 in Dali Prefecture and
to provide evidence for prevention and control measures. Methods: On the basis of the "Manual of National Survey of Student's
Physical Health", primary and middle school students' uncorrected visual acuity was tested respectively in the year of 1991, 2000,
2005 and 2010. Results: The poor eyesight rate increased irrespective of student's ethnicity and gender, and the rate worsened with
increasing year as well as with the increase of grade. The average unhealthy rates of sight for Bai boys in the primary school, junior
high and senior high schools were 15.48%, 31,06%, and 49.26% respectively, compared to those of 20.05%, 38.83%, and 58.61% for
Bai girls. The average unhealthy rates of sight for Han boys in the primary school, junior high and senior high schools were 23.07%,
52.89%, and 69.47% respectively, and 28.61%, 63.00%, 77.58% for Han girls. The unhealthy rate of sight for Han girls in urban and
rural areas was higher than that for Han boys (The poor eyesight rate for boys in the primary school has no statistic significance). The
unhealthy rate of sight for Bai girls in primary school was moderate in degree, and severe in degree for the rest. Myopia prevailed
among students of Han and Bai nationalities, while the rate of high degree visual impairment for Han students was higher than that for
Bai students. Conclusion: The poor eyesight rate, with the prevalence of high degree of visual impairment and myopia, worsened
among students in Dali Prefecture. Attention should be paid to this.

Investigation of the Practical Skill Training Mode for Preventive Medical Students

JI Shou-Lian, SONG Zheng-Rui, CHEN Hong-Yun

2012, 11(12):  39-40. 

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Objective: To investigate the practical skill training mode for preventive medical students and to improve the level of
students' practical skills. Methods: Students were encouraged to participate in synthetic and designing experimental practices, in
teacher's scientific research, and in innovative experiments as well as in subject applications. Results: Students' practical ability and
research capability were better exercised and improved. Student's practical activities were greatly enhanced in 2012. Seven innovative
experiments and over 60 scientific researches were applied, more than 10 scientific papers were published by students. Student's
practical skills were intensified and highly praised by practice units and employers. Conclusion: Student's practical skills were
enhanced to a certain extent with still some room for further improvement before social practice. Therefore, the practical skill training
mode expects further investigation.

Clinical Study of Intrapleural Injection of Lobaplatin Combined with Recombinant Human Endostatin (endostar) in Treatment of Lung Cancer with Malignant Pleural Effusion

CAO Yu, ZHAO Guang-Qiang, HUANG Yun-Chao

2012, 11(12):  41-43. 

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Objective: To study the efficacy and safety of intrapleural injection of lobaplatin combined with endostar in treatment of
lung cancer with malignant pleural effusion. Methods: Sixty-three patients diagnosed lung cancer with malignant pleural effusion
were treated by the way of intrapleural injection. The subjects were divided into two groups: 32 cases were injected lobaplatin and
endostar (A group), 31 cases were injected cisplatin and endostar (B group). The clinical efficacy, quality of life and toxic reaction
were compared between groups. Results: The clinical efficacy and quality of life were not significantly different between two groups
(P>0.05). The incidences of WBC reduction, hypohemia, sicchasia and vomit were significant higher in B group than that in A (P<0.05). Conclusion: Lobaplatin combined with endostar therapy showed almost the same clincal efficacy compared to the therapy of
cisplatin combined with endostar in treatment of lung cancer with malignant pleural effusion, but with less side effect.

Endoscopic Stent Treatment of Advanced Esophageal Cancer

DU Gui-Ying, TAO Zhong-Yuan

2012, 11(12):  44-46. 

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Objective: To explore the approach and the therapeutic effect of endoscopic stent treatment of advanced esophageal
cancer. Methods: Endoscopic stent implantation was carried out on patients diagnosed advanced esophageal cancer with endoscopy
and pathological examination, who was unwilling to operate or unresectable. Results: Total 91 patients were treated with 97 stents, the
success rate was 100% and efficiency was 100%. Conclusion: Endoscopic esophageal stenting is an effective method for the treatment
of advanced esophageal cancer.

Effect of Artificial Long-stem Femoral Head Replacement for the Treatment of Unstable Intertrochanteric Fractures of 15 Elderly Patients

ZHANG Ji-Yuan, ZOU Qing-Feng

2012, 11(12):  47-49. 

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Objective: To explore and evaluate the method of artificial long-stem femoral head replacement for the treatment of
unstable intertrochanteric fractures of 15 elderly patients. Methods: Fifteen cases of elderly aged 70-90 years old (average 79 years
old, 10 male and 5 female) were enrolled in study. Fractures were typed according to Evans classification: 9 cases of type IIIA, 6
cases of type IIIB. Applied the posterolateral hip incision, fractured fragments of large trochanter and minor trochanter should be
preserved during the operations that the fragments could be fixed with bone cement. A model could be used before insertion of
artificial femoral shaft because of the defects of femoral neck and femoral calcar. Bone defects in the femoral calcar were stuffed with
bone cement, suction drainage were maintained for 48-72 hours. Results: All fifteen patients were cured and discharged. The period
of hospitalization was 16-24 days (average 20 days). Follow up for 6-12 months (average eight months) was performed in 15 cases, all
wounds were primary healed without infection,dislocation, lower extremity deep vein thrombosis, hip dislocation or subluxation and
death. The function of hip joint was satisfied in 12 patients. Conclusion: artificial long-stem femoral head replacement for the
treatment of unstable intertrochanteric fractures in the elderly is a reliable, feasible and effective method which can decrease mortality
and improve life quality.

Treatment of Renal Caliceal Diverticular Calculi with Minimally Invasive Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy

XIAO Yu-Kun, XIAO Zhi-Song, WEN Gui-Cheng, ZHENG Bao-Shou, YANG Li, WU Xue-Dong

2012, 11(12):  50-52. 

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Objective: To investigate the clinical effect of minimally invasive percutaneous nephrolithotomy (mPCNL) in treatment of
renal calyceal diverticular calculi. Methods: Patients with a symptomatic calyceal diverticular calculi were underwent mPCNL under
ultrasound and X-ray guidance, the percutaneous renal access were setup succeedly and the stones were smashed, and we use two
methods for the diverticulum treatment according to the condition of patients: dilation the diverticular neck or fulguration of
diverticular sac wall. Total 18 cases of clinical data were conducted retrospectively analysis. Results: All 18 cases were applied with
percutaneous therapy successfully in the first time. The operative time was 45-120 （65.8±7.89）min, and no severe complications
found. The follow-up time was 3 to 24 months, diverticulum was disappeared in 9 cases and reduced obviously in 8 cases. Stone
recurrenceed in 1 case with conservative observation. Conclusion: mPCNL is an effective and feasible treatment option for
symptomatic caliceal divertivular calculi. The percutaneous approach and infundibular neck treatment are keys to success rate of
operation.

Clinical Analysis of 12 Cases of Lower Abdomen Expansion Shaft Flap in Treatment of Scar Contracture Deformity after Hand Burn and Scald

GUAN Zhi-Jiang, YANG Xiang-Dong, LI Zhan-Bin

2012, 11(12):  53-54. 

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Objective: To study the lower abdomen expansion shaft flap in treatment of scar contracture deformity after hands burn
and scald. Methods: Twelve cases of scar contracture deformity after hands burn and scald from October 2007 to June 2011 were
treated with lower abdomen expansion shaft flap therapy, total 12 cases of clinical data were conducted retrospectively analysis.
Results: There were functional-correction satisfactory, scar excision completely and without scarring and contracture in six months
follow-up. Conclusion: The therapy of lower abdomen expansion shaft flap in treatment of scar contracture deformity after hands burn
and scald displayed good Long-term effect.

Clinical Observation of 24 Patients with Corneal Endotheliitis Syndrome

ZHANG Zi-Yan, JIANG Yun-Kun

2012, 11(12):  55-57. 

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Objective: To explore the etiology, diagnosis as well as the antiviral drugs and corticosteroid hormone treatment of
corneal endotheliitis. Methods: Clinical characteristics and treatment effectiveness of 24 cases of patients with the corneal
endotheliitis were conducted retrospective anlysis. Results: All patients with the corneal endotheliitis were cured. Three cases of
corneal inflammation recurred during the following-up of 6-12 months. After the etiological treatment was performed, visual acuity
improved among 24 patients: 3 patients with 0.1-0.3 visual acuity improvement, 11 patients with 0.3-0.5, 5 patients with 0.6-0.8 and
3 patients with more than 0.8 improvment. Corneal macula were observed in 5 cases and 11 cases of corneal nebula. Conclusion: The
early diagnosis and therapy was emphasized on the corneal endotheliitis, local or systemic application of antiviral drugs combined with
corticosteroid hormone could effectively alleviate the symptom, and reduce the relapse rate.

Clinical Distribution and Drug Resistance of Four Kinds of Gram-negative Bacillus in Affiliated Hospital of Dali University

LI Xiao-Juan, ZHANG Qun-Zhi

2012, 11(12):  58-62. 

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Objective: To investigate the clinical distribution and drug resistance of four kinds of Gram-negative bacillus in
Affiliated Hospital of Dali University and provide basis for clinical medicine. Methods: VITET-2 compact automated microbial
analyzer was applied for bacterial identification, K-B disk diffusion method were used for drug sensitive test. Results: The drug
resistance rates of four kinds of bacilli to penicillins, sulfonamides, quinolones and amoxicillin amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, gentamicin,
cephalosporins, aztreonam, resistance rates were 75%、75%、20%、70%、55%、50%、13%, respectively. P. aeruginosa was more
sensitive to ceftazidime (7.22%) and cefepime (11.86%). E. coli and K. pneurmoniae were sensitive to both carbapenem and
cefoperazone/sulbactam, while P. aeruginosa were resistant to both carbapenem and cefoperazone/sulbactam, A. baumanii was
sensitive to imipenem and cefoperazone/sulbactam. E. coli and P. aeruginosa were sensitive to amikacin, K. pneurmoniae was sensitive
to piperacillin / tazobactam, but was resistance to others （>14%）. Conclusion: There were high drug resistences of 4 Gram-negative
bacillus in affiliated hospital of Dali University, hospital should be strengthened infection control, drug monitoring and clinical use of
antimicrobial drugs, reducing the emergence of resistant or multi-drug-resistant strains.

Correlation Analysis of the Human Papilloma Virus Infection and TCT Examination in Dehong Prefecture

YANG Yan-Qiu, DUAN Li

2012, 11(12):  63-65. 

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Objective: To explore the relativity of human papilloma virus (HPV) and thin cytologic test (TCT) examination of
relativity. Methods: One thusand six hundreds and eight women with cervix disease in Dehong Teaching Hospital of Dali University
conducted HPV typing detection and TCT under 2004 TBS rating system. Results: There were 645 cases of HPV positive, postive rate
is 40.11%; Among 645 cases, there were 483 cases conducted TCT, there were 118 cases of ASCUS, 36 cases of severe pathological
changes, 24 cases of low pathological changes, 154 cases of inflammation disease, 26 cases of other pathological change, and 125
normal. Conclusion: HPV detection could track the cervical lesions and treatment in early time, and improve TCT sensitivity.

Four-Dimensional Ultrasound in Prenatal Diagnosis of Fetal Malformations

XIONG De-Qing, WU Wen-Xia, XU Yong-Lian, ZHANG Fang-Fang, TAO Xu-Fang

2012, 11(12):  66-68. 

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Objective: To explore the clinical value of real-time dynamic four-dimensional ultrasound in the diagnosis of fetal
malformation prenatal. Methods: Conventional two-dimensional and real-time 4D ultrasound were detected by E8，VOLUSON730
four-dimensional ultrasound on 38 679 fetus of 18-37 weeks. Results: There were 235 cases of fetal malformations in 38 679 cases,
in which 65 cases with fetal nervous system malfomation, 28 cases with facial deformity, 14 cases with neck (cervical lymph hygroma)
malformation, 39 cases with cardiac malformation, 14 cases with chest deformity, 10 cases with diaphragmatic hernia, 12 cases with
abdominal malformation, 17 cases with urinary system malformations, and 36 cases of limb bones deformity. Conclusion: Compared
with two-dimensional ultrasound, four-dimensional ultrasound imaging can provide richer diagnostic information, a comprehensive
and visually display fetal malformations, and more accurate prenatal diagnosis of fetal malformations, with great clinical value.

A Study on X-rays Image

LI Yun

2012, 11(12):  69-70. 

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Objective: To explore the application of digital X-ray imaging technology. Methods: Analyze and summarize the digital
X-ray images (DR) technology and image quantity. Results: In the course of image formation of DR, both the receiving of X-ray and
the output of digital signal are completed on the Plat Panel Detector. There were higher signals to noise radio and resolution ratio,
wider dynamic range, exposure latitude, enable exposure conditions could be easy to master, thereby reducing the amount of radiation;
the display image can be immediately network to transmit digital X images within seconds after exposure. Conclusion: In terms of the
advantages of DR, the technology will become the mainstream of the development.

Nursing Experience of Bladder Cancer after Chemotherapy Infusion

YANG Yu-Qin

2012, 11(12):  71-73. 

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Objective: To investigate the nursing experience of Bladder cancer after chemotherapy infusion. Methods: After detailed
communication with patients and health guidance on the importance of intravesical infusion therapy to prevent tumor recurrence,
applied direct catheter injection or clamp needle perfusion method, bladder cancer patients start line of intravesical chemotherapy
drugs. In the two weeks postoperative, 64 cases of clinical data were conducted retrospective analysis. Results: All 64 patients
completed the chemotherapy treatment, including 4 cases of patients with bladder irritation, 2 cases of fever, 1 case of urethral
stricture. Conclusion: Intravesical chemotherapy requires good communication between nurses and patients, method of scientific
perfusion and skilled operation techniques.

Nursing Experience of Hemoperfusion Treated Bullosa Epidermolysis Induced by Lamivudine and Adefovir Dipivoxil

XUE Lian, WU Kun-Li, LI Zhen

2012, 11(12):  74-75. 

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This is a case report about nursing experience, which introduced hemoperfusion treating drug -induced bullosa
epidermolysis caused by lamivudine and adefovir dipivoxil. Based on the patient's situation, individualized nursing interventions in all
stages of treatment. Lesion repaired in 20 days.

Application of Cases Combined PBL Teaching Method for Urology Clinical Probation Teaching

YANG Li, YANG Ji-Wu, HU Ji-Fu

2012, 11(12):  78-80. 

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Objective: To evaluate the application of cases combined with PBL teaching strategy for urology clinical probation
teaching. Methods: The students of grade 2007 and grade 2008 on clinical medicine specialty in our school were applied with two
different methods. The grade 2007 were applied traditional teaching method and the grade 2008 were applied cases combined with
PBL. The teaching effect was assessed after testing and measuring. Results: The students of grade 2008 had better evaluation of
performance and a more comprehensive fruits such as on mastery of urology knowledge point and analysis of clinical thinking.
Conclusion: In urology clinical probation teaching, the method of cases combined with PBL can promote knowledge acquirement,
improve the clinical ability on thinking and analysis and cultivate independent learning habit. The key of the method lies in choosing
cases, designing problems, proper guidance, full preparation before class and well summarizing after class.

Survey of Medical General Education Elective Curriculum: A Case Study of Dali University

WANG Jia-Mei, MA Ning, HAN Yu-Mei, ZHANG Pan, LIU Qi- , NIU Kun

2012, 11(12):  81-83. 

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General education elective curriculum, as an important part of the curriculum structure system of higher education, helps
to expand student's range of knowledge, cultivate student's professional quality, develop student's personality and ability as well.
Questionnaire, interview and mathematical statistics were used to investigate the status quo of medical elective curriculum in Dali
University. Some helpful suggestions were proposed accordingly.

Application of Participation Pedagogy in Sports Physiology Teaching

DUAN Yi-Mei, LIU Guo-Tian, WANG Hong, LI Chun-Lin

2012, 11(12):  84-86. 

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Participation pedagogy was introduced into sports physiology teaching against the disadvantages of traditional teaching
methods for further research. The results showed that participation pedagogy was better than traditional teaching methods in
developing student's principal role in the process of teaching and in improving the effectiveness of teaching.

Exploration of Problem-based-learning Strategy in Anatomy Experiment Teaching for Clinical Medicine Students

HE Hong-Yun, ZHU Jian-Hua, ZHANG Ben-Shi

2012, 11(12):  87-89. 

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Objective: To investigate the efficacy of problem-based-learning (PBL) teaching method in anatomy experimental class
for students majoring in clinical medicine. Methods: One hundred and eighty students major in clinical medicine were randomly
divided into two groups: experimental group (PBL-teaching method) and control group (conventional teaching method). The teaching
result was evaluated by questionnaire and statistical analysis. Results: The examination performance and result of questionnaire in
experimental group were better than that in control group. Conclusion: PBL-teaching method could improved teaching result, it is
worthy of promotion.

Investigation on the Infection of Demodex in Middle School Students

SHI Yang, HUANG Guang-Wei, FAN Yan-Ping, LIU Zhi-Peng, SHI Shu-Yuan, WANG Lai-Nu- , DING Rong-Wu- , WANG Rui- , ZHANG Li

2012, 11(12):  90-92. 

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Objective: To investigate the infective status and reasons of Demodex in middle school students at Longmen Township of
Yongping County in Dali Prefecture. Methods: Facial infection of Demodex of 211 middle school students were examined by
cellophane tape method and the facial skin condition were also recorded. Results: The infection rate of Demodex was 6.16% in
middle school student. The infection rate of male (7.34%) was higher than that of female (4.9%). The infection rate of Demodex
folliculorum was higher than that of Demodex brevis (χ²=7.538, P<0.05). There were significant differences on the infection rates of
the students washing with water, soap, cleanser and medicated soap. (χ²=1.526, P<0.05). and there was significant difference on
infective rate of students living in school or at home (χ²=10.972, P<0.05). The infection rate of Demodex at frontal was higher than the
rates of other parts and the infection rate of students who were oily skin was higher than that of students who were normal skin or dry
skin (χ²=1.314, P<0.05). Conclusion: The infection of Demodex could be found on the middle school students at Longmen Town,
which raised that strategy should be conducted to strengthen students facial Demodex prevention.