Table of Content

15 February 2015, Volume 14 Issue 2

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Chemical Constituents of Swertia angustifolia Buch.

Chen Liyuan, Li Shuixian, Xia Conglong

2015, 14(2):  1-3. 

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Objective: To explore the chemical constituents of Swertia angustifolia Buch. Methods: Compounds were separated and
purified by silica gel column chromatography and their structures were elucidated on the basis of physicochemical properties and
spectral analysis. Results: Four monomeric compounds were obtained from trichloromethane extract of S. angustifolia and were
identified as asoleanolic acid（1）, ursolic acid（2）, lupeol（3）, and 3β- hydroxy- 11α,12α- epoxyoleanan- 28,13β- olide（4）.
Conclusion: Compounds（2）,（3）and（4）were obtained from S. angustifolia for the first time.

Effect of Ganlong Capsule and Periplaneta americana Skimmed Cream on Bile Secretion of Normal Rats

Xia Mengkai, Zeng Jing, Niu Chunli, Peng Fang

2015, 14(2):  4-7. 

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Objective: To investigate the effect of Ganlong capsule and Periplaneta americana skimmed cream on bile secretion of
normal rats. Methods: 80 rats were randomly divided into groups. After seven consecutive days of intragastric administration of 20
mL/kg once a day to each group, the effect was observed by the bile flow experiment and the analysis of bile composition. Results:
Ganlong capsule had no choleretic effec, and no effect on bile compositon. Periplaneta americana skimmed cream had choleretic effect,and compared with NS group, the difference in the bile flow was statistically significant (P < 0.05), and the content of TBL, DBL and IBL in bile decreased (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Ganlong capsule had no choleretic effect; Periplaneta americana skimmed cream had choleretic effect.

A Study of the Anti-inflammatory Effect and Mechanism of CⅡ-3 Extracted from Periplaneta americana

Chen Junya, Li Hongwen, Wu Daoxun, Liu Guangming, Peng Fang, Geng Ling

2015, 14(2):  8-11. 

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Objective: To study the anti- inflammatory effect and mechanism of C Ⅱ- 3 extracted from Periplaneta americana.
Methods: The effect of CⅡ-3 on the acute inflammation of rat ear swelling caused by dimethylbenzene and rat toes swelling by
carrageenin was observed, and the mechanism was discussed. Results: 50, 100 mg/kg of CⅡ-3 could obviously inhibit the rat ear
swelling; 100, 200 mg/kg of CⅡ-3 could obviously inhibit the toes swelling, especially decrease the content of PGE2, histamine and
MDA, and stimulate the activity of SOD in the inflammatory tissue. Conclusion: CⅡ-3 showed a good inhibitory effect on the acute
inflammation and the mechanism may be related to the decrease of the content of inflammatory mediators and the scavenging of free radicals.

Analysis of the Utilization of Cephalosporins

Lin Yiju, Wang Qing, Nie Caixia, Zou Zhimu, Zhao Qizou, Yang Xiaoli

2015, 14(2):  12-15. 

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Objective: To understand the utilization of cephalosporins in the pediatric outpatient department in hospital and to
promote the rational use of cephalosporins. Methods: By the retrospective investigation and analysis method, 1 800 prescriptions of
antibiotics from January to March 2014 were randomly selected and the application data of cephalosporins was analyzed including
varieties, the case number, use frequency and diagnosis and drug combination. Results: Antimicrobial use rate was 62.36%. Of the
total 1 800 prescriptions, 1 007 were prescriptions of cephalosporins（55.94%）. The largest number of cephalosporins used in cases was the first generation cephalosporin cefazolin sodium. Cephalosporins by intravenous drip accounted for 46.22% of the total antibiotic prescriptions and oral cephalosporins accounted for 9.72% . Prescriptions of a single antibiotic accounted for 79.44% ,prescriptions of combined use of two antibiotics accounted for 20.50% and prescriptions of combined use of three antibiotics accounted for 0.06%. Conclusion: The use of cephalosporins in pediatric outpatient department was basically reasonable, while unreasonable phenomena existed in dosing method, administration route, solvent selection and compatibility etc. It is suggested that physicians should strengthen their learning, pharmacists intervene timely and functional departments strengthen supervision.

A Study of Effects and Mechanism of Pitavastatin on Monocrotaline-induced Pulmonary
Arterial Hypertension in Rats

Zhou Shubo, Zhang Bensi

2015, 14(2):  16-20. 

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Objective: To investigate effects and mechanism of pitavastatin on monocrotaline（MTC）- induced pulmonary artery
hypertension in rats. Methods: 50 male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into five groups: pulmonary arterial hypertension group, normal control group, pitavastatin prevention group（1 mg/（kg·d））, low-dose pitavastatin treatment group（1 mg/（kg·d））and highdose pitavastatin treatment group（3 mg/（kg · d））. Pulmonary arterial hypertension was induced by a subcutaneous injection of monocmtaline in rats of all groups except for the control group. After 8 weeks, survival rates and mean pulmonary arterial pressure（mPAP）among all groups were compared. The expression levels of platelet-derived growth factor-B（PDGF-B）and Rac1mRNA,secretion of IL-6 in small pulmonary artery were also detected. Results: All rats in the prevention group and normal control group survived and pitavastatin improved survival（P<0.01）. Pitavastatin in both prevention and treatment groups significantly lowered mPAP（P<0.05）, and also inhibited PDGF-B expressions and IL-6 secretion（P<0.05）, and inhibited Rac1mRNA expressions（P<0.05）. Conclusion: The effect of pitavastatin's reducing monocrotaline-induced pulmonary arterial hypertension in rats might result from the inhibition of expressions of PDGF-B and Rac1mRNA and inhibition of smooth muscle cell proliferation and inflammatory mediator IL-6．

Experimental Study on Inductive Effects of Antibiotics on the Common Pathogenic L-form Bacteria

Yin Xiuhua, Wang Libo, Tao Meihua, Fan Yuanrong, Gao Shengqun, Xiang Shihui, Guo

2015, 14(2):  21-23. 

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Objective: To explore laboratory inductive effects of the commonly used clinical antibiotics on the common pathogenic Lform
bacteria and to provide a scientific basis for clinical diagnosis and treatment. Methods: With the paper dispersion method and
tube dilution method, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, E. coli and Shigella were induced by antibiotics in the
laboratory. Results: Cefazolin, cefoperazone, ampicillin, piperacillin and levofloxacin could induce Pseudominas aeruginosa, E. coli
and Shigella to some degree to form corresponding L-form bacteria. L-form Staphylococcus aureus under the same condition wasn't
induced. Conclusion: Some antibiotics under certain conditions could make some bacteria lose cell walls and become L- form
bacteria, and then change their biological characteristics, which the clinical diagnosis and treatment should attach importance to.

Treatment and Prevention of Complications after Digital Forming Titanium Plate Cranioplasty

Cheng Jianjie, Chen Canzhong, Miao Zheng, Wang Canming, Chen Aifeng, Zhang Rui

2015, 14(2):  24-26. 

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Objective: To explore the common complications and prevention after the application of digital forming titanium plate
cranioplasty to decompressive craniectomy. Methods: To summarize the causes of postoperative complications and treatment by
reviewing the clinical data from 86 cases with digital forming titanium plate cranioplasty. Results: 14 patients had different degrees of
complications, including 2 cases of secondary hemorrhage, 4 cases of subcutaneous hydrops, 2 cases of titanium plate exposure and 6 cases of secondary epilepsy. Conclusion: Digital forming titanium plate cranioplasty was the conventional surgery of skull defects and reducing complications was important for improving the success rate of surgery.

Holmium Laser Combined with Choledochoscopy for the Treatment of Refractory Bile Duct Stones

Xiao Jin, Zhao Lirong, Tang Bohua, Li Hongfa

2015, 14(2):  27-28. 

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Objective: To discuss curative effect of holmium laser combined with choledochoscopy for the treatment of refractory bile
duct stones. Methods: 14 patients with refractory bile duct stones, 3 months or more after surgery, were treated, firstly using
choledochoscopy to locate stones through T-tube sinus tract, then breaking up stones with holmium laser lithotrity, and irrigating and removing with saline solution and basket extraction. Results: Stones were removed successfully in all 14 cases without injury of the bile duct wall, bleeding or perforation after the surgery. Conclusion: Holmium laser combined with choledochoscopy for the treatment of refractory bile duct stones was an economical method with slight injury and rapid recovery, and provided a new treatment for refractory bile duct stones.

The Five-year Experience of Using Different Surgical Treatments for Hypospadias

Wen Guicheng

2015, 14(2):  29-32. 

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Objective: To summarize the experience of using different surgical treatments for hypospadias and provide reference for
the choice of clinical operations. Methods: This paper made a retrospective analysis of 52 cases of hypospadias from 2009 to 2014
treated by MAGPI, Onlay, Duckett, Duckett+Onlay, Flip+Flap and bladder mucosa grafting. Results: The cure rates of six treatments
depended on the severity of hypospadias, according to the statistical analysis of 52 cases. The success rate of MAGPI was highest, with only 25.0% incidence rate of postoperative urethral stricture and no urinary fistula. The incidence rate of postoperative urethral
stricture and urinary fistula was high with Flip+Flap. Conlusion: It is suggested that operation indications should be grasped strictly
and the operative method be determined flexibly according to the type of hypospadias in children, which could improve the success rate of surgery and reduce the incidence of surgical complications.

A Study of Pathogenic Related Factors of Neonatal Dacryocystitis in Yuxi

Zhao Huiqiong, Dong Liping

2015, 14(2):  33-35. 

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Objective: To discuss reasons for neonatal dacryocystitis, especially the relationship between neonatal dacryocystitis and
cesarean delivery. Methods: The statistical analysis of relevant data from 316 cases of neonatal dacryocystitis from June 2010 to June 2013 was carried out and relevance of all the factors to neonatal dacryocystitis was explored. Results: The attack of neonatal
dacryocystitis was likely to be relevant to factors such as cesarean delivery, high myopia pregnancy, birth weight, premature delivery, drug use during pregnancy and severe pregnancy reaction, among which, the largest number of babies were those born by cesarean. It still needed a further study whether the attack of neonatal dacryocystitis was relevant to the children's family. Conclusion: The ways of strengthening health care during pregnancy, strengthening the parturition education, encouraging natural delivery and having a correct view of cesarean delivery could reduce the risks of neonatal dacryocystitis.

The Distribution and Drug Resistance of Pathogenic Bacteria in Blood Culture

Li Ling, Zhang Qunzhi

2015, 14(2):  36-40. 

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Objective: To understand the distribution and drug resistance of pathogenic bacteria in blood culture, and provide a
reference basis for clinical treatment of infectious diseases. Methods: Bact/Alert 3D system was used for blood culture, the
identification of bacteria and susceptibility test were performed by VITEK- 2 Compact identification system and the Kirby-Bauer
method; the distribution and drug resistance of pathogenic bacteria were analyzed statistically. Results: 391 strains of pathogenic
bacteria were isolated in 4 758 specimens of blood culture, with the positive rate of 8.22%. Of 391 strains were 197 strains of Gramnegative bacillus, with the highest positive rate of E. coli（131 strains）, followed by Pneumonia klebsiella bacteria（21 strains）and Onion burkholderia bacteria（10 strains）, and 182 strains of Gram-positive coccus, with three highest positive rate of bacteria in order i.e. Staphylococcus epidermidis（53 strains）, Staphylococcus hominis（39 strains）and Staphylococcus aureus（22 strains）. The resistant rates of E. coli to ampicillin, ceftriaxone were 94.92%, 81.36%, 63.49% respectively. The resistant rates of Staphylococcus epidermidis to penicillin G, erythromycin, compound sulfamethoxazole were as high as 95.65%, 75.51%. Conclusion: A variety of pathogenic bacteria in blood culture were found, of which E. coli and Coagulase negative staphylococci were dominant and they had a high drug resistant rate to the common antibiotics. The monitoring of the drug resistance should be strengthened and antibiotics should be reasonably selected based on the result of drug sensitivity test.

Clinical Analysis of the Relationship between Balanced Chromosomal Translocation
and Abnormal Pregnancy

Shen Hongxia, Yin Kun

2015, 14(2):  41-43. 

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Objective: To investigate 2 450 patients' chromosomes with a history of abnormal pregnancy such as spontaneous
abortion, fetal death, teratism, and oligospermia and to explore the relationship between balanced chromosomal translocation and
abnormal pregnancy. Methods: Chromosomal analysis was made by peripheral lymphocytes culture and G-banding. Results: 22 cases of balanced translocation were discovered（3 cases of robertsonian translocation）accounting for 0.90%. Spontaneous abortion, fetal death, teratism, and oligospermia were main manifestations of abnormal pregnancy. Conclusion: Balanced chromosomal translocation was a major reason for abnormal pregnancy. Examination of heredity and prepotency, prenatal diagnosis, guidance on assisted production were necessary for balanced chromosomal translocation carriers.

A Study on the Distribution and Resistance of Common Pathogen in a Second Grade Hospital

Dong Liwen

2015, 14(2):  44-46. 

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Objective: To investigate the tendency of bacterial distribution and drug resistance of common pathogen in this hospital.
Methods: The VITEK2 Compact system was used to identify main pathogenic bacteria isolated from specimens of infected patients
from August 2012 to July 2013 and the drug sensitivity test was done. Results: 659 strains of pathogenic bacteria were isolated,
including 393 strains of gram-negative bacteria, accounting for 59.64%, 128 strains of gram-positive bacteria, accounting for 19.42%
and 138 strains of fungi, accounting for 20.94%. The drug resistance rates of E.coli to ampicillin, gentamicin, cefepime, ceftriaxone,
aztreonam, selectrin and tetracycline, Klebsiella pneumoniae to ampicillin, piperacillin, and nitrofurantoin, Pseudominas aeruginosa to ampicillin, tetracycline, ceftriaxone and cefazolin, Staphylococcus aureus to penicillin, Staphylococcus epidermidis to selectrin and
penicillin etc, increased gradually. Conclusion: Gram-negative bacteria are mainly E.coli and Gram-positive bacteria are mainly
Staphylococcus epidermis. Keeping track of the changes of the bacteria and keeping their resistance under continuous surveillance are effective ways to give guidance to the rational use of clinical antibacterial drugs.

Surveillance and Analysis of Bacterial Resistance in Yunnan Kungang Hospital in the Third
and Fourth Quarter of 2013

Du Qiong

2015, 14(2):  47-50. 

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Objective: To analyze the bacterial resistance in Yunnan Kungang Hospital in the third and fourth quarter of 2013 and to
provide a solid basis for clinical treatment. Methods: The VITEK-2 Compact system was used to identify bacteria and the drug
sensitivity test was done by the broth microdilution method according to CLSI's 2013 standards for antimicrobial susceptibility testing.Results: 3 920 specimens were received by Department of Laboratory in two quarters and among them, 953 strains of pathogenic bacteria were identified with the positive rate of 24.3%. The top five pathegens were 263 strains of E.coli, 112 strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae, 56 strains of Staphylococcus aureus, 48 strains of Pseudominas aeruginosa and 41 strains of Acinetobacter baumannii. The drug resistance rates of E.coli to selectrin and ampicillin were 93.6% and 100.0%, Klebsiella pneumoniae to selectrin and piperacillin were 100.0% and 96.4%, Acinetobacter baumannii to cefazolin and selectrin were over 75.0%, Staphylococcus aureus to penicillin P was 90.3%，Staphylococcus aureus to vancomycin was not found, Pseudominas aeruginosa to ampicillin, ceftriaxone and cefazolin were all 100.0%. Conclusion: Based on the bacterial resistance tendency in our hospital and by reference to our antibiotic catalogue and their instructions, antibiotics should be chosen properly in order to decrease or retard the production of resistant strains.

An Analysis of Ultrasound Diagnosis and Clinical Manifestation of Ectopic Pregnancy

Pang Xingmei, Chen Duanzhen, He Weiyaozhen, Song Wenjuan, Dong Zhijian

2015, 14(2):  51-53. 

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Objective: To improve the positive rate of ectopic pregnancy by analyzing the ultrasound diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy
and its clinical manifestation. Methods: A retrospective analysis of the ultrasound diagnosis and clinical manifestation of 125 cases of ectopic pregnancy diagnosed by ultrasound was made. Results: 125 ectopic pregnancy cases were treated by operations, among whom 122 cases were pathologically confirmed, with the diagnostic accordance rate of 97.6%, and 4 cases were misdiagnosed, accounting for 3.2%. Postoperative diagnosis results: 118 cases of tubal pregnancy, accounting for 96.8%, 4 cases of cornual pregnancy, 3.2%; 5 cases of rupture type, 4.0%; 67 cases of non-rupture type, 54.9%; 50 cases of abortion type, making up 40.9%. Conclusion: Ultrasound examination is the preferred method for diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy. In the process of diagnosis, ultrasonogram combined with a comprehensive analysis of medical history, signs and clinical manifestation is essential to reduce the misdiagnosis or missed diagnosis and to improve the positive rate of ultrasound diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy.

Analysis of the Application of Echocardiography in Closure of Atrial Septal Defects

An Qionghui, Liu Qingqing

2015, 14(2):  54-56. 

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Objective: To study the value of echocardiography in closure of atrial septal defects. Methods: Analysis was made on preoperative and intraoperative diameter of defects, shunt, postoperative residual shunt, the size of the heart and pulmonary arterial pressure in 40 cases treated by closure of atrial septal defects. Results: Closure was successfully achieved only once in all 40 cases,with the 100% success rate. After 6-month postoperative follow-up monitoring, no residual shunt was observed and the effect was apparent. Patent ductus arteriosus was found only in 1 case because of missed diagnosis, and the right heart of another woman case of 42 years old was observed still big and moderate pulmonary hypertension was also observed when reexamined in 6 months' time.
Conclusion: Echocardiography in the treatment of atrial septal defects could accurately assess the defect size, provide reference for the choice of occluders, guide the embedding of the occluder in real time and evaluate the recovery of the patients, and it was an
indispensable monitoring way of closure of atrial septal defects.

Comparison between Routine Electroencephalogram and Ambulatory Electroencephalogram in
Convulsions during Sleep

Yang Zhilan, Zhao Xiang, Yin Lefen, Song Lijun

2015, 14(2):  57-59. 

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Objective: To compare routine electroencephalogram （REEG） and 24 - hour ambulatory electroencephalogram
（AEEG）in convulsions during sleep（including convulsions during sleep and when awake）, detect epileptiform discharges and
epileptic discharges and instruct clinicians to determine the kind of EEG. Methods: REEG（Group One） was used to record
electroencephalogram of 268 cases awake, AEEG（Group Two）was used to record 24-hour electroencephalogram of 103 cases during sleep and when awake , 75 cases of whome had been in Group One and transferred to Group Two after being examined negative.Epileptiform discharges and epileptic discharges of the two groups were compared. Results: 56 cases（20.90%）with epileptiform discharges were found in Group One and 73 cases（70.87%）with epileptiform discharges were found in Group Two. 3 cases（1.12%） with epileptic discharges were found in Group One and 13 cases（12.62%）with epileptic discharges were found in Group Two.Conclusion: Epileptiform discharges and epileptic discharges in AEEG were remarkably higher than in REEG （P<0.01）. For convulsions during sleep（including convulsions during sleep and when awake）, 24-hour AEEG was better than REEG.

Isolation and Molecular Identification of Bacteria from Yunnan Traditionally Fermented Douchi

Zheng Duoduo, Wang Wensi, Yang Zhongping, Fu Xiaoping, Li Lingfei

2015, 14(2):  60-63. 

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Objective: To study Yunnan traditionally fermented Douchi and to identify kinds of bacteria in it. Methods: The bacteria were isolated from Douchi by the dilution method, and 130 strains of bacteria were randomly selected and identified by the molecular methods. Results: 130 strains isolated belonged to 3 genera and 5 species, including 3 species of the genus Bacillus, 1 species of the genus Staphylococcus, and 1 species of the genus Enterobacter. Bacillus subtilis accounting for 79.23% was the dominant species of all the bacteria from Yunnan traditionally fermented Douchi. Conclusion: Bacillus subtilis was expected as the main strain for Yunnan Douchi to be purely fermented.

Investigation and Analysis of Accidental Injuries among Undergraduates in 2011 to 2012

Yang Yixing, Zhang Tai, Li You

2015, 14(2):  64-67. 

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Objective: To investigate and analyze epidemiological characteristics of accidental injuries among undergraduates in a
university in Dali and propose reasonable interventions according to Dali University's situation and provide a scientific basis for
preventing injuries. Methods: 980 undergraduates from 4 grades in Dali University were selected by stratified cluster random sampling and surveyed by self-designed questionnaires. Results: The average incidence rate of injuries in 2011 to 2012 was 48.7%. The rates in male and female undergraduates were 30.9% and 69.1% respectively, and the incidence rate of sports injuries in female students was obviously higher than in male students with a statistically significant difference（χ2=23.4, P=0.00）. The incidence rates of freshman,sophomores, juniors and seniors were 6.7%, 48.5%, 28.8% and 15.9% respectively. The top five types of injuries in turn were sports injuries, injuries from falls, collision injuries, injuries from blunt or sharp instruments and animal or insect bites. The difference between two genders in the incidence rate of sports injuries was statistically significant（χ2=23.4, P=0.00）. The top six injuries with overall highest incidence rates in all grades were sports injuries, injuries from falls, collision injuries, injuries from blunt or sharp instruments, animal or insect bites and burns. The difference among four grades in the incidence rate of injuries from traffic accidents was statistically significant（χ2=8.84, P=0.03）. Conclusion: The incidence rate of accidental injuries among undergraduates was high so health education about preventing accidental injuries should be strengthened combined with the college's situation, to raise undergraduates' consciousness of self-protection.

Application of Comprehensive Nursing Intervention in Patients with Coronary Heart Diseases

Li Jingzhu

2015, 14(2):  68-71. 

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Objective: To explore the effect of nursing intervention in the treatment of coronary heart diseases. Methods: 484 cases
with coronary heart diseases from January 2013 to June 2014, were randomly divided into the experimental group and the control
group. The control group was treated by routine nursing care and the experimental group was treated by comprehensive nursing
intervention based on routine nursing care. Comparison of two groups' clinical symptoms and the incidence of complications was made.Results: Clinical symptoms and complications of the experimental group were significantly lower than the control group and the difference was statistically significant（P < 0.05）Conclusion: The comprehensive nursing intervention could reduce the clinical
symptoms and the incidence of complications in patients with coronary heart diseases, so it was worthy of clinical application.

A Study of the Perioperative Nursing Care of Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy Patients

Yang Chunfang

2015, 14(2):  72-73. 

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Objective: To discuss the perioperative nursing care of patients who underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Methods:
127 patients with gallstone admitted by the department of general surgery were treated by laparoscopic cholecystectomy and received the perioperative nursing care. Results: Among 127 cases, laparoscopic cholecystectomy in 123 cases was successful, 4 cases had intraoperative bleeding and underwent the conversion to open cholecystectomy. The rest of the patients were discharged from hospital after recovery with wounds healed very well. Conclusion: Complete and detailed nursing care was the key to improving the cure rate and to successful operations.

Investigation and Analysis of Psychological Status of New Nurses of Psychiatric Department

Zhao Qiongxian

2015, 14(2):  74-76. 

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Objective: To understand the psychological status of new psychiatric nurses and provide necessary information for
standardizing professional training and keeping the nurse team stable. Methods: Self-designed questionnaires were used to survey 57 psychiatric nurses with less than 5 years' working experience and two groups of nurses were compared, i.e. nurses with 1 year or less working experience and nurses with over 1 year working experience. Results: How long nurses had worked was an important factor influencing their psychological status. 85.7% of the nurses with 1 year or less working experience were worried about being attacked and hurt by patients, 71.4% were worried about their ability to handle emergencies when working shifts alone, and 66.7% believed they had limited psychiatric knowledge. Nurses with over 1 year working experience were concerned about their career planning and limited social support for psychiatric nursing work. Conclusion: According to new psychiatric nurses' psychological characteristics, standard training plans were developed, training with strong orientation and clinical teaching were carried out in order to help nurses to be familiar with their work environment as soon as possible, to master nursing skills, adapt to their work and provide high-quality service for people with mental illness.

Analysis of Causes and Countermeasures of Falls of Elderly Patients

Lin Guimei

2015, 14(2):  77-79. 

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Objective: To explore the causes of falls of elderly patients and put forward measures for preventing the falls. Methods:
Causes of falls are analyzed from the aspects of physiology, diseases, psychology, medicine, environment and nursing and medical staff,and corresponding measures are proposed. Results: To reduce the risk of falls of elderly patients, improve their nursing safety in hospital and reduce medical disputes. Conclusion: Effective nursing and preventive measures can reduce the risk of falls of elderly patients.

Analysis of Causes and Strategies of Low Professional Qualities of Nurses in Basic Level Hospitals

Zhao Yuan, Zhang Xiaolan

2015, 14(2):  80-82. 

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Objective: To analyze causes of low professional qualities of nurses in basic level hospitals and propose the strategies.
Methods: The method of literature research was adopted to explore the causes and strategies. Results: The main reasons for the low professional qualities of nurses in basic level hospitals are shortage of nursing talents, unreasonable structures and talent flow.
Conclusion: Only by enhancing the policy guidance, improving structures of nursing talents and reducing talent flow can the
professional qualities of nurses and patient's satisfaction level be raised.

Practice and Thoughts on Constructing the School-level Excellent Course "Environmental Hygiene"
in Dali University

Zhang Tai, Yang Yixing, Li You, He Zuoshun

2015, 14(2):  83-86. 

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Objective: To perform the function of the excellent course as the demonstration course by means of curriculum
construction with the construction of excellent courses being an important part of teaching quality and teaching reform in universities.Methods: This paper makes a review and a summary of the practice from 2011 to 2014 in constructing the school-level excellent course "Environmental Hygiene" in Dali University. Results: After 4 years' construction, improvements have been achieved in construction planning, reforms in the curriculum system and content, teaching methods, assessment modes and content, construction of the team and teaching staff and practice teaching. Conclusion: Curriculum development will have a new chance so the construction of curriculum system and the cultivation of the talents for the subject should be further strengthened.

Practice and Exploration of "Medical Biochemistry" Teaching for International Students from South Asia
in Dali University

Xiong Wei, Zhang Xiaojuan, Zhou Jinghua, Liu Yunchun, Zuo Shaoyuan

2015, 14(2):  87-89. 

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Objective: To explore and improve the "Medical Biochemistry" teaching mode for international students from South Asia
in Dali University and to improve the teaching quality. Methods: Based on many years of teaching experiences, teachers' ability,
teaching books, teaching methods and principles are discussed and summarized. Results: Developing excellent teachers is the premise,selecting proper English books is the guarantee of our teaching, using flexible and various teaching methods is the key factor andn focusing on students with teachers as assistants in class is the principle of teaching. Conclusion: Teaching experiences in practice for international medical students from South Asia in Dali University are summarized, but teaching quality should be further improved in future teaching activities.

Thoughts on Teaching Management of South Asian Students in Dali University

Wang Jing

2015, 14(2):  90-92. 

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Based on the teaching management practice of foreign students of clinical medicine with all English in teaching in Dali
University, this paper explores the theory and practice in curriculum system construction, teacher training and foreign students
management, and conducts a review of problems in teaching management and ways of improvement with the aim of increasing the level of teaching management of South Asian students.