Table of Content

15 June 2012, Volume 11 Issue 6

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Human Bioequivalence Study of Domestic and Imported Flupentixol and Melitracen Tablets

ZHANG Yu-Zhe, MENG Qing-Fang, CHENG Yuan-Guo

2012, 11(6):  1-4. 

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Objective: To study the pharmacokinetics and bioequivalence of domestic and imported Flupentixol and Melitracen tablets in healthy subjects. Methods: Twenty-two healthy male subjects in a randomized crossover design were given a single oral dose of 10 mg domestic and imported Flupentixol and Melitracen tablets. Plasma concentrations of the subjects were determined by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry（LC-MS/MS）. The pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated applied SigmaPLot 2001 and Origin 6.0 software. Results: The main pharmacokinetic parameters of domestic and imported Flupentixol and Melitracen were as follows. Flupentixol: Cmax were 164.8 ±55.2 and 161.5 ±51.9 pg·mL^-1; Tmax were 9.0 ±4.5 and 9.6 ±3.9 h; AUC_0→t were 5 622 ±2 243 and 5 412 ±1 677 pg·h^-1, respectively. Melitracen: C_max were 10.9 ±6.2 and 9.6 4±.4 ng·mL^-1; T_max were 4.7 ±0.9 and 4.4 1.±1 h; AUC_0→t were 312 1±55 and 291 ±139 ng·h^-1, respectively. The statistic analysis of two formulations was conducted by analysis of variance, two one-sided tests and confidence intervals, which demonstrated that there were no significant differences between domestic and imported formulations in main pharmacokinetic parameters （P > 0.05）. The mean relative bioavailability of
domestic formulation of Flupentixol was 105.42 ±22.23%, and Melitracen was 107.29 ±20.40% （n=24）. Conclusion: The domestic Flupentixol and Melitracen are bioequivalent to the imported formulation.

Research Progress on Active Fractions and Monomers from Natural Drugs in the Treatment of Liver Fibrosis

GAO Peng-Fei, LIU Wei-Hong, LI Feng-Xian, LI Hui, DU Yi-Min, LIU Jing-Jing, WU Xiu-Mei, ZHAO Yu, LIU Guang-Ming

2012, 11(6):  5-11. 

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Objective: To review the recent research progress domestic and abroad of the utilization of natural drugs for the treatment of liver fibrosis. Methods:Thirty-four reported natural drugs were summarized and classified into alkaloids, total flavonoids and total phenolics, single phenolics, terpenoids and its glycosides and steroids, lignanoids, amino acids and heterocyclic, polypeptides/glycopeptides and coumarins. Results: Thirty-four reported natural drugs all have certain effect for the treatment of liver fibrosis.Conclusion: The prospect of the research and development of the new natural drugs against liver fibrosis were discussed.

Simultaneous Determination of Berberine Hydrochloride and Baicalin in Mingmushangqing Tablets by HPLC

ZHOU Ping, ZHOU Nong, ZHANG Hai-Zhu

2012, 11(6):  12-15. 

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 Objective:To establish a high performance liquid chromatography（HPLC）method for the simultaneous determination of berberine hydrochloride and baicalin in Mingmushangqing tablets. Methods: HPLC was carried out with indexes of Agilent Zorbax Exlipse XDB-C18（4.6 mm×250 mm, 5 μm）, column temperature at 25 ^oC, the mobile phase of methanol-0.2 % phosphoric acid（55:45）, flow rate at 1.0 mL·min^-1, and detection wavelength at 265 nm. Results：The method showed good linear relationships within the range of 1.02-20.40 μg·mL^-1 （r =0.999 9）for berberine hydrochloride and 4.54-90.80 μg·mL^-1 （r =0.999 8）for baicalin,respectively. The average recoveries were 99.2%（Relative Standard Deviation RSD=1.1%）and 101.2%（RSD=1.6%）. Conclusion:The method described above is simple, accurate and reproducible which could be used for the quality control of Mingmushangqing tablets.

Cell Proliferation Effect of Periplaneta americana Extracts on Hepatic Stellate Cells

ZHANG Xiao-Xue, LI Chun-Yan, XU Jing, LEI Zhan-Ping, DUAN Yun-Zhong, LAI Yong

2012, 11(6):  16-19. 

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Objective: To study the proliferation effects of Periplaneta americana extracts （samples I, II, III）on rat hepatic stellate cell lines （HSC-T6）in vitro. Methods: HSC-T6 proliferation under the treatment of Periplaneta americana extracts in different concentration and time was determined by MTT method. Results: Compared with the control group, HSC-T6 proliferation was inhibited by sample I with time dependence and reached the peak at 72 hours with concentration dependence within a certain range. Sample IIshowed the same inhibitory pattern but with less effect. Sample III showed a particular inhibition effect in 24 hours, and no effect at other time points. Conclusion: The samples I, II, III can inhibit hepatic stellate cell proliferation, which may be a potential drug for prevention and treatment of liver fibrosis.

Effect of Bolete on Mice Immune Function

WANG Tao, LI Li-Juan, SHEN Yuan-Ying

2012, 11(6):  20-22. 

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Objective: To observe the effect of bolete on immune function of mice. Methods: Intragastric administration of bolete in aqueous solution or in lipid solution into the mice for 10 days consecutively. Organ weight of thymus and spleen, phagocytic capacity of macrophage, proliferation of T lymphocyte and cytokines inducement were investigated. Results: Indexes of lipid solution group were higher compared with that of aqueous group. Bolete manifested obvious effect on immunologic enhancement of female mice compared with the male mice. Conclusion: Bolete could enhance immune function and show anti-tumor effect in mice.

Determination of Forsythin in Xiaoerjinqiao Granules by HPLC

LI Zhi-Cheng, DENG Tao, YANG Yong-Shou

2012, 11(6):  23-25. 

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Objective: To establish a method to determine the content of Forsythin in Xiaoerjinqiao Granules. Methods: High performance liquid chromatography （HPLC）was applied with the condition of 0.1% phosphoric acid-acetonitrile as mobile phase for gradient elution, the flow rate was 1.0 mL/min, the detection wavelength was 277 nm. Results: The calibration curve was linear in the range of 0.5-5.0 μg for Forsythin, r=0.999 9; the average recovery was 99.3%, and relative standard deviation RSD=0.25%（n=6）.Conclusion: The established method is accurate and reliable, and can be used to determine the Forsythin in Xiaoerjinqiao Granules.

Study on 30-Days of Tangzhikang Tablets Feeding in SD Rats

ZUO Shao-Yuan, QIAN Jin-Fu

2012, 11(6):  26-29. 

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Objective: To observe the toxicological safety on functional food of Tangzhikang tablets. Methods: The SD ablactated rats were randomly divided into four groups. The control group was fed with basic diet. Three experimental groups were fed with basic diet mixed with Tangzhikang tablets with the dose of 1 875, 3 750 and 7 500 mg/kg on body weight for 30 days, respectively. The corresponding indexes of each group were measured. Results: During and at the end of the experiment, the body weight, food utilization rate, full blood count, blood biochemistry, and organ/body weigh ratios had no significant differences among the four groups.Furthermore, the histopathological examination showed that there were no significant changes in liver, kidney, stomach, intestines,spleen, testicle and ovary among the 4 groups. Conclusion: Tangzhikang tablet has no acute toxic effect and is a safe functional food on rats' growth, development, metabolism and viscera organs.

Study on Serotype Distribution and Drug Resistance of Shigellae in Dali

WANG Guo-Fu, XUE Shi-Peng, BAI Li, WU Li-Xian

2012, 11(6):  30-31. 

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Objective: To investigate the serotype distribution of Shigellae in Dali and evaluate the resistance of Shigellae to 12 common used drugs. Methods: Serotypes of 68 isolated and identified strains of Shigellae were measured. K-B test was applied to define the drug-resistance of Shigellae to 12 different drugs. Results: Among 68 strains examined, 41 were Shigella Flexner, 25 were Shigella sonnei and 2 were Shigella boydii identified by serotype. Shigellae showed the highest drug resistance to nalidixic acid, with followed sulfalene and nalidixic and varying extents of drug resistance to quinolones; Shigellae was sensitive to ceftriaxone and cefotaxime. Conclusion: These results suggest that Shigella Flexner is the main infection strains in Dali and ceftriaxone and cefotaxime should be preferred in the treatment with Shigellae.

Effect of Allicin on the Proliferation of Human Lung Adenocarcinoma Cell SLC-89

ZHONG Yan-Ling, LI Wei-Zhen, ZHAO Su-Mei, LIU Chun-Sheng, ZHANG Yong-Yun

2012, 11(6):  32-34. 

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Objective: To investigate the effect of allicin on proliferation of human lung adenocarcinoma cell line （SLC-89）.Methods: SLC-89 cells were cultured under different doses of allicin for 72 h, the 50 % inhibitory concentration （IC50）was measured by MTT method. SLC-89 cells were then cultured with allicin at dose IC50, IC50/2, IC50/4 for 72 h, respectively, telomerase activities of the treated cells were measured by Telomeric Repeat Amplification Protocol with ELISA（TRAP-ELISA）, and expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen（PCNA）of the treated cells were tested by flow cytometry. Results: Allicin inhibited proliferation of SLC-89 with IC50 of 79.8 μg/mL. Allicin at dose of IC50 and IC50/2 significantly inhibited telomerase activity of SLC-89 cells, and Allicin at dose of IC50, IC50/2 and IC50/4 significantly inhibited the expression of PCNA of SLC-89 cells. Conclusion: Allicin could
inhibit proliferation of SLC-89 cells, compared to the telomerase activity, the expression of PCNA could be down-regulated more easily than by Allicin.

Research Progress on the Biological Activity of Plant Polysaccharides

ZHOU Jing-Hua, ZUO Shao-Yuan

2012, 11(6):  35-37. 

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Objective: To review the research progress on the biological activity of plant polysaccharides. Methods: Relative literatures on the biological activity of plant polysaccharides domestic and abroad were reviewed. Results: Various biological activities including immunomodulatory and anti-virus effects were found in the plant polysaccharides. Conclusion: Plant polysaccharides is a great potency in clinical application.

Mental Health Analysis of the Impoverished and Non-Imporverished Medical Students in Dali University

CHA Tian-Hai, LI Gui-Xian, QIAN Shi-Cong, SHI Yu-Xia, HE Ye, LI Li-Juan

2012, 11(6):  38-40. 

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Objective: To investigate the mental health of the impoverished and non-impoverished medical students in Xiaguan Campus of Dali university. Methods: With stratified random sampling method, SCL-90 was used to evaluate the impoverished and non -impoverished students of different specialties, grades and genders in Xiaguan Campus. Results: There were statistical significance in such factors as total and average scores, somatization, interpersonal sensitivity, phobia between the impoverished and non-impoverished students, and all statistical indexes of the impoverished students were higher than those of the non-impoverished. While factors as obssessive-compulsive, depression, anxiety, hostility, paranoid and schizophrenia had no statistical significance.
Conclusion: The evaluation scores of the impoverished students' mental health indexes, which may be related with their family condition, specialty and grade, were partially lower than those of the non-impoverished students.

Determination and Analysis of the Arsenic Content in the Bulk Food Wrapping Paper in Dali

YANG Yi-Xing, ZHANG Tai, HE Lei

2012, 11(6):  41-43. 

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Objective: To investigate the content of arsenic in the bulk food wrapping paper in Dali. Methods: Arsenic content in the bulk food wrapping paper was determined by silver diethyl-dithiocarbamate method. Results: There were 16 kinds of bulk food wrapping paper in survey, arsenic was found in 12 samples and the detection rate was 75%, all 12 samples met the national standard of arsenic content, the pass rate was 100%. Detection rates were significantly different in samples from the major supermarkets to the bulk-stores, however, there was no difference of the arsenic content among samples from supermarkets and the bulk-stores. The contents of printing ink were also different in samples from the major supermarkets to the bulk-stores, but with the same pass rate. Conclusion: The sanitation status of bulk food wrapping paper in Dali is good but with relatively high content of arsenic, to which the health supervision departments should pay attention.

Clinical Effect of the Argon Plasma Coagulation in Endoscopic Treatment of Esophageal Achalasia

WANG Shao-Hua, ZHAO Run-Fang, SHA Li-Ping, SONG Chi, LI Yu-Shun

2012, 11(6):  44-45. 

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Objective: To explore the treatment effect of the argon plasma coagulation （APC）in the endoscopic treatment of esophageal achalasia. Methods: Twelve patients diagnosed as achalasia with barium meal and endoscopy from Jan 2010 to Jan 2012 were treated with APC. The single operating interval time was 1-3 seconds，treatment numbers were dependent on the depth of the partial tissue coagulation （general chosed 4 ring coagulation points, appropriate depth of 0.2-0.3 cm, 10 mL of 1:5 norepinephrine saline was applied intra-operatively）. Patients were then treated with pharmacological hematischesis and anti-infection therapy, as well as the liquid diet for 3 days postoperatively. Patients left hospital after 7-days observation. All the cases were followed up by barium meal and endoscopy examination in 1-3 months after APC. Results: Two cases were lost in 12 patients, the other 10 patients, whose clinical symptoms were disappeared, were not found esophageal achalasia recurrence by barium meal and endoscopy.Conclusion: APC is a new technique and it is an effective and convenient method in esophageal achalasia treatment, which should be
widely applied.

Clinical Analysis of Six Cases of Reconstructive Surgery of Orbital Blowout Fracture

ZHAO Hui-Qiong, YANG Yong-Fu, LIU Sha-Li, LIN Lan-Zhen, WANG Wen-Ji

2012, 11(6):  46-49. 

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Objective: To investigate the clinical effect and surgical method of high density porous polyethylene（Medpor） implantation in repair of orbital blowout fracture. Methods: Six cases of orbital blowout fracture with operative indications underwent repair operation by Medpor implantation, then the curative effect and postoperative complication were evaluated. Results: In the 3-24 months of follow-up, the eyesight of all cases was improved after surgical vision correction. Diplopia disappeared in 2 cases, improved in 2 cases; 4 cases of patients have reached a cure standard on enophthalmos. Eyeball movement disorder symptom in 1 case cured, improved in 3 cases; with CT examination, no shift and prolapse of Medpor were observed, and Medpor successfully covered fracture hole. Conclusion: The operation could be completed under local anaesthetic in adults, Medpor is the ideal material and Medpor implantation is an effective way to cured blowout orbital fracture.

Clinical Analysis of Two Surgical Treatments for Chronic Tonsillitis in Children

HE Yong-Gang

2012, 11(6):  50-52. 

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Objective: To optimize the surgical treatments of chronic tonsillitis in children with different operative methods and reduced complications and medical costs. Methods: Five hundreds of chronic tonsillitis children aged 5 -11 treated with non -anesthesia guillotine method of tonsillectomy or tonsil resection under general anesthesia in Chuxiong Affiliated Hospital of Dali University from January 1996 to February 2011 were enrolled in the research, clinical data were performed a retrospective analysis. Results：Four hundreds cases underwent non-anesthesia guillotine method of tonsillectomy, residues were observed in 20 patients（5%）, and primary hemorrhage in 12 cases （3%）; no residue retention found in 100 cases of tonsil resection under general anesthesia, and 2 cases （2%）occurred primary hemorrhage. Conclusion: Tonsil resection under general anesthesia showed advantages on less residue retention and primary hemorrhage compared to the non-anesthesia guillotine method, but the disadvantage
on the risk of anesthesia and high medical cost.

Microsurgery Therapeutics of Pituitary Adenoma through Unilateral Endonasal Transsphenoidal

WU Wen-Xue, LI Xing-Chang, WANG Fang-You, YIN Jun-Hua, LI Qiang-Feng

2012, 11(6):  53-55. 

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Objective: To explore the operative therapy and complications on microsurgical treatment of pituitary adenoma through unilateral endonasal transsphenoidal. Methods: Clincal documents of patients who had suffered pituitary adenoma from January 2010 to October 2011 were conducted a retrospective analysis. Results: Eight patients were cured with released headache and galactorrhea absence. Conclusion: Microsurgery therapeutics of pituitary adenoma through unilateral endonasal transsphenoidal is secure, effective and with less hemorrhage and cerebral lesion, shorter surgery time, less complication, slighter postoperative response and swifter healing.

Investigation into Operative Reduction and Fixation of Zygomatic Fracture

HE Jie-Ru, YANG Wei-Dong, WANG Zhzn

2012, 11(6):  56-58. 

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Objective: To investigate the operative reduction route and fixation method of zygomatic fracture. Methods: According to at least three points （fracture line）of zygomaticomaxillary buttress, zygomaticofrontal suture, infraorbital margin, zygomaticotemporal suture and sutura zygomaticosphenoidalis, 40 cases of zygomatic fracture were repositioned and fixed by bioabsorbable plate and domestic miniature titanium plate. The effects of reduction and fixation were analyzed and evaluated. Rusults: All patients reached satisfactory outcome with ideal facial figure and occlusal functions. Conclusion: Operative reduction and fixation of zygomatic fracture should accord to at least three anatomic points （fracture line）as an ideal reference standard, reset effects could not be evaluate by the reposition of one fracture line alone. Zygomatic fracture fixation, unless in the condition of little displacement or unlikely displace again after reduction, three points fixation should be complied.

Two Case Reports of Leiomyoma of Bladder

XIAO Yu-Kun, YANG Li, FENG Bo, XIAO Zhi-Song

2012, 11(6):  59-60. 

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Objective: To explore the diagnosis and treatment of leiomyoma of bladder. Methods: We reported and discussed two cases of leiomyoma of bladder on morbidity, clinical manifestation, pathological changes, diagnosis and treatment. Results: Two cases were cured after open or endoscopic surgery, no recurrence observed in the follow-up. Conclusion: Leiomyoma of bladder is a rare non-epithelium benign tumor with good eusemia. Clinical manifestation and treatment are dependent on tumor size and localization. Its final diagnosis depends on pathological examination.

Clinical Analysis of 52 Cases of Severe Hand-Foot-Mouth Disease Complicated with Brainstem Encephalitis

FENG Rong-Xue

2012, 11(6):  61-63. 

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Objective: To summarize the early clinical characteristics, medical experience and prognosis of severe hand-foot-mouth
disease （HFMD）merger with brainstem encephalitis. Methods: Clinical data from 52 cases of severe HFMD merger with brainstem
encephalitis children were retrospectively analyzed. Results: There were 38 cases of fever （73.08 %）, 40 cases of sluggishness
（76.76 %）, 46 cases of bockigkeit（88.46 %）, 36 cases of body shaking（69.23 %）, 21 cases of instability gait（40.38 %）, 31 cases
of sleepiness （59.61 %）, and knee hyper-reflexia or disappear in 25 patients （48.07 %）. With early and active use of mannitol,
methylprednisolone and intravenous immunoglobulin （IVIG）, and early mechanical ventilation when found the pulmonary edema, all
52 cases of patients were clinically cured with no legacy of neurological sequelae. Conclusion: Severe HFMD caused by EV71 are
more likely complicated with brainstem encephalitis. High fever, sluggishness, bockigkeit, body shaking, sleepiness, cool extremities
are the major indicaters of the early damaged nerve system of severe HFMD merger with brainstem encephalitis. Early detection and
intervention can reduce disease mortality and occurrence of sequelae.

On Pneumonic Chest X-rays of Chronic Psychoses

LI Yun

2012, 11(6):  64-65. 

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Objective: To analyze chest rays of chronic psychoses affected pneumonia. Methods: Based on the analysis of chest Xrays of patients in hospital, the characteristics of pneumonia are summarized. Results: Among 120 cases, there are 30 lobar cases, 90 lobular and interstitial cases. Lobar pneumonia is the most common inflection occurring in middle and young people, their disease course usually lasts for less than 2 years. The focus of their disease lies in the middle upper right lung field, the lower left lung field is mainly in shadow. While lobular and interstitial pneumonia is the most common inflection occurring in the aged people, their disease course usually lasts for less than 4 years. The focus of their disease lies in the lower field of two lungs, mottled and striped in shadow. Conclusion:The condition of such patients is special. The clinical manifestation is invisible. So related measures should be taken, it's better to observe, test, diagnose and cure at its early stage.

Dynamic Electrocardiogram Analysis of Vagal-Related Atrioventricular Block

PAN Yi-Kun, LI Yong-Hua, ZHU Zhi-Jian

2012, 11(6):  66-67. 

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Objective: To investigate the occurrence, development and outcome of vagal-related atrioventricular block （AV block）. Methods: Clinical documents from 48 patients with vagal-related AV block were analyzed to explore the relationship and clinical significance between incidence of vagal-related AV block and age. Results: Vagal-related atrioventricular block is more common under 40 years of age, and it often occurs in the night sleep when heart rate is low. Conclusion: Vagal-related atrioventricular block is functional disorder, which is not need to do special treatment, let alone the permanent artificial pacemaker thereapy.

Theory and Method Research of Psychotherapy through Chinese Medicine

FU Yan-Fen, WANG Jian-Hua, TANG Jun, LIAO Jian-Ying, WANG Yan-Shu

2012, 11(6):  68-70. 

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Objective: The theory and method of psychotherapy through traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）are important parts of mental health service. To explore the theory and method of psychotherapy through TCM and for mental health service practitioners to learn and inherit them. Methods: Documents about psychotherapy through TCM published from 1979 to 2008 were applied with metrological and content analysis. Results: The theory of psychotherapy by TCM included the holism of body and spirit, systematic and holistic theory of five emotions, emotion pathopoiesis. Among these, emotion pathopoiesis was the most frequently used. Psychotherapy theories and menthods by TCM mostly came from ancient books on TCM, among which Huangdi's Orthodox Classic was the most  frequently quoted. Conclusion: Further exploration and sorting need to be done cooperatively by psychological and TCM practitioners.

Trust Degree of the Doctor and Its Influence on the Professional Image

WANG Yan, SUN Feng-Mei, ZHAO Ling, LIU Wen-Jun, WU Xue-Dong

2012, 11(6):  71-74. 

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Objective: To investigate doctor's diagnostic techniques and other factors that influence the trust degree to a doctor and to know the influence of trust degree on doctor's professional image. Methods: Questionnaire was made and distributed to 1 000 patients and their family members and 200 doctors from 2 tertiary hospitals and 2 secondary hospitals in Yunnan Province so as to investigate the trust degree to doctor and its influence factors. Results: 59.17% of patients and their family members held that responsible doctors earn more respect and admiration. 64.25% of the patients and their family and 57.83% of the doctors suggested that doctors had excellent medical skills, responsible and good attitude. While 78.96% of the patients and their family believed that consultation showed doctor's responsible attitude and working style to patients. Conclusion: Responsible work and excellent medical skills would both influence doctor's professional image.

Nursing in Individual Application of Atropine in Treatment of Organophosphorus Poisoning

ZHANG Li

2012, 11(6):  75-77. 

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Objective: To investigate the Clinical observation and nursing in organophosphorus poisoning treated with atropine individually. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted for 147 patients with organophosphorus poisoning treated with atropine. Results: In 147 cases of organophosphorus poisoning patients, 120 cases were successfully rescued, 20 cases leaved hospital voluntarily, 7 cases died. Conclusion: Early, sufficient and individual use of atropine are important in clinical treatment of organophosphorus poisoning patients. Close observation of the patient's condition is essential in saving the patient's life.

Role Orientation of the Blood Collecting Nurse in the Blood Bank

ZHAO Qiong-Xian

2012, 11(6):  78-80. 

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Objective: To discuss the role orientation of the blood collecting nurse in the blood bank so as to provide high-quality services for blood donors. Methods: Investigate the importance of the role orientation and the role features and define the role function of the blood collecting nurse in the blood bank. Results: Blood collecting nurse serves to propagate and recruit the blood donors, guide and teach health education to blood donors, support and help blood donation, observe and give care to the donors with adverse reactions. To successfully realize nurse's professional role, good professional ethics, communication skills, psychological quality and professional image, qualified nursing skills, efficient learning capacity and executive ability are required. Conclusion: Through an accurate role orientation can blood collecting nurse better serve blood donors and promote the retention of donors and eventually realize their own professional values.

Application of PDCA Model for Training and Management of Clinic Nursing Operation

XUE Lian, WU Kun-Li, ZHANG Jing-Ling, JIANG Xian

2012, 11(6):  82-83. 

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Objective: To explore the application effect of PDCA model for training and management of clinic nursing technique
operation, and to improve the level of operation techniques among nurses. Methods: Nursing teaching groups were established, PDCA model was applied in the whole course of 2011 nurse training and the training effect was compared to that of the 2010 training. Results: There is a statistically significant difference in standard rate between 2010 and 2011（P < 0.05）. The training effect in 2011 was superior to that in 2010. Conclusion: PDCA model which follows the process of plan, implement, inspection and evaluation has efficiently improved the level of clinical nursing operation.

Exploration and Research of the Implicit Skills in Nursing Teaching

ZHANG Lin, REN Xiang

2012, 11(6):  84-87. 

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Nursing teaching is a teaching process that aims to cultivate skill-oriented nursing talents with high quality. In the
teaching process, the nursing theory is the foundation and the nursing skill is the dominating points. The implicit knowledge of
nursing, which is difficult to express through text and graphics, is peculiar to teachers. In order to improve the quality of the nursing
teaching, the implicit skills in nursing teaching should be explored and studied.

Investigation and Analysis of Opening the Elective Course of Scientific Infanticultue in Comprehensive Universities

YAN Wen-Jing, HE Wen-Xin, LIAO Jian-Ying

2012, 11(6):  88-91. 

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Objective: To investigate the necessity of opening the elective course of scientific infanticuture in comprehensive
universities and to put forward teaching reform measures. Methods: Questionnaire was made and distributed among 179 medical
students and 178 non-medical students to investigate six aspects as general situation, teaching content, teaching method, teaching
arrangement, teaching attitude, suggestion and opinion. Then similar and different evaluations toward the course from the two groups of
students were compare and statisticized with logistic regression and chi-square test. And open questions were individually interviewed.
Results: With a satisfaction degree of 99.16% （There was no difference between medical and non-medical students. P > 0.05）,
93.56% of the students surveyed held that it's necessary to open the course. But there were differences in the purpose of course
selection, the interest to teaching content, the type of course and the popular method of teaching. Conclusion: As a general education
curriculum, scientific infanticulture opened in local comprehensive universities accords with the education objectives and is popular
among students from different specialties. Based on different students' learning demands, the course has different exploration space
and should make further improvement.

Necessity of Opening Elective Course of Medical Cosmetology in Comprehensive Universities

MA Qiong, SUN Su-Jiao, WANG Yan, DUAN Jing-Xian, CHEN Li-Hua

2012, 11(6):  92-95. 

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Objective: To explore the necessity of opening elective courses of medical cosmetology as make-up and dressing, health
and cosmetology in comprehensive universities. Methods: 356 students taking the above-mentioned elective courses were selected for
the questionnaire. And then among them, 78 students were randomly selected for a more detailed survey on the learning effect of the
courses. Results: All students surveyed considered it is necessary to open courses on cosmetology and make-up, which are very
helpful to improve students' aesthetic taste and self-confidence. Conclusion: It is necessarity to set up the elective courses of medical
cosmetology in the university. A new teaching mode, which combines students' learning needs with teaching content, could highlight
the subject characteristics and reflect the skill and practicality of the course.

Investigation into the Relationship between Family Environment and Nutritional Status of ome Rural Pupils in Xiangyun County

DONG Cheng-Yan, WANG Li-Bo, WANG Wen-Xian, YANG Yan-Fen, PU Rao-Dong, WANG Cheng-Song, JI Shou-Lian

2012, 11(6):  96-98. 

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Objective: To research the relationship between family environment and nutritional status of pupils, and provide a basis
to improve the level of primary school physical health. Methods: Three hundreds and eighty-two rural pupils in Xiangyun County
were enrolled in survey, indexes of height and weight were collected, family environment were inquired with questionnaire. Results:
With body mass index （BMI）, the malnutrition rate was 66.41% among 382 pupils. There were no significant differences between
gender, ethnic, the number of children and births in one family （P > 0.05）. Conclusion: Family environment is related to pupils'
nutrition status, special attention should be paid by the parents and the surrounding environment to improve pupils' nutrition and
health.

Survey on Occupational Hazardous Factors of Marble Production

LI Shan-shan, CHEN Jian-Rong, YIN Xiu-Hua, ZHAO Xiang-Lan, YANG Jin, ZHAO Jiang, JI Shou-Lian

2012, 11(6):  99-100. 

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Objective: To explore the occupational hazardous factors of marble production through the investigation of marble
production enterprises, and to correspondingly recommend preventive measures. Methods: Marble production plants around the North
Gate of Dali Ancient Town were enrolled in the survey. Factory environment including temperature, humidity and noise were
measured, health protective consciousness and equipments of individual worker were recorded. Results: The workers are lack of
individual health protection and the working environment of marble production is poor. Conclusion: Marble production enterprises
should pay attention to the marble factory environment standards, and vigorously promote the health protection and improve workers'
personal health protective awareness.