Table of Content

15 April 2018, Volume 3 Issue 4

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A Study on Chemical Constituents of Hypericum uralum

Liu-Jian, XIAO Chao-Jiang, ZHANG Fen-Fen, CUI Chu-Jun, LI Yang, JIANG Bei

2018, 3(4):  1-4. 

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Objective: To study the chemical constituents of Hypericum uralum. Methods: The compounds were isolated by silica gel and Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography, and their structures were elucidated based on the analyses of spectroscopic data and physicochemical properties. Results: Six compounds were obtained from the ethyl acetate fraction of 95% ethanolic extract of Hypericum uralum and identified as β- sitosterol（1）, stigmasterol（2）, daucosterol（3）, betulinic acid（4）, quercetin（5）, and epicatechin（6）. Conclusion: Compounds 1-6 were isolated from this plant for the first time.

A Study of Anti-hepatic Fibrosis Activities of Extracts from Walnut Shell of Juglans sigillata D. in Vitro

Li-Chun-Yan, CHEN Jin-Ru, DONG Shou-Tang, LIU Xi, HAO Fang-Fang, LI Dong-Mei, LI Dan-Dan

2018, 3(4):  5-11. 

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Objective: To study the anti-hepatic fibrosis effects of extracts from walnut shell of Juglans sigillata D. in vitro（HTK-D, HTK-F, HTK-DEF）. Methods: The MTT assay was used to observe the effects of the extracts from walnut shell of Juglans sigillata D. on hepatic stellate cells'（HSC）propagation and their cytotoxicity on normal human liver cell（L-02）. ELISA method was used to detect the contents of TGF-β1, collagen Ⅰ and collagen Ⅲ in the supernatant of HSC. Results: Both HTK-D and HTK -DEF（the concentration from 15.63 μg/mL to 1 000.00 μg/mL）had inhibiting effects on HSC after 48 hours and 72 hours（P＜0.05）. HTK-F（62.50 μg/mL-1 000.00 μg/mL）could inhibit the proliferation of HSC for 48,72 h（P＜0.05）. The values of CC50 were >1 000.00 μg/mL, 354.73 μg/mL, 457.09 μg/mL accordingly after L-02 was cultured with HTK-D, HTK-F and HTK-DEF respectively for 48 h. HTK-D, HTK-F and HTK-DEF could reduce the production of TGF-β1 in supernatant for 48 h at concentration between 62.50 μg/mL and 1 000.00 μg/mL in a concentration dependent manner（P＜0.05）. HTK-D, HTK-F and HTK-DEF could decrease the production of collagen Ⅰand collagen Ⅲ in supernatant at different concentration gradient（P＜0.05）. Conclusion: Extracts from walnut shell of Juglans sigillata D. in vitro have definite effects on anti- hepatic fibrosis． The mechanism may be related to inhibiting HSC propagation and reducing the production of TGF-β1, collagen Ⅰ and collagen Ⅲ.

A Study of the Quality of Cultivated and Wild Gentiana Crassicaulis ——Concurrently Discussing the Quality Standards of Gentiana Crassicaulis

Dao-Ai-En, ZHANG Xiao-Can, LI Yang, LUO Dan-Dan, DUAN Bao-Zhong

2018, 3(4):  12-16. 

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Objective: To study the differences between cultivated and wild Gentiana Crassicaulis in the aspects of character, tissue structure and chemical composition, and to provide theoretical basis and data for the revision of Gentianae macrophyllae Radix quality standards. Methods: Regular pharmacognosy methods were employed to examine the traits of medicinal parts and characters of microscopic identification. Furthermore, a HPLC method was used for quantitative analysis of bioactive components and chemical fingerprint. Results: The results showed that the differences between the cultivated and the wild Gentiana Crassicaulis were significant, while there were no significant differences between microstructures, chemical fingerprints, ethanol extracts and the content of active ingredients. Conclusion: The cultivated Gentiana Crassicaulis have a good quality, but the characters of traits don't conform to the standard of Pharmacopoeia of People's Republic of China. It's suggested that the standards should be supplemented when revised.

A Study of the Anti-lung Cancer Activities of the Extracts from Pineconeof Pinus yunnanensis Franch. in Vitro

Liu-Xi, XU Dong-Mei, CHEN Jin-Ru, GAO Bei, LI Dong-Mei, LI Chun-Yan

2018, 3(4):  17-23. 

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Objective: To study the anti-lung cancer activities of the extracts（ST-D, ST-E, ST-F, ST-DEF）from pinecone of Pinus yunnanensis Franch. in vitro. Methods: MTT was used to observe the effects of the extracts from pinecone of Pinus yunnanensis Franch. on lung cancer cell's proliferation and on normal human lung cell. Results: For 72 h, the IC50 value of ST-Donlungcancer cellsNCIH292, NCI-H661,A549,SK-MES-1,NCI-H157were＞1000.00,＞1 000.00, 630.96, 301.00, ＞1 000.00 μg/mL, respectively; the IC50 value of SF-E on those lung cancer cells were 263.02, ＞1 000.00, 240.00, 239.88, 460.00 μg/mL, respectively; the IC50 value of ST-F on those lung cancer cells were all larger than 1 000.00 μg/mL; the IC50 value of ST-DEF on those lung cancer cells were 524.80, ＞1 000.00, 380.00, 125.80, 190.00 μg/mL, respectively. After 72 h incubation of the extracts from the pinecone and MRC-5 cells, above 70% normal lung cells survived. Conclusion: The extracts from pinecone of Pinus yunnanensis Franch. have low cytotoxicity on normal lung cells. ST-D has inhibiting effects on the proliferation of A549 and SK-MES-1 cell. Apart from NCI-H661 cell, ST-E has inhibiting effects on all lung cancer cells'

A New QAMS Analytical Method for Rapid Determination of Seven Bioactive Components in Forsythia suspensa Based on UPLC

Liu-Zhang-You, LI Yang, ZHOU Yong-Feng, ZHANG Hai-Zhu

2018, 3(4):  24-30. 

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Objective: To establish a method to determine the content of seven bioactive components in Forsythia suspensa. Methods: The chromatographic parameters of UPLC were optimized. A QMAS analytical method was built, with its linear range, recovery rate, precision, stability and repeatability evaluated. Results: The mobile phase consisted of 0.1% phosphoric acid solution andacetonitrile.Thedetectionwavelengthwas277nm.Theoptimumcolumntemperaturewas30℃and the optimum speed was0.3mL/min. Chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, rutin, hyperoside, forsythoside A, phillyrin and arctigenin showed good linear relationships within the ranges of 0.009 80~0.196 00 μg（r=0.998 4）, 0.008 96~0.179 20 μg（r=0.998 9）, 0.008 00~0.240 00 μg（r=0.999 4）, 0.009 16~0.183 20 μg（r=0.999 2）, 0.020 72~0.414 40 μg（r=0.999 5）, 0.019 82~0.396 40 μg（r=0.999 1）, 0.006 96~0.139 20 μg（r=0.999 2）, and the average recoveries were 95.4%（RSD=3.78%）, 96.3%（RSD=4.61%）, 97.2%（RSD=4.04%）, 102.6%（RSD=3.91%）, 103.7%（RSD=2.37%）, 98.5%（RSD=1.99%）, 95.1%（RSD=4.58%）, respectively. Conclusion: A QMAS analytical method for seven bioactive components in Forsythia suspensa has been established, which has a high sensitivity and accuracy.

A Preliminary Study of Lipid-lowering Effects of Yunnan Purple Maca Ethanol Extract on Hyperlipidemia

CHEN Rui-Xiang, TONG Xiao-Na, WEN Jin, LI Zhuo-Ran, GUO Ling

2018, 3(4):  31-35. 

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Objective: Through establishing models of hyperlipidemia in rats, to carry out a preliminary research on lipid-lowering effects of maca. Methods: Fifty male Wistar rats of 5 weeks old were randomly divided into 2 groups, 10 in the control group and 40 in the model group. Successfully modeled rats were randomly divided into 4 groups according to body weight, with 10 rats in each group.The high-dose group was given by gavage with 0.68 g/kg of ethanol extract of maca daily; the low-dose group was given by gavage with 0.34 g/kg of ethanol extract of maca daily; the positive control group was given by gavage with 20 mg/kg of simvastatin daily. After 15-week gavage, the levels of TG, TC, HDL and LDL in rats' serum were detected. Results: The levels of TG, TC, HDL and LDL in the blank group were lower than those in the negative group; the levels of TC and LDL in the positive group were lower than those in the negative group; the levels of TC and LDL in the high-dose group were lower than those in the negative group; the level of TC in the lowdose group is lower than that in the negative group. The above results were significantly different（P <0.01）. Conclusion: Ethanol extract of maca has had lipid-lowering effects on hyperlipidemia Wistar rats. Low doses of ethanol extract can reduce the level of TC, while high doses of ethanol extract can reduce both levels of TC and LDL.

Explorations of the Preparation and Process of Fructus Trichosanthis Dropping Pills

Hong-Guo-Jun, JU Chun-Cai, YAN Hai-Yan

2018, 3(4):  36-40. 

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Objective: To optimize the preparation process of Fructus Trichosanthis dropping pills. Methods: With the cumulative value of hardness and roundness as the evaluation index, the orthogonal optimization experiment was designed according to the ratio of drug to matrix, the selection of matrix, the dropping and the condensing temperature, the selection of the dropping head, the dropping distance, the dropping speed and so on. The preparation process of Fructus Trichosanthis dropping pills was investigated. Results: The optimum forming process of dropping pills was as follows: the mass ratio of drug to matrix is 1:1.5（g/g）, PEG 4000:PEG 6000=1:5（g/g）as the matrix, and the dropping speed is 20 d/min with a dropping distance of 7 cm. Conclusion: The preparation process of the dropping pills is reasonable and the prepared dropping pills meet the relevant regulations and requirements of the 2015 edition of Pharmacopoeia of People's Republic of China.

A Study on the Development of Gastrodia elata Oral Liquid

Diao-Shui-Xian, GUO Geng-Rong, XU Qiu-Nan, JIAN Jin-Fu

2018, 3(4):  41-45. 

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Objective: To research and develop an oral liquid of Gastrodia elata which is convenient to drink and effective without any additives. Methods: According to the relevant regulations of the State Food and Drug Administration, fresh Gastrodia elata juice went through a series of processing. Finally it was sterilized and filled to be the Gastrodia elata juice oral liquid in line with the regulations. Results: Through determination, the clarity, effective content and shelf life of the oral liquid conformed to the design requirements. The preparation technology and production conditions of Gastrodia elata oral liquid were preliminarily researched and
determined. The content of gastrodin in oral liquid was 0.251 5 mg/mL. Conclusion: Preparation technology and production conditions of Gastrodia elata oral liquid have been preliminarily determined, which has provided relevant basic conditions for the formal industrial production.

HPLC Chemical Fingerprint Features of Semen Cassiae and Fried Semen Cassiae and a Comparative Study of 6 Components in Them

JU Yan, YAN Hai-Yan

2018, 3(4):  46-53. 

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Objective: To make a comparative study of the chemical fingerprint features and 6 components of Semen Cassiae and fried Semen Cassiae. Methods: The fingerprints were established by HPLC with 12 batches of Semen Cassiae and fried Semen Cassiae without hydrolysis, and the contents of aurantio-obtusin, aloe-emodine, rhein, emodin, chrysophanol and physcion were comparatively analyzed. Results: When the 12 batches of Semen Cassiae were compared with the reference fingerprints of Semen Cassiae and fried Semen Cassiae, the similarities were 0.94 and 0.67 respectively, and when the 12 batches of fried Semen Cassiae were compared with the reference fingerprints of Semen Cassiae and fried Semen Cassiae, the similarities were 0.92 and 0.62 respectively. Both had
significant differences（P<0.01）. Compared with Semen Cassiae, the contents of 6 components including aurantio-obtusin in fried Semen Cassiae increased, of which emodin, chrysophanol and physcion had statistical significance（P<0.01 or 0.05）. Conclusion: Emodin, chrysophanol and physcion without hydrolysis can be used to evaluate the content changes of internal components in Semen Cassiae before and after frying. The chemical fingerprints can be used for identification.

An Experimental Study on the L-form of Candida Albicans Induced by Antifungal Agents

GAO Zhang-Jin, WANG Fang-Kun, YIN Ji, WANG Li, YANG Xiong-Bin, YANG Xiao-Qin, GUO Li

2018, 3(4):  54-58. 

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Objective: To explore the experimental conditions for the L-form of Candida albicans induced by different antifungal agents. Methods: The L-form of Candida albicans was induced by the common antifungal agents according to the macro-liquid dilution method. The fungal cells treated with drugs were taken out for observation under microscope every day, and then for culture in SDA media. Results: After 4-day induction by using fluconazole（2 μg/mL）and amphotericin B（0.5 μg/mL）treatment, the L-form of Candida albicans can be seen under oil lens. The suspected L-form cells could pass through the bacterial filter（0.8 μm）and grow under the conditions of high osmotic pressure. Under the same condition, none of the L- form cell was observed after 7 days of fluorocytosine treatment, and they could not grow through the filter. Conclusions: The L-form of Candida albicans can be artificially induced by using some antifungal agents when the conditions are suitable.

Clinicopathological Analysis of 33 Patients with AIDS-related Lymphoma

JI Hong-Fang, TUN Bang-Chun, CHEN Dun, ZHANG Yun, LI Yuan, YANG Xuan-Chao

2018, 3(4):  59-63. 

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Objective: To summarize the clinicopathological features of AIDS-related lymphoma and discuss the characteristics of pathological type of AIDS-related lymphoma in our country. Methods: The clinicopathological characteristics of 33 patients with AIDS-related lymphoma in Infectious Diseases Hospital of Yunnan Province were analyzed retrospectively, and reviews were made on them referring to relevant literatures. Relsults: Among 33 patients with ARL, 26 cases occurred in lymph node, accounting for 79%.The majority of cases outside lymph nodes occurred in gastrointestinal tract. In total of 31 cases of NHL, 29 cases were B cell lymphoma and 2 cases were T cell lymphoma. 27 cases were DLBCL

A Study of the Association Between 3'UTR Polymorphisms of NRAMP1 Gene and Susceptibility to Pulmonary Tuberculosis Among Bai Nationality

WANG Gui-Hua, HE Lian-Fu

2018, 3(4):  64-68. 

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Objective: To explore the correlation between the genetic polymorphism of NRAMP1 3'UTR and the susceptibility to pulmonary tuberculosis of Bai nationality in Dali. Methods: PCR-RFLP was used to analyze NRAMP1 3'UTR polymorphism of 191 TB-positive and 193 healthy people of Bai nationality living in Dali in order to study whether the gene polymrphism was correlated with the susceptibility to pulmonary tuberculosis among Bai nationality. A follow- up study was also conducted after one- month treatment to analyze whether the curative effects of treatment was correlated with the gene polymorphism. Results: Both AA and GA at NRAMP1 3'UTR（OR=2.208 and 3.373, 95% CI=［1.343-3.630］and［1.114-10.210］）were risk factors for a higher TB morbidity among Bai people. And the A allele was positively correlated with the pulmonary tuberculosis morbidity of Bai nationality（OR=2.219, 95% CI=［1.470-3.349］）. However, there was no statistically significant difference among the side -effect kinds and degrees after antituberculosis therapy（P＞0.05）. Conclusion: The polymorphism of NRAMP1 3'UTR is possibly associated with the susceptibility to pulmonary tuberculosis among Bai nationality of Dali. However, the side-effects of antituberculosis therapy do not appear to be
related to the genetic polymorphism of NRAMP1 3'UTR.

Clinical Observation of Chinese Herb Bath by TCM Syndrom-type Combined with Narrow-band UVB in the Treatment of Psoriasis Vulgaris

HUANG Jing, HUANG Ling, WANG Min-Hua, NI Chang-Wen, YANG Ru-Bin, CHEN Chao-Chao

2018, 3(4):  69-71. 

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Ｏbjective: To observe the clinical effect of Chinese herb bath by TCM syndrom-type combined with narrow-band UVB in the treatment of psoriasis vulgaris. Methods: 165 patients with psoriasis vulgaris were randomly divided into two groups. The control group was applied only with NB-UVB，while the treatment group was divided into blood heat type and blood dryness type based on the characteristics of skin lesion, and each of them was treated with Chinese herb bath of Fang NO.1 and Fang NO.2 respectively with the combination of NB- UVB therapy; the PASI score and clinical efficacy after treatment in the two groups were analyzed. Results: The total effective rate（90.5%）of the treatment group was significantly higher than that of the control group（77.8%）（P＜0.05）; the lesion PASI scores in both groups significantly decreased after treatment，yet the scores of the treatment group was significantly lower than that of the control group（P＜0.05）. Conclusion: Combination of Chinese herb bath and NB-UVB by TCM syndrom-type in the treatment of psoriasis vulgaris has shown significant effects, which is worthy of clinical application．

The Clinical Application Value of Color Doppler Ultrasound in Local Anesthetic Regional Nerve Blockade

LUO Chun-Xia, YANG Xian-Kang, LIU Xiao-Jun, DUAN Meng-Xing

2018, 3(4):  72-75. 

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Objective: To explore the application value of color Doppler ultrasound in regional anesthesia. Methods: Real-time color Doppler ultrasound guidance was applied in the regional anesthesia surgery of 92 patients. Then the anesthetic effects and anesthesia drug dosages were compared with those in the traditional regional nerve block anesthesia. Results: A total of 92 cases of regional anesthesia were performed under ultrasound guidance, and the quality of anesthesia was excellent without complications. Conclusion: Color Doppler ultrasound can offer reliable puncture guidance for regional nerve block anesthesia, making the process visualized and precise. It can also reduce the dosage of anesthetic drugs, shorten the time of anesthesis  puncture, reduce anesthesia complications and
improve the safety of anesthesia.

CT Diagnosis of Renal Aspergillosis Infections in AIDS Patients

LI Yun, SHI Hui-Xian

2018, 3(4):  76-79. 

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Objective: To explore the imaging features of renal aspergillosis infections in AIDS patients and provide basis for clinical diagnosis. Methods: The AIDS patients underwent abdominal CT enhanced scanning, and the imaging findings were observed. Results: Enhanced lesions were specific, and the characteristic changes of CT were very important for diagnosis. Conclusion: The cases of renal aspergillosis infections are rare, but due to low body function, AIDS patients are infected with aspergillosis easily. Image diagnosis should be combined with clinical and pathological examinations.

The Clinical Application of Ultrasound Screening of Nuchal Translucency and Nasal Bone  in the Early Pregnancy

WANG Wan-Wan, GE Qun, HU Guo-Bing, JIANG Feng

2018, 3(4):  80-83. 

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Objective: To explore the application and clinical value of the combined examination of NT thickening and nasal bone loss in the early prenatal（11~13+6 weeks）ultrasound screening. Methods: From January 2016 to May 2017, 5 637 cases of effective single fetus were obtained from early prenatal screening in Yijishan Hospital. A comparative analysis was made between the observation of NT thickening（≥2.5 mm）and nasal bone loss by abdominal color Doppler ultrasound and chromosome karyotype analysis in combination with postnatal follow-up. Results: In the 5 637 cases, there were 131 cases with nasal bone loss and / or NT thickening, 86 cases with NT thickening, and 55 cases with an absent nasal bone of which there were 10 cases with NT thickness combined with absence of nasal bone. The abnormal rate of chromosome abnormalities in NT was 11.62%, and the normal chromosome abnormalities rate of NT was 0.25%. When compared, the significant difference was P< 0.01. The abnormal rate of chromosome in the nasal bone loss was 23.63%, and the chromosomal abnormality was 0.39% in the nasal bone. When compared, the significant difference was P< 0.01. 7 cases of chromosomal abnormalities were found in the absence of nasal bone and NT thickeness, and the rate of examination was 70%. Conclusion: Nasal bone loss and NT thickening are important indexes of early prenatal ultrasound screening of chromosomal abnormalities with clinical significance of trisomy 21.

An Analysis of the Results of Blood Alcohol Concentration Detection from 2015 to 2016

CHOU Rong-Xiang, CHEN Ji-Liang, DENG Gang, JI Shou-Lian

2018, 3(4):  84-86. 

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Objective: To analyze the blood ethanol content of samples sent to the center from 2015 to 2016 in order to provide the basis for the future analysis. Methods: The ethanol content in the blood was detected by headspace-gas chromatography（GC / MS）according to the technical specifications of Judicial Expertise GA/T 1073-2013. Results: The compositions of samples from these two years were compared and it had statistical significance（P<0.05）. The ratio of whole blood samples increased from 27.5% to 38.9%; the results of blood ethanol detection had statistical significance（P<0.05）. The ratio of samples without ethanol decreased from 53.2% to 25.8%; the ratio of samples with ethanol content greater than 80 mg/100 mL increased from 43.7% to 69.4%. Comparison between parallel samples and review samples did not show significant differences（P>0.05）. Conclusion: Standardization of blood sample collection is necessary: parallel samples of whole blood need to be collected and sent for detection timely under any circumstances in order to provide accurate results of blood alcohol concentration detection for the judicial process.

The Practice and Thinking of the Experimental Teaching of Toxicology Foundation

WANG Jin-Yong, SONG Zheng-Juan, HE Zuo-Shun, SHU Dun-Ji

2018, 3(4):  87-89. 

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Objective: To improve the teaching quality of Toxicology foundation which is one of compulsory courses for preventive medicine major. Methods: The teaching means, methods and effects of the experimental teaching of Toxicology foundation was analyzed and evaluated. Results: Toxicology is an experimental subject, but the teaching methods and means are too backward, and the teaching effects are too poor. Conclusion: In order to improve the teaching effects of Toxicology foundation, the content and methods of experimental teaching must be reformed at once.

The Research on Training Model of Nursing Students between China and Thailand

DIAO Chun-Na, CHEN Li-Rong

2018, 3(4):  90-93. 

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According to a comparative study and research on cultivating model of nursing students between China and Thailand, this essay aims to provide referential experiences for curriculum implementation, curriculum setting, teaching management system as well as teaching objective and direction. It can not only serves as reference for improving teaching quality, but also help nursing students to broaden their horizons and learn more from the advanced studying and teaching models of Thai nursing colleges.

A Comparative Analysis of Mental Stress of Undergraduate Students of Clinical Medicine Major under Different Curriculum Systems

CHI Tian-Yuan, HE Sai-Lin, FAN Lin-Lin, JIU Qian, CHEN Gong-Xia, HUANG Yu-Qiao, WANG Li-Xia, HU Ji-Fu

2018, 3(4):  94-96. 

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Objective: To explore the differences and causes of undergraduates' mental stress under different curriculum systems.Methods: A questionnaire survey was conducted on 380 randomized undergraduate students of clinical major under different curriculums in our school with a self-made questionnaire. A comparative analysis was made of 36 stresses questions, including three modules: learning, living and employment. Results: Learning stress（χ2=8.71, P<0.01）, clinical practice stress（χ2=10.62, P<0.01）,comprehensive course stress（χ2=19.65, P<0.01）and self-study stress（χ2=4.06, P<0.05）of students from the outstanding physician class were significantly higher than those from the regular class. However, life stress（χ2=8.12, P<0.01）and employment stress（χ2=
4.11, P<0.05）of the latter were significantly higher than those of the former. Conclusion: The differences of mental stress among clinical medical students under different curricular systems are mainly manifested in the aspect of learning. Students "under the curricular system which takes organ system as the center" tend to have more stress in their learning environments, curriculums and self-learning abilities than students "under the curricular system which takes the subjects as the center"; students in the regular class
have greater stress in life and employment than those in the outstanding physician class.

Etiological Investigation on the Facial Acne of College Students in Yunnan Province

HU Kui, ZHANG Jiu-Xia, LI Han, CHEN Guang-Yi, LIU Fen, LI Feng-Yang, WU Wei-Cong

2018, 3(4):  97-100. 

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Objective: To understand the common pathogens of acne and their biological characteristics in college students.Methods: The facial swabs of acne college students were isolated and cultured, and the drug sensitivity was measured by K-B method.Results: Of 196 samples, 60 strains of Staphylococcus aureus were isolated（infection rate 30.6%）, and there were 49 strains（25%）of Staphylococcus epidermidis, 26 strains（13.3%）of Streptococcus, 41 strains（20.9%）of G+ diplococcus, 8 strains（4.1%）of yeast and 21 strains（10.7%）of other species. There were 125 samples（63.8%）in which two or more species were isolated. Additionally, the resistant rates of Staphylococcus aureus against penicillin G, cefoperazone, amikacin, azithromycin, roxithromycin and levofloxacin were
76.7%, 1.7%, 8.3%, 50.0%, 60.0% and 8.3%, respectively. Conclusion: The main pathogen of acne in this population is G+ coccus, most of which are mixed infections, and there is intrinsic resistance in some specimens.