Table of Content

15 February 2014, Volume 13 Issue 2

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Chemical Constituents from Pinecone of Pinus kesiya R.

SHI Gui-Rong, GUO Mei-Xian, LI Dong-Mei, LIU Xi, YANG Jing, LIU Guang-Ming

2014, 13(2):  1-2. 

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Objective：To study the chemical constituents from pinecone of Pinus kesiya R. Methods：The constituents were
extracted with 95% ethanol，isolated and purified by column chromatography with silica gel，Sephadex LH-20 and recrystallization. Then their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic data. Results：Five compounds were isolated and identified as 15-hydroxydehydroabietic acid（1），15- hydroxylabd- 8（17）- en- 19- oic acid（2），junicedric acid（3），β- sitosterol（4），and daucosterol（5）. Conclusion：This is the first report on the compounds 2-4 from Pinus kesiya R.

Study on the Chemical Constituents of Astragalus balfourianus

CHENG Xia, XIAO Chao-Jiang, SUN Jun-Zhe, JIANG Bei

2014, 13(2):  3-5. 

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Objective: To explore the chemical constituents of Astragalus balfourianus. Methods: The constituents were isolated by chromatography applying silica gel column, RP-18, sephadex LH-20 and MCI, and the structures were identified on the basis of spectral data and physicochemical properties. Results: Six compounds were isolated from ethyl acetate fraction of the MeOH extract from rhizomes and were identified as betulinic acid（1）, β-sitosterol（2）, isoliquiritigenin（3）, squalene（4）, ononin（5）, and formononetin （6）. Conclusion: These compounds were obtained from Astragalus balfourianus for the first time.

Anti-inflammatory and Analgesic Effects of Oxalis corniculata L. on Acute Peritonitis in Mice

GUO Mei-Xian, WANG Yan-Shuang, SHI Gui-Rong, SHEN Lei

2014, 13(2):  6-8. 

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Objective: To study the analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of Oxalis corniculata L. on acute peritonitis induced by
acetic acid in mice. Methods: Mice peritonitis model caused by intraperitoneal injection of acetic acid was used to observe the effects of the ethanol extract of Oxalis corniculata L. on the body torsion reaction and the abdominal blood capillary permeability. Results: The ethanol extract of Oxalis corniculata L. reduced the body torsion times and the abdominal capillary permeability of mice inducedby acetic acid. Conclusion: Oxalis corniculata L. showed anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects on acute peritonitis in mice.

Antibacterial Activity of the Extracts from Arisaema erubescens（Wall.）Schott

LI Yang, LUO Ting-Shun, DAI Xin-Tao, QIAN Jin-Fu

2014, 13(2):  9-11. 

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Objective: To explore the antibacterial activity of the extracts from Arisaema erubescens（Wall.）. Methods: Solution
dilution method was applied to measure the antibacterial effects of aqueous extract, ethanol extract and ethyl acetate extract from Arisaema erubescens（Wall.）against 11 experimental bacteria include Staphylococcus aureus. Results: All extracts showed antibacterial activity on 11 experimental bacteria. Ethyl acetate extract exhibited best antibacterial activity in 3 extracts. Conclusion: All the extracts of Arisaema erubescens（Wall.）exhibited good antibacterial effect. The research provided a scientific basis for the developing and utilizing of Arisaema erubescens（Wall.）

Determination of Total Tannins in Geranium strictipes

LUO Ting-Ting, LAN Hai, ZHANG Hai-Zhu, XIE Xue-Bao, HU Jian-Yong, ZHOU Ping

2014, 13(2):  12-14. 

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Objective: To establish a method for the determination of total tannins in Geranium strictipes. Methods: With Gallic acid as reference substance, the UV spectrophotometer was adopted to determine the content of total tannins. Results: With Gallic acid as a standard, Tannins of Geranium strictipes showed good linear relationship in the range of 2.03-12.17 μg/mL（r = 0.999 4）. The average recovery was 99.1%, RSD was 2.32%（n=8）. Conclusion: The method was simple, rapid and accurate, which could be used to measure the content of tannins in Geranium strictipes.

Comprehensive Quality Evaluation of Rhizoma Pinelliae from Different Origin by Clustering Analysis
Method

FU Zhi-Jin, HUANG Tao, CHEN Hou-Jiang, ZHENG Xiao-Lei, YANG Yong-Shou

2014, 13(2):  15-19. 

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Objective: To comprehensively compare and evaluate the quality of Pinellia ternate from different origin. Methods:
Electrometric titration, UV spectrophotometry and sulfuric acid-anthrone method were applied to determine the organic acids, amino acids and polysaccharides. The results of the above were conducted cluster analysis for comprehensive evaluation. Results: The content of total organic acid, polysaccharide and amino acids differed greatly in Pinellias ternate from different origins. Apart from No. 3, No. 25, No. 29 and No. 34 samples of Yunnan origin, the remaining samples passed the requirements of medicinal. Conclusion: The quality of Pinellia ternata was greatly influenced by the place of production. The cluster analysis could divide 39 different Pinellia ternata into 3 categories. Type I were most from Yunnan and Guizhou areas, which showed lower total content of organic acids, amino acids and
polysaccharides, as well as poorer comprehensive quality. Type III were from Sichuan area, which showed higher content of total organic acid better comprehensive quality.

The Common and Variation Peak Ratio Dual Index Sequence Analysis on UV Fingerprint Spectra of
Pinellia ternate Breit.

HUANG Tao, FU Zhi-Jin, CHEN Hou-Jiang, LIN Miao, YANG Yong-Shou

2014, 13(2):  20-25. 

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Objective: To analyze the UV fingerprint spectra of Pinellia ternate Breit. by common and variation peak ratio dual index
sequence analysis. Methods: Chemical constituents of Pinellia ternate Breit. were extracted by petroleum ether, chloroform, ethanol and water from different medicinal ingredient polarities, and the differences among those samples were analyzed by the way of UV fingerprint spectra. Results: This method could distinguish Pinellias ternate Breit. from different origin. Conclusion: The method was simple and with wide range of application, it provided a convenient method to estimate the quality of Pinellia ternate Breit..

Comparison on the Contents of Total Sugar between Periplaneta australasiae and Periplaneta americana

LUO Jian-Rong, KANG Xiao-Li, JIAN Jin-Fu

2014, 13(2):  26-29. 

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Objective: To compare the contents of total sugar between Periplaneta australasiae and Periplaneta americana. Methods:The contents of total sugar were determined by Phenol-Sulfuric acid reaction system. Results: The average content of total sugar in Periplaneta australasiae was 139.6 mg/g, and the average content in Periplaneta americana was 127.6 mg/g. Conclusion: The two kinds of cockroaches were all rich in total sugar. There was no significant difference in the contents of total sugar between Periplaneta australasiae and Periplaneta americana.

Pharmacognostical Study on Osbeckia crinita Benth.

CHEN Ying-Zhi, LI Qin-Mei, ZHANG Zu-Zhen, YANG Yue-E

2014, 13(2):  30-33. 

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Objective: To systematically study the pharmacognosy of Osbeckia crinita Benth.. Methods: Source identification, character identification, microscopic identification and physical and chemical identification were applied in the study. Results: Pharmacognostic character, transverse section, powder characteristics and physical and chemical discrimination of O. crinita were examined Detailedly. Conclusion: The study could provide theoretical basis for pharmacognostic identification, formulation of quality standards, as well as further development and utilization of Osbeckia crinita Benth..

Usage Investigation of the Zero Differences before and after the Sale of Essential Drugs in a Second-Class
Hospital

LI Wan-Yu, XING Yue-Jiao, YANG Xiao-Li

2014, 13(2):  34-36. 

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Objective: To understand the influence of pharmaceutical policy on the usage of essential drugs. Methods: The total
changes of the essential drugs were compared before and after the zero-difference sales, and the categories and sales amount of 10 drug types of anti-microbial class, cardiovascular system, digestive system were compare before after the zero-difference sales. Results: The policy of zero-difference sale of essential drugs was good for the spread of the essential drugs. Conclusion: The utilization of essential drugs could be improved through the improve ment of basic drug system and its supporting policies, and as well as the strengthening  of the super vision and physician training.

Construction and Identification of Eukaryotic Expression Vector of Human Nuclear Respiratory Factor 2

ZHANG Hai-Yang, FENG Mu-Hua, XU Tong, XU You, YU Min, SUN Bao-Di, XIONG Wei

2014, 13(2):  37-42. 

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Objective: To construct eukaryotic expression vectors with FLAG epitope highly expressed human NRF2-α and NRF2-β
gene, and detect the expression levels of NRF2 in transient transfected human BEL-7402 cells. Methods: RT-PCR technique was used to amplify the cDNA of NRF2-α and NRF2-β gene from total RNA isolated from BEL-7402 cells. After nucleotide sequencing, the open reading frames（ORF）of NRF2-α and NRF2-β cDNA was respectively cloned into eukaryotic expression vector p3XFLAGCMV™-14 to form the recombinant plasmid named as p3XFLAG- NRF2-α and p3XFLAG- NRF2-β. Lipofectamine 2000 was used to transient transfect eukaryotic expression vectors into BEL-7402 cells. Finally, semi-quantity RT-PCR and western blot were applied to detect mRNA and protein expression levels of human NRF2- α and NRF2- β in BEL- 7402 cells. Results: We successfully constructed the eukaryotic expression vectors of NRF2- α and NRF2- β. The results of restriction enzyme digestion and nucleotide sequencing confirmed that the recombinant plasmid was correct. By western blotting, we found that the human NRF2-α and NRF2-β proteins were expressed in BEL- 7402 cells. Conclusion: The recombinant eukaryotic expression vector of human NRF2- α and NRF2-β were successfully established, which laid foundation for further study of NRF2 gene and its function.

Effect and Mechanism of Puerarin on Cardiac Function of Heroin Dependence Rats

ZHOU Ping, WU Jian-Xin, NIU Rong-Xiang, SU Juan

2014, 13(2):  43-46. 

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Objective: To evaluate the effect and mechanism of Puerarin on the cardiac function of heroin dependence rats. Methods:The heroin dependence models were established by a 15-day increasing dose of heroin intraperitoneal injection in rats, and then rats were withdrawn by naloxone. Withdrawal symptoms were used to evaluate the model establishment. On the 17th day, the mean arterial pressure（mAP）, heart rate（HR）, left ventricular systolic pressure（LVSP）, left ventricular end-diastolic pressure（LVEDP）and left ventricular pressure development during isovolumetric contraction/relaxation（±dp/dtmax）were monitored. The level of nitric oxide （NO）and inducible nitric oxide synthase（iNOS）of cardiac muscle were detected by the colorimetric technique method. Results: Compared with heroin group, mAP and LVEDP in heroin + Puerarin group decreased, while HR, LVSP and ±dp/dtmax in heroin +
Puerarin group increased. NO and iNOS in cardiac muscle were significantly decreased in heroin + Puerarin group. Conclusion: Puerarin could improve myocardial function in heroin dependence rats, which may relate to the decreased concentration of myocardial NO and NOS.

Application of 23-gauge Micro-invasive Vitrectomy for Vitreoretinopathy Disease

DUAN Zhi-Guang, YU Li-Yun, CHEN Yin-Chao, JIA Yun-Qin, MO Ni

2014, 13(2):  47-51. 

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Objective: To investigate the application of 23-gauge transconjunctival sutureless vitrectomy system（23-GTVS）in the
treatment of vitreoretinopathy disease and evaluate the efficacy,safety and complications. Methods: A 48 cases of 23-GTVS in our hospital from October 2011 to October 2013 was conducted retrospective analysis,including 8 eyes of idiopathic macular hole（16.7%）, 5 eyes of idiopathic macular epiretinal membrane（10.4%）,19 eyes of vitreous hemorrhage（29.5%）, 8 eyes of peripheral diabetic retinopathy（PDR stage V-VI）（16.7%）and8 eyes of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment（RRD）（16.7%）.Intraocular pressure preoperative as well as 1 day,7 days and 1 month postoperative, surgical effects, surgical time, best corrected visual acuity and complications were observed both in suture group and non-suture group. The follow-up time was from 1 month to 12 months. Results:
All cases were successfully completed operation and there were no statistical differences in intraocular pressure of different time points between two group（P>0.05）. Best corrected visual acuities postoperative both improved in two groups（P<0.01）. The mean surgery time was 70.12±7.86 min and there was few complication found. The intraoperative complications included 2 cases of slippage of intubation tube in,5 cases of slight hemorrhage under conjunctiva and 3 cases of bubble under conjunctiva.No serious postoperative complication was observed during the follow-up time in all cases. Conclusion: 23-GTVS, showing shorter operative-time,faster postoperative recovery,better curative effect and rare complications, was an effective and safe surgical technique in the management of vitreoretinopathy disease.

Clinical Application and Analysis of Ultrasound- Guided PTCD in the Treatment of Malignant
Obstructive Jaundice

ZHANG Guo-Hui, CHENG Yan, LI Juan, CHEN Ling, YUE Dong-Mei, WU Yu-Ping

2014, 13(2):  52-54. 

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Objective: To explore the clinical significance of ultrasound- guided percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography and
drainage（PTCD）in the treatment of malignant obstructive jaundice.Methods: The success rate and complications of 51 patients with obstructive jaundice（24 cases of cholangiocarcinoma, 22 cases of pancreatic cancer, 4 cases of ampullary carcinoma, 1 case of postoperative biliary stricture）were examined.Results: Forty-seven cases were successfully operated（47/51, success rate 92.15%）, 40 cases of intrahepatic bile duct catheter were from left hepatic lobe, 4 cases were from right lobe and 3 cases of intrahepatic bile duct catheter were in left or right hepatic lobe. There were 4 cases failed due to the small inner diameter of intrahepatic bile ducts. In followed up for 1 week to 12 months, 1 case were biliary infection, 1 case died in 3 month, the remaining cases were found unobstructed drainage and no obvious complications.Conclusion: Color Doppler ultrasound-guided PTCD was simple, safe and effective in the treatment of malignant obstructive jaundice.

Anti mutagenicity of Extracts of the Yunnan Pinecones by Vicia-Micronucleus Test

LIN Mu, LIU Guang-Ming, JIANG Xi-Chao, LI Yun-Jing, MA Zhi-Min

2014, 13(2):  55-57. 

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Objective: To investigate the anti- mutagenicity of the extracts of Yunnan pincones. Methods: Horsebeans from
Dengchuan village and Wanqiao village were divided into 4 groups randomly. After the pretreatment, vicia-micronucleus test was applied to explore the anti- mutagenicity of the extracts of pinecones. Results: The extract I of Yunnan pinecone showed 50% inhibition on the Dengchuan fava beans-induced micronucleus, 62.5% inhibition on cyclophosphamide-induced micronucleus and 50% inhibition on Wanqiao fava beans root-induced micronucleus. Conclusion: Yunnan pinecone extract effectively inhibited viciamicronucleus induced by cyclophosphamide solution and showed anti-mutagenicity. Thus the extracts of pinecones may have positive effect on tumor prevention.

The Correlation Analysis of Tea Polyphenols and Vitamin C Contents and Tea Storage Time

TANG Meng-Ling, HAI Mi-Li, YI Xue-Feng, HE Yan, DU Shui-Feng, ZHOU Peng-Guan, JI Shou-Lian

2014, 13(2):  58-60. 

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Objective: To understand the polyphenols and vitamin C content changes in different teas after storage. Methods:
Ferrous tartrate colorimetric method and fluorescence method were applied to detect the content of tea polyphenols and vitamin C in black and green tea before and after 6-month-stored. Results: Data showed no statistical significances in tea polyphenols content（P>0.05）but different vitamin C contents（P<0.05）before and after 6 months storage in both black and green tea. Compared to the black tea, green tea exhibited higher tea polyphenols content（P<0.05）, and same vitamin C content（P>0.05）. Conclusion: The content of tea polyphenol could not be easily lost by sealing after opening in dark. vitamin C could be oxidated and reduce.

Creation and Evaluation of the Standard Training Mode for Emergency Nurses

HOU Shao-Fen, FENG Yan- , QIN Ya-Hui- , YANG Shun-Qiu, WANG Fang

2014, 13(2):  61-64. 

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Objective: To standardize nurse training and cultivate specialized nurses. Methods: Pre-hospital and in-hospital first aid,theoretical study and clinical practice are combined. Results: Standardized training for emergency nurses was opened five times. 272 nurses whose average theory test scores were 93.5 and average practical test scores were 88.2 were trained and received certificates.Conclusion: It is pressing to strengthen nurse training. Standardized training mode was highly praised by the employees and showed good effects.

Influence of Professional Caregivers Behaviors on the Mental State of Elderly Patients

ZHAO Yuan, ZHANG Xiao-Lan, GAO Jia-Lan

2014, 13(2):  65-67. 

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Objective: To explore a reasonable professional care according to the psychological characteristics of elderly patients and the demands of their families, to improve the psychological feature and recovery of elderly patients. Methods: Through visiting and analysis in clinical practice, as well as the comprehensive review of references, the nursing behaviors which could influence the mental state of elderly patients were summarized. Results: Effective, professional accompanying caregiving could improve the elderly patients' mental state and speed their recovery. Undesirable full-time accompanying caregiving only added psychological burden of elderly patients and slowed down their recovery. Conclusion: Full-time accompanying caregiving behavior had an significant effect on elderly patients and greatly influenced elderly patients' recovery, which should be regulated according to the elderly patients' psychological feature.

Major Problems and Countermeasures in Nursing

ZHANG Yi-Wen

2014, 13(2):  68-71. 

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Objective: To investigate the main problems in the nursing work and its countermeasures. Methods: By analyzing the
obstacle factors and causes in nurse-patient communication and nursing record, as well as the harm of nursing infringement behavior,we developed some corresponding coping strategies. Results: With analysis and accurately recognition of obstacle factors, scientific and reasonable strategies were adopted to provide patients with safe, high-quality, high-efficiency and satisfactory service. The countermeasures also improved the quality of the overall level of the management and nursing care. Conclusion: The correct understanding of the obstacle factors in nurse-patient communication factors, the nursing records and the tort behavior was important in taking proper measures to improve nursing level.

Early Observation and Nursing of the Acute Cervical Spinal Cord Injury

XU Li-Fen, LIU Yan

2014, 13(2):  72-74. 

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Objective: To positively and early detect the complications of acute cervical spinal injury. Methods: With careful obser?
vation, professional care, proper treatment and health education, primary nurses detected the changes of disease as soon as possible.Results: Early detection is good for early intervention. Conclusion: Patients received high-quality care services. The method ensured the medical safety, which is worthy of clinical application.

Comparative Study on the Effect of Health Guidance in Pregnant Women

LU Yu-Miao, YAN Wen-Jing

2014, 13(2):  75-77. 

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Objective: To explore the impact of a general guidance program for healthy pregnancy on prenatal care and prenatal
knowledge. Methods: One hundred pregnant females were divided into interference group（50 cases）and control group（50 cases） according to their personal will. The interference group underwent a guidance program including prenatal training, individual consulting, brochure reading, while the control group only experienced clinical examination and education. Results: Compared with the control group, the interference group showed significantly（P<0.05）higher recognition of prenatal care, acute awareness of high-risk pregnancy and the knowledge of delivery process. Conclusion: The guidance program remarkably improved the knowledge of pregnant women in prenatal care, delivery process, healthy mental and physical maintenance, child-care, while reduced the chances of both postpartum and pregnancy complications.

Nursing Care of Preterm Infants

ZHANG Xiao-Lan, TANG Jun, ZHAO Yuan

2014, 13(2):  78-80. 

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Objective: To analyze and summarize the main points for preterm infants nursing. Methods: Prematurity and low birth
weight were the main causes of neonatal death, preterm infants with smaller gestational and postnatal age,or lower birth weight showed higher mortality rate. Main points for preterm infants nursing were summarized by literature reviewand experience from clinical and teaching. Results: Keeping warm, maintain effective breathing, prevention of infection, reasonable feeding, transfusion,developmental care and observation were the main points in preterm infants nursing. Conclusion: The neonatal mortality rate was an important index to measure the neonatal medical level and child health development of a country or a region. Only with strengthening the observation and nursing care,can we improve the survival rate of premature infants.

Analysis and Evaluation of Disaster Medicine Course among Undergraduate in Dali University

ZHANG Tai, YANG Yi-Xing, LI You, HE Zuo-Shun

2014, 13(2):  81-84. 

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Objective: To investigate and evaluate educational viability of disaster medicine course among undergraduate in Dali
university and provide theoretical evidence for the lecturer in the university. Methods：Undergraduates learned the course of disaster medicine in Dali University were surveyed by questionnaire. Results: There were 112,120 and 120 students in 2010, 2011 and 2012, respectively. About 98.9% of students believed that the course was worth learning and 31.2% of students considered that the course was very valuable. About 94.9% think that the textbook was good and 23.9% believed that the textbook was very good and informative. Among 176 students surveyed,71.6% felt that the lecturers were passionate at teach and with good educational effect,73.9% believed that the content of course were advanced and large, 54.5% of them found that they could exchange with the teachers inside and outside
of the class with various forms. Conclusion: The percentage of university students choose the course of disaster medicine increased from 2010 to 2012. The medical and no-medical students have realized the importance of disaster medical education. The course of disaster health and disaster medicine should be strengthened in the university in the future.

Reflections and Countermeasures of the Current State and Policies of the Healthcare Personnel in the Rural Areas of Dali

WEN Bin

2014, 13(2):  85-88. 

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From an investigation of the current state of the healthcare personnel in the rural areas of Dali, we found following problems exist: deficient number of rural healthcare personnel, irrational structure of the personnel, insufficient educational background, and challenges in recruiting and stabilizing personnel. Based on the observations above, to meet the increasing demand of rural healthcare we should implement the strategies of fostering rural healthcare workers, raise the attention to cultivating competent personnel, stabilize the rural healthcare personnel team, encourage further educate, increase policy favor for rural health workers and optimize our rural healthcare workforce.

Problems and Countermeasures of Graduation Thesis Majoring in Preventive Medicine in Dali University

YANG Yi-Xing, ZHANG Tai, HE Zuo-Shun

2014, 13(2):  89-92. 

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Objective:To understand the quality of graduate thesis among bachelor degree students majored in preventive medicine and explore the way to improve the quality of graduate thesis. Methods: Undergraduate thesis topics from 2007-2013 in faculty of public health were summarized and analyzed. Results: Total 591 papers were analyzed, the rate of thesis topic designated by teachers decreased deeply from 100% to 8% from 2007 to 2013. The percentage that student collected secondary data from the CDC and hospital as the data in thesis were78% and 82% in 2012 and 2013, respectively. Conclusion: The mode of preventive medical students thesis transformed from teacher designated to student self selection. The quality of data collection and thesis writing decreased. So we should take some measurement to strengthen the management of graduation thesis in the future.