Table of Content

15 December 2013, Volume 12 Issue 12

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Study of the Effect of Myrobalan Bark Extracts on Isolated Rat Uterus

LAI Yong, ZHANG Mei, LI Dai-Hang, YIN Pin-Tong, LIU Yong, MANG ChaoYong

2013, 12(12):  1-4. 

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Objective: To research the effect of extracts （water extract and alcohol extract form myrobalan）on isolated rat uterus.
Methods: Observe the influence of water extract and alcohol extract from myrobalan on the spontaneous contraction of isolated rat uterus, and the isolated rat uterus after treated with oxytocin or histamine. Results: The contraction frequency, tension and motoricity of isolated rat uterus decreased with water extract and alcohol extract form myrobalan; the contraction frequency of isolated rat uterus significantly reduced with water extract of myrobalan; the water extract of myrobalan could increase the tension, the contraction frequency and the contraction amplitude of isolated rat uterus after the rat was treated with histamine. Conclusion: The extracts (water extract and alcohol extract form myrobalan) can inhibit the spontaneous contraction of isolated rat uterus, and it has the same function after the rat was treated with oxytocin. Water extract of myrobalan can antagonize the contraction of isolated rat uterus after
the rat was treated with histamine.

Determination of Amino Glucose in Compound Content in Periplaneta americana

HUANG Li, YANG Yong-Shou, LI Kua-Qiao, YANG Xing-Biao, XIAO Pei-Yun

2013, 12(12):  5-8. 

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Objective: To establish a method for the determination of amino glucose in compound from Periplaneta americana.
Methods: The content of the amino glucose in compound was determined at 540 nm with chondroitin sulfate as the standard substance by ultraviolet UV-visible method. Results: The calibration curve was linear in the range of 0.025~0.375 mg/mL for chondroitin sulfate, r=0.999 8, the average recovery was 98.36%, RSD=1.35%（n=6）. Conclusion: The method is simple, fast and accurate, and can be used as the determination of amino glucose in compound from Periplaneta americana .

Determination of Content of Total Flavones in Alnus ferdinandi-coburgii

YANG Xiao-Zhen, YIN La-Mei, YANG Yong-Shou

2013, 12(12):  9-11. 

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Objective: To establish a method for determining the content of flavonoid in Alnus ferdinandi-coburgii. Methods: The
content of flavonoid was detected from Alnus ferdinandi-coburgii by UV-visible method and the rutin was used as control.Results:Rutin was good linear in the range of 0.19 ~ 0.95 mg/mL :A=1.082 6C+0.049 7（r=0.999 6）the average recovery of 99.6﹪ and RSD of 1.09﹪（n=6）. Conclusion: The method is simple, rapid and accurate. It can be used for determining the content of total flavones in Alnus ferdinandi-coburgii.

Determination of Content of Total Flavones from the Plant of Arctium lappa L.

LI Jing-Mei, QI Ling-Li, LI Li, LIU Xiao-Cui- , HU Jian-Yong, ZHOU Ping

2013, 12(12):  12-15. 

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Objective: To determine the content of the total flavones from the Arctium lappa L.. Methods: The best extraction
technology was determined by orthogonal experiment design, including extraction time，solid-liquid ratio，ethanol concentration and the extraction times. The content of total flavones was determined by absorption spectrometry with rutosids as reference substance.Results: Optimum extraction technology was as follows: 55% ethanol，ratio of material to liquid 1：70，time 1.5 h，two times. The calibration curve had good linear relationship in the range of 4.00~100.00 μg/mL. The average recovery was 97.7%,RSD=2.5%（n=6）.Conclusion: The extraction process is stable and feasible. The quantitative method is accurate.

Analysis and Evaluation of Four Heavy Metals in Crucian and Shrimp from the Markets of Dali

HUANG Hui, LIU Pan, LUO Jian-Rong

2013, 12(12):  16-19. 

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Objective: To evaluate the food safety in the market crucian and shrimp through making an analysis of the content of
heavy metals （Cu, Zn, Pd and Cd）in the crucian and shrimp from the market of Dali. Methods: The samples were pretreated with nitric acid and perchloric acid, and then the heavy metals in the crucian and shrimp were determined by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Results: The content of Cu, Pd and Cd was lower; the content of Zn was higher. According to "NY5073-2006 toxic and harmful substances limits of no social effects of pollution food and marine products" and "GB13106-91 tolerance limit of Zn in food", the content of the four metals in the muscle of crucian and shrimp did not exceed the limits. The content of Pd in the head of shrimp was over the limits 2-3 times. Conclusion: The content of Pd in the head of shrimp exceeded the limit. The head of shrimp for food may be potentially unsafe. It should be noted by consumers.

Clinical Study of Triple Therapy with Probiotics in the Treatment of Helicobacter Pylori Infection

YANG Li-Wei, ZHANG Jun-Mei, ZHANG Yan-Lan

2013, 12(12):  20-22. 

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Objective: To study the efficacy and safety of triple therapy （lansoprazole, clarithromycin tablets, and amoxicillin
capsules）with probiotics in the treatment of helicobacter pylori infection. Methods:118 cases of chronic gastritis or peptic ulcer with any two positive results of rapid urease test, pathological staining, 13C- urease expiratory test were randomly divided into two groups: 60 cases of combined treatment group, lansoprazole clarithromycin and Amoxicillin capsules with 0.35 g of bifidobacterium 0.7 g Po,bid, and 2 h interval taking antibiotics, course 14 d, 58 cases of the control group, lansoprazole clarithromycin and Amoxicillin capsules without Bifidobacterium, course 14 d. Repeat 13C- urea breath test after 4 weeks. Compare the eradication rate and adverse reaction rate of two groups. Results: the eradication rate of treatment group was 80%; the control group the eradication rate was 77.5%, there was no significant difference between the two groups （P>0.05）, but the adverse reaction incidence were statistically
significant different （P <0.05） between treatment group 6.7% and control group 22.4% . Conclusion: Triple therapy with bifidobacterium tablets in the treatment of Hp infection which has less side effect, is worthy of clinical application.

A Clinical Study of Recombinant Human Brain Natriuretic Peptide on Patients with Acute Decompensated Heart Failure

ZHOU Xiu-Jin, LU Jing-Jian

2013, 12(12):  23-26. 

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Objective：To observe the clinic efficacy and safety of used recombinant human brain natriuretie peptide（rh-BNP）on patients with acute decompensated heart failure.Methods：48 patients who suffered from acute decompensated heart failure patients were divided into rh-BNP group（n=22）and control group（n=26）.The rh-BNP group received rh-BNP made by China and traditional heart failure treatment; the control group was treated with traditional heart failure treatment.The changes of the clinical efficacy, left ventricular ejection fraction（LVEF）and brain natriuretie peptide test parameters were observed.Results：After 7 days treatment, clinical efficacy improvements were more significant in rh-BNP group compared control group（81.7% vs 61.6，P<0.05）.LVEF were improved in rh-BNP group compared with control group（（51±6）% vs（46±5）%，P<0.01）.and BNP level were decreased obviously in
rh-BNP group than control group（（498±209）pg/ml vs（642±318）pg/ml，P<0.01），and there had positive relation in BNP decrease and LVEF increased（P<0.05）.Conclusion：The use of rh-BNP is efficient and safe for acute decompensated heart failure patient.And BNP test can provide a dog marker for diagnosis and prognostic.

Diagnosis and Treatment Analysis of Craniofacial Fracture Combined with Traumatic Brain Injury

HUA Zhi-Zhen, JIN Guo-Wei

2013, 12(12):  27-28. 

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Objective: To investigate the clinical manifestations and treatment of craniofacial fracture combined with traumatic brain injury. Methods: A retrospective analysis of 60 cases of clinical data of craniofacial fracture combined with traumatic brain injury was made. Results: During admission, there were 15 cases of hernia formation. After the department of neurosurgery operation treatment, 5 cases died; the other patients were cured. There were 27 cases of maxillary and mandibular fracture, 20 cases of mini plate internal fixation, 2 cases of dental arch splint intermaxillary traction, and 5 cases of absorbable internal fixation material. All of them achieved good effect. Conclusion: The clinical treatment of craniocerebral injury with craniofacial fractures needs multidisciplinary treatment, early comprehensive system of inspection and the reduction of misdiagnosis, which can obtain a satisfactory therapeutic effect.

A Comparative Study of Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy and Open Surgery in the Treatment of Gallbladder Stones

TIE Xiao-Jin, YANG Miao, LI Ting-Xin, ZHANG Kun-Lun

2013, 12(12):  29-30. 

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Objective: To explore laparoscopic cholecystectomy and open cholecystectomy in treatment of gallstone. Methods: 90
cases of gallstone patients who were admitted to our hospital from January 2010 to July 2013 were selected as research objects.According to the ways of treatment they were divided into the laparoscopic cholecystectomy （LC for short）group and open cholecystectomy （the OC）groups, and then the efficacy of their treatments was compared. Results: LC group operation time, intraoperative blood loss, antibiotic use time, gastrointestinal function recovery time , hospital stay and perioperative indicators were significantly better than OC Group （P<0.05）; LC group complication rate was 0.1%;the OC the incidence of complications was 3%; the incidence of complications of LC group was obviously lower than OC group （P <0.05）. Conclusion: The advantages of Laparoscopic cholecystectomy in the treatment of gallstone are as follows: less bleeding, quick postoperative recovery, shorter hospital stay, which is a safe and reliable method of treatment.

EST Combined with LC in Treating Cholecystolithiasis with Secondary Choledocholithiasis

XIAO Jin, TAO Zhong-Yuan, LI Jun, LI Hong-Fa

2013, 12(12):  31-32. 

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Objective: To investigate the efficacy of endoscopic sphincterotomy（EST）combined with lapanroscopic cholecystectomy （LC）in treating cholecystolithiasis with secondary biliary calculi. Methods: EST was performed first in 21 cases of cholecystolithiasis with secondary choledocholithiasis patients, then LC operation. Results: All 21 cases completed EST and LC operation; one of them who had made LC operation was found residual bile duct stones in cholangiography, and then was carried out EST operation.Conclusion: EST combined with LC in treating cholecystolithiasis with secondary biliary calculi is a safe and effective minimally invasive treatment mode.

The Function of the Hemoglutination Tests in Curing the Neonatal Septicemia

YANG Jie, SHU Lei, YANG Xiu-Ling, QI Hui-Xian

2013, 12(12):  33-35. 

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Objective: To study the change of the hemoglutination in the neonatal septicemia and its impact on the prognosis.
Methods: According to the criteria of the neonatal septicemia, the newborns who have been hospitalized in NICU were divided into two groups: 38 cases of the neonatal septicemia and 38 cases of the non-neonatal septicemia. The hemoglutination convention（PT,TT, APTT, Fbg）of both groups at the beginning were inspected. Results: PT、TT、APTT、APTT of the neonatal septicemia group were all higher than those of the other group（P<0.05）; Fbg of the neonatal septicemia group were all lower as well（P<0.05）. Conclusion:All the newborns of the septicemia have the hemoglutination function disorders and the situation is related to the seriousness of the septicemia and prognosis.

Effect of Propofol Combined with Remifentanil or Fentanyl on Cardiovascular Response during
Induction of General Anesthesia

WU Hong-Bing, DAI Hua, CUN Dai-Wen, ZHANG Chun-Mu, PENG Li

2013, 12(12):  36-38. 

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Objective：To compare the effect of propofol combined with remifentanil or fentanyl on cardiovascular response during induction of general anesthesia. Methods：Patients with ASA status 玉~域undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy were randomly divided into two groups：group R （propofol+remifentanil anesthesia）and group F （propofol+fentanyl anesthesia）.Heart rate（HR），systolic blood pressure （SBP），mean blood pressure （MBP），diastolic blood pressure （DBP）were recorded before and after the tracheal intubation. Results：The HR，SDP，MAP，DBP of group F significantly increased at 1 minute after intubation（P< 0.05）. The intubation did not affect all the indexes in groups R（P>0.05）. There were significant differences of all the indexes between two groups after the induction the and the intubation（P<0.05）.Conclusion：Compared with fentanyl，remifentanil can significantly inhibit the cardiovascular responses to induction of general anesthesia.

The Distribution of Causative Bacteria and Drug Resistance of Escherichia Coli in Urinary Tract Infection

SONG Jing-Jing, ZHANG Qun-Zhi

2013, 12(12):  39-42. 

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Objective: To understand the distribution of causative organisms in urinary tract infection and drug resistance of
Escherichia coli in a hospital located in Baoshan in order to provide clinicians the basis for rational use of antibiotics. Methods:The identification of bacteria and susceptibility test were performed by using automatic bioanalysis- VITET-2 Compact 60 and Kirby-Bauer methods; the detection rate and the drug sensitivity results of bacterial were analyzed statistically. Results: The first three detection rates of causative bacteria in urine samples were: Escherichia coli topped （74.2%）, Klebsiella pneumoniae followed（10%）, Staphylococcus epidermidis was third （4.3%）. The detection rates of causative bacteria in the top three clinical departments were: department of urology 45.7%, department of rehabilitation 20%, ICU 14.3%. The top three drug resistance rates of 52 strains of Escherichia coli to 13 kinds of antibiotics were: ampicillin 98%, cotrimoxazole 76.9%, gentamicin 65.4%. All the strains of Escherichia coli were sensitive to ertapenem and imipenem; 29 cases of ESBL-producing Escherichia coli accounted for 55.8%, 23
cases of non ESBL-producing ones accounted for 44.2%. Conclusion: Escherichia coli are in the majority of urinary tract infections caused by organisms in hospital. The infectious cases in urinary department are first in the distribution of clinical departments. Since the drug resistance of Escherichia coli in urinary tract infection is serious, the hospital should strengthen monitoring of drug resistance of Escherichia coli and doctors should select antibiotics based on the results of drug sensitivity test in vitro.

An Analysis of the Detection Rate and Drug Resistance of Infection with Pathogenic bacteria in ICU

ZHAO Yong-Mao

2013, 12(12):  43-49. 

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Objective: To make a retrospective analysis of the infection pathogenic bacteria distribution and drug resistance in
hospital intensive care unit （ICU）from January 1, 2012 to December 31, 2012. Methods: The identification of bacteria and susceptibility test were performed by using automatic bioanalysis- VITET-2 Compact 60 and Kirby-Bauer methods; the detection rate and the drug sensitivity results of bacterial were analyzed statistically. Results: 799 ICU specimens, 249 strains of hospital infection isolates, the detection rate of 31.16%. The first three bacteria in these samples were: onion burkholderia bacteria topped （60 strains,24.10%）, acinetobacter baumannii followed（55 cases, 22.09%）, klebsiella pneumoniae was the third（39 strains, 15.66%）. Isolated bacteria in sputum specimen source and pharyngeal swab the most common, followed by venous blood and venous catheter. Onion false unit cell, acinetobacter baumannii, pseudomonas aeruginosa, klebsiella pneumoniae and e. coli, staphylococcus aureus and
staphylococcus aureus were with high resistance to many kinds of antimicrobial agents. Conclusion: The detection rate of fermentation bacteria in nosocomial infection pathogens is highest, followed by klebsiella pneumoniae and its resistance is strong; so the treatment of hospital infection caused by pathogens of infectious diseases should be selected according to results of fungi susceptibility test in vitro sensitive antimicrobial agents, in order to reduce resistance.

Application of Three-way Laryngeal Mask Airway to Painless Fiberoptic Bronchoscopy under Intravenous Anesthesia

LIU Wen-Pei, GAO Guo-Yi, LIU Ping-Hua

2013, 12(12):  50-52. 

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Objective: To investigate the safety and feasibility of three-way laryngeal mask airway used in painless fibreoptic
bronchoscopy. Methods: Patients aged under 65 years old and ASA I~II were divided into intravenous anesthesia group（IA，n=19）and local anesthesia group（LA，n=20）according to the principle of voluntary. Patients in group LA were intramuscular injection with luminal 100 mg and atropine 0.5 mg 30 minites before operation. Then 3 mL lidocaine was injected via cricothyroid membrane pre-operation. Patients in group IA were inserted with three-way laryngeal mask airway after rapid induction of anesthesia. SBP,DBP, HR, and SPO2 were recorded at the moments in pre-anesthesia（T0）, fibreoptic bronchoscopy through the glottis（T₁）, perform a biopsy（T₂）, 5 minutes after-operation（T₃）. The hypoxic events, check time and wake time were recorded during operation. Results: All patients finished painless fibreoptic bronchoscopy successfully, had stable hamodynamics, no side effect and complications in any cases（P<0.05）. In group IA, satisfaction from patients and endoscopic physicians was high. Conclusion: Three-way laryngeal mask airway under intravenous anesthesia in painless fibreoptic bronchoscopy is a simple and safe method. The use of TLMA can satisfy the anesthesiologist and endoscopic physicians to airway management needs at the same time. It may obtain the respiratory control power,guarantee good ventilation and oxygen supply, and considerably improve the safety of anesthesia.

The Advance of Diagnosis and Treatment in Testicular Torsion

XIAO Yu-Kun, WEN Gui-Cheng

2013, 12(12):  53-55. 

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Objective: To sum up the advance of treatment in testicular torsion. Methods: Data of testicular torsion were reviewed
and concluded. Results: Testicular torsion was emergency of urology, the cause of injury was ischemia - reperfusion. Conclusion:Early diagnosis and therapy were useful for avoiding the loss rate of testis.

Significance of Preoperative Screening for Infectious Indicators of Digestive Endoscopy

CHENG Jie, LONG Shao-Ming, XIE Mu-Hua

2013, 12(12):  57-58. 

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Objective: To explore the digestive endoscopy preoperative 3 （HBsAg, HCV, HIV）screening for infectious indicators.
Methods: 4 356 cases of digestive endoscopy in our hospital from June 2012 to June 2013 patients were carried out the preoperative tests: hepatitis B virus surface antigen（HBsAg）, hepatitis C virus antibody（anti-HCV）and human immunodeficiency virus antibody Qi depression （anti-HIV）testing. Results: HBsAg positive rate was 3.72%; anti-HCV positive rate 0.76%; anti-HIV-positive rate 0.09%. Conclusion: Preoperative three digestive endoscopy screenings for infectious indicators can ensure the quality of cleaning and disinfection of endoscopes and medical safety, prevent disputes between doctors and patients, control and prevent nosocomial infections, which are very necessary and meaningful.

The Effect of Human-specific Immunity against Schistosoma japonicum on Infection Rate of Schistosomiasis

YANG Hui, ZHANG Jian-Ping, DAI Wen-Xin, ZHAO Yi-Juan, PENG Pei-Sheng

2013, 12(12):  59-60. 

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Objective: To research the effect of specific immunity against Schistosoma japonicum on infection rate of schistosomiasis in human. Methods: 91（A group）with positive stool examination of S. japonicum and 223 negative individual（B group）have been selected as research object. After treatment with praziquantel for 10 days, the two groups simultaneously were exposed in rich planting period. Moreover, after planting period for 30 days, fecal examination was also used to observe infection rate whether there were different, in order to infer specific immunity against schistosome infection influence. Results: The infection rate of group A （reinfection） was 38.46%（35/91）, in which children aged 6-14 with the infection rate（re-infection）of 10.53%（2/19）; the infection rate of 15-60 year olds（re-infection rate）was 45.83%（33/72）. The infection rate of group B（re-infection）was 29.60%（66/223）,
in which children aged 6-14 with the infection rate （re-infection）of 20.27% （15/74）; the infection rate of 15-60 year olds （reinfection rate）was 34.23% （51/149）. Conclusion: The specific immunity is relatively low and week resulted from S. japonicum infection, and it had no significant effect in reducing infection rate.

Nursing Intervention for Gravidas Infected Hepatitis B Giving Birth in Hospital in Dali during 2012

ZHAO Gui-Fen

2013, 12(12):  61-63. 

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Objective: To explore the key point of nursing intervention in blocking the maternal-infant transmission of HBV and
effectively improve the success rate of blocking the maternal-infant transmission. Methods: Newborns of HBsAg positive gravida were adopted by the Hepb/HBIG immunization and their mothers nursing intervention. Results: The 160 samples in Dali of HbsAg and HbeAg were negative, ranging form 1 to 6 months newborns, and their maternal-infant transmission of hepatitis B virus were blocked. Success rate of its blocking was 98.16%. Conclusion: Hepb/HBIG were timely vaccinated for newborns and nursing intervention for gravidas of HbsAg positive were provided，which can improve the rate of preventing the maternal-infant transmission.

Nursing Care for the Children with Femoral Fracture Treated by Titanium Elastic Intramedullary Nail

XU Li-Fen, DONG Ya-Ping

2013, 12(12):  64-66. 

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Objective: To introduce Nursing care methods of the children femoral fracture treated by Tianium elastic intramedullary
nail. Methods: Nursing care for 43 cases of children with femoral fracture treated by Titanium elastic intramedullary nail. Results: 43 cases obtained bony union; the excellent and good rate was 100%. Conclusion: This method is an operation with low damage, low physiological influence for fracture, short hospitalization time, easy care, less complications. The proper nursing care and rehabilitation training during perioperative period is the essential important guarantee.

Discussion on how to Inform Donators of Unqualified Data of Blood Detection

ZHAO Qiong-Xian

2013, 12(12):  67-69. 

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Objective: To make an analysis of problems existing in informing donators of unqualified results of blood detection.
Methods: These problems existing in informing donators of unqualified results of blood detection were summed up and then an analysis of its reasons was made. Finally, the corresponding measures were made. Results: The problems were as follows: implicit contents, indefinite time, implicit legal procedure, insufficient training of professional informer, inconformity of the blood detection results between blood station and clinical examination, and so on. Conclusion：The blood station should improve service, standardize practice, inform definitely the way and time limit, realize the donators' right to know, protect and respect the donators' privacy and make donators with low risk dedicate blood, which can provide safe blood for clinic.

The Current Situation of Hospice Care and Development Measures in Our Country

ZHAO Yuan

2013, 12(12):  70-72. 

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Objective: To analyze the current situation of hospice care in our country, and propose the development measures.
Methods: Problems were got from the literature review and analysis, and then development measures were proposed. Results:Hospice career development in China was slow. The reasons included understanding insufficiency, the lack of funding, lack of professionals and other factors. Conclusion: Strengthening education of science view of life and death, improving training about doctors and nurses, perfecting the institution about hospice care, increasing the funds investment are the necessary measures of the development of hospice care in our country.

The Literature Analysis of Domestic Study on Gout Health Education from 1998 to 2013

SHAN Hui-Bin

2013, 12(12):  73-76. 

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Objective: In order to explore present situation and problems of gout health education in China. Methods: Based on
CNKI "Chinese Journal Full-text database"，the bibliometrics and content analysis were made of papers on gout health education from setting up to August 31, 2013. Results: The research on gout health education in China started relatively late; The attention and involvement on gout health education in the field of nursing and medical research studies was lower, and its research field was narrow, high-quality research literature was less; Core research groups of gout health education has not yet formed, and the research team was dispersed and very unstable; The content of gout health education included the dietary guidance, medication guide, physical exercise, psychological guidance and control weight, and the content of gout health education should be further confirmed and refined;The methods of gout health education were composed of disseminate information, seminars and layout propaganda, and these should
add individual guidance on public propaganda way. Conclusion: In order to get high-quality and specific gout health education content, our research should be more deep, detailed, and standardized.

Investigation and Analysis of Employment of the Pharmacy Graduates of Dali University

HE Jian-Ying, DU Yi-Min, HE Xu

2013, 12(12):  77-80. 

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Objective: To analyze the employment rate and employment quality of the pharmacy graduates in college of pharmacy
and chemistry. Methods: A combination of the questionnaire investigation and telephone consultation was adopted. Results: The employment units of the pharmacy graduates consist mainly of medical establishment, production enterprises and pharmaceutical marketing. Among them, 38.68% were medical establishment; production enterprises account for 17.69% and pharmaceutical marketing company 10.97% . Meanwhile, being admitted to postgraduate schools was considered as a new job hunting way.Conclusion: The employment rate of the pharmacy graduates in college of pharmacy and chemistry is higher, but the employment situation remains severe. We should vigorously strengthen the employment guidance and services to make the pharmacy graduates establish a correct concept of employment.

On Bilingual Teaching in Clinical Course "Internal Medicine"

GUO Yan, YIN Xue-Yan, ZHANG Yuan-Yuan, LI Yong-Ping, HE Min-Hua, SUN Shu-Guang

2013, 12(12):  81-84. 

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Objective: To explore the necessity, methods, measures of bilingual teaching in clinical course "Internal Medicine" at
clinical school. Methods: Bilingual teaching in clinical course "Internal Medicine" was conducted in clinical undergraduate classes and a questionnaire survey was carried out in order to explore teaching mode and teaching methods in this course. Results: 56% of the students thought that the bilingual teaching was necessary, and only 21% consider it unnecessary, 23% does not matter. Our bilingual education should be gradually deepened. Conclusion: It is imperative and feasible for clinical medical college to carry out the bilingual teaching. This is also an inevitable trend for the Chinese education to go with the international standards, and for the medical education to carry on the teaching reform.

A Survey Analysis of Pre-Internship Stress Sources and Countermeasures for Students in Nursing
Undergraduate Program at a University in Yunnan Province

LU Yu-Miao, JIANG Ya-Fang

2013, 12(12):  85-89. 

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Objective: To identify pre-internship stress sources and their countermeasures for students with nursing specialty in
undergraduate program. It further explores efficient ways of guiding, managing, and releasing these stresses to help students transforming their roles in a mentally and physical healthy route. Methods: It chose 188 samples of undergraduates with nursing specialty right before their enrollments into a clinical internship, and conducted survey analysis using SCSQ approach. Results: The survey results showed that the overall pre-internship stress mostly reached high to middle level and a few resides on a lower level, occupying 22.34%, 69.68% and 7.97% of total sample size in each level respectively. In the sample, the top-5 stress sources were identified as less chance of practical training, unsatisfying career prospects, and failure in joining a public enterprise, inability in managing emergent medical cases and low scores in course exams. It also found that students took various active measures to counter
these stresses. An analysis of correlation between the stress sources and countermeasures showed that, at 5% significance level, students in the sample were most active in handling stresses from chance of practical training and career prospects. Conclusion: The research concludes that improving operating skills, enhancing capability building, strengthening career counseling efforts are three most efficient ways in helping the release of these stresses.

An Analysis for the Water Quality Detection of Drinking Water in a City

ZHANG Guang-Ze, YANG Kun, ZHAO Zhi-Rong, TIAN Cai-Hong, GUO Xiao-Dong, LIU Shan, SONG Zheng-Rui

2013, 12(12):  90-92. 

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Objective: To learn about the hygienic condition of a part of drinking water in a city. Methods: Testing 12 samples
according to GB/T5750-2006 Drinking water standard test method. Results: The percents of pass about TDS and fluoride testing in samples were all 100%. The highest pH was 6.5 and the lowest was 5.8. Moreover, some values of pH in testing were a little lower than normal value. Lead, cadmium, copper, zinc, manganese were not checked out in samples, but Iron was checked out in three of samples. In addition, the amount of Iron in sample No. 10 was over standard. Conclusion: According to the results from some testing items about drinking water, it is known that only sample No. 10 is over standard in amount of Iron, but the rest samples all obey "Standards for drinking water quality".